Waa maxay glutamate?
Qeexitaanka:
Glutamate waa nooca kiimikada maskaxda oo la yiraahdo neurotransmitter , taas oo macnaheedu yahay in ay caawinayso gudbinta farriimaha maskaxda ku hareereysan. Sida caadiga ah waxay ku lug leedahay barashada iyo xusuusta. Glutamate waxay sidoo kale ku lug leedahay cudurrada nudaha badan.
Waxa kale oo la yaqaan: L-glutamic acid, glutamic acid, L-Glutamate
Caadi ahaan la isku-kalsoon yahay: Glutamine
Glutamate waxay qabataa howlaha lagama maarmaanka ah ee maskaxdaada.
Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa neurotransmitter, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay kicineyso meelaha maskaxda ah ama qaybaha kale ee nidaamka dareenka. Noocaas kicinta ayaa qayb muhiim ah ka ah habka waxbarashada, sidaas daraadeed, glutamate waa wax fiican.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, glutamate badan maahan wax aad rabto. Xaaladaha qaarkood, waxay noqon kartaa waxa loo yaqaan 'excitotoxin'. "Sunta" ayaa dhif ah erey wanaagsan, waana hubaal maahan in kiiskan. Doorka ay ka mid tahay 'excitotoxin', glutamate waxay ka sii dheeraan kartaa unugyada maskaxdaada.
Haddii heerarka sarreeya aan la ogaan, neurotransmitter-ka ayaa ka sii fujin kara unugyadaas illaa inta ay qaadaan tallaabo adag oo ay sameeyaan is-dilid gacanta ah si loo ilaaliyo unugyada ku wareegsan. (Ka feker sidaad u qaadatid iliga dildillaacaya si uusan jirku u faafin ilkaha ku xiga.)
Unugyada jirka ku jiraa way dhintaan wakhti kasta, badankoodana waa la beddeli karaa. Halka kuwa glutamate ay wadaan in ay is-dilaan, in kastoo, ay yihiin neurons.
Maskaxdaada ma sameyn karto kuwo cusub si ay u badasho kuwa lumay, sidaas darteed waxaa muhiim ah in ay ku sii wataan caafimaad iyo ammaan.
Glutamate's role as excototoxin ayaa la aaminsan yahay inay ku lug leedahay noocyo kala duwan oo neurodegenerative ah sida cudurka sclerosis, cudurka Alzheimers iyo amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (oo loo yaqaan 'ALS ama Lou Gherig').
Dareemida Glute-ka waxaa sidoo kale loo maleynayaa inay tahay qayb ka mid ah fibromyalgia iyo dareen-xannuun daba-dheer , xitaa inkastoo xaaladahaas aan loo tixgelinin nuurodegenerative.
Glutamate & Fibromyalgia
Cilmi baaris ayaa muujinaysa in dadka qaba fibromyalgia ay leeyihiin heerar aan caadi ahayn oo glutamate ah oo ku yaal aag maskaxda oo la yiraahdo insulada ama kortexleyda. Insula wuxuu si aad ah ugu lug leeyahay xajinta xanuunka iyo dareenka labadaba. Heerarka glutamate ee sarreeya waxay muujinayaan in gobolkan maskaxda ah laga yaabo in si joogto ah loo fahmo xaaladdan.
Insula waxa kale oo ku lug leh:
- dareennada
- walaac
- xirfadaha dhaqdhaqaaqa
- jaahwareerka
- cunto cunidda
- qabatinka
In fibromyalgia, talada dareenka ayaa la kordhin karaa, taasoo keentay in la badiyo . Walaaca waa calaamad caadi ah / xaalad xadidan. Xirfadaha gaari waa la daciifin karaa, taasoo keenta dhibaatooyinka dheelitirka iyo dhacdooyinka . Cunuga cunnooyinka ayaa laga yaabaa in uu ku badan yahay dadka qaba fibromyalgia, sidoo kale.
Glutamate ayaa ku jirta meelaha jidhka ka baxsan nidaamka dareemayaasha, halkaas oo ay u shaqeyso hormoon ahaan. Doorashadan, waxay keeni kartaa xanuun.
Daraasad cilmi-baaris ah oo 2016-ka ah ayaa muujinaysa in jimicsigu uu yarayn karo xanuunka glutamate-ku xiran ee dadka qaba fibromyalgia, kaas oo laga yaabo inuu ka caawiyo sharaxaadda xiriirka liita ee fahamka u dhaxeeya xaaladdaan iyo ficil ahaan .
Glutamate ee Xanuunka Xanuunka Xanuunka Chronic
Daraasaduhu waxay u kala qaybsan yihiin haddii diiqadamida glutamate ay door ka qaadato dareenka dufanka dabadheerta, xaalad ay sidoo kale ku lug leedahay dareenka xad-dhaafka ah, welwelka, iyo dhibaatooyinka dhaqdhaqaaqa / isku-dheellitirka .
Marka loo eego fibromyalgia, inkastoo, daraasaduhu waxay soo jeedinayaan in heerarka glutamate ay ku yaryihiin qaybo ka mid ah maskaxda. Taas macneheedu waa markaad tixgeliso maskaxda maskaxda ee la xiriirta cudurkan, oo ay ku jirto dhibaatooyinka barashada.
Waxa kale oo aanu haynaa caddaymo muujinaya in cilladda diiqadda daba dheeraatay ay ku lug leedahay hiddo-ku-oolka oo la xidhiidha dysprouting glutamate.
Monosodium Glutamate
Sida amino acid, glutamate waa qayb ka mid ah monosodium glutamate (MSG), oo loo isticmaalo daawooyinka qaarkood iyo sida cuntada lagu daro.
Waxaa laga yaabaa inay la xiriirto qaar ka mid ah saameynta caafimaadka ee xun.
Qaar ka mid ah dhakhaatiirta daryeelka caafimaadka ayaa aaminsan in MSG uu dhibaato u keeni karo dadka qaba fibromyalgia, halka qaar kalena ay aaminsan yihiin inaysan ahayn. Dadka qaarkiis ayaa sheegaya in ciribtirka MSG ee cuntada ay ka caawisay yareynta calaamadaha fibromyalgia iyo dareenka dareenka daba dheeraada, hase yeeshee sheegashooyinkani ma aha mid cilmi-baaris caafimaad ah.
Glutamate iyo kuwa kale ee Neurotransmitters
Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad ka fekereyso sida maskaxdaagu ula tacaalayso heerarka sare ee glutamate. Waxay leedahay xal-kale neurotransmitter oo loo yaqaan GABA. Shaqada GABA waa inay dejiso maskaxda ka dib marka glutamate uu helo dhamaantood digaagay.
Waxaa muhiim u ah GABA iyo heerarka glutamate inay isku dheelitiraan midba midka kale, laakiin taasi badanaaba maaha kiiska jirrada glutamat-la xiriira.
Dadka kale ee neurotransmitters ee ku lug leh xaaladahaan waxaa ka mid ah:
Hannestad U, Theodorsson E, Evengård B. Wargeyska caalamiga ah ee kiimikada caafimaadka. 2007 Feb; 376 (1-2): 23-9. beta-Alanine iyo gamma-aminobutyric acid ee diiqada daba-dheeraaday.
Harris RE, et. al. Arthritis iyo laabotooyinka. 2009 Oktoobar; 60 (10): 3146-52. Glutamate insulin sare ee fibromyalgia waxay la xiriirtaa xanuunka tijaabada ah.
Kuratsune H, Yamaguti K, Lindh G, et al. NeuroImage. > 2002 Nov; 17 (3): 1256-65. Gobollada maskaxda ee ku lug leh dareenka daal: hoos u dhigidda acetylcarnitine maskaxda.
> Martins DF, Siteneski A, Ludtke DD, et al. Cudurka neerobika ee molecular. 2016 Sep 13. [Epub ka hor daabac] Jimicsiga xoogga badan ee dabbaasha ayaa yaraynaya glutamate-nociception iyada oo la kiciyeynayo g-protein la isku dhexdhexaadiyay oo la joojiyo fosforylated protein kinase a.
Smith AK, Fang H, Whistler T, et al. Neuropsychobiology. > 2011; 64 (4): 183-94. Daraasooyinka qumman ee isku dhafan ayaa tilmaamaya ururada GRIK2 iyo NPAS2 leh cudurrada dabadheeraadka daba dheeraada.