Daaweynta HIV / AIDS

Dulmar Daaweynta HIV

Shaki kuma jiri karo in dawooyinka loo isticmaalo daaweynta HIV-ga ay si aad ah u korodhay tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Tani dhab ahaantii waa run markii la barbardhigo wakiilada jiilka ka sii sareeya ee qulqulka sare u leh sunta waxayna ahaayeen kuwo aad ugu nugul horumarka hore ee daawada iska caabinta. Waxyaabaha qaarkood ma ogaan karaan illaa iyo imika sida sayniska uu yimaado tan iyo 1996-kii, marka daaweynta sadex-daaweeyn ee ugu horreeya ay bedeshay kakanaanta dhabta ah ee faafa.

Intii ka horreysay 1996, celceliska muddada nolosha ee loogu talagalay haweeney 20 sano jir ah oo ku dhacday Maraykanka ayaa ahayd 17 sano. Maanta, daaweyn cusub oo cusub ayaa awood u leh in ay awood u yeeshaan in ay nolol maalmeedku u siman yihiin dadka guud ahaan marka ay ku faani karaan waxyeelada daroogada oo aad u yar iyo bixinta jadwalka daaweynta sida fudud hal kiniini maalin kasta.

Hase yeeshe, inkastoo horumarkan, in ka yar kala badh Americans ee hela daaweyntu waxay awoodaan inay gaaraan ujeedooyinka daaweynta, sababtoo ah inta badan qiyaasta daaweynta ama daaweynta iskaa wax u qabsashada ah.

• Miyuu Isticmaalaa Maandooriyaha Isticmaalida ee Aasaasiga ah ee Xuduudda Xiga ee Daaweynta HIV

• 4 Talooyin Ku Saabsan Daroogada HIV-ga La Qaban Karo

In badan oo ku saabsan weli waa xaqiiqda ah, ee 1.2 milyan oo Maraykan ah oo la nool HIV maanta, meel kasta oo u dhexeeya 20 ilaa 25 boqolkiiba ayaan weli la ogaado.

Ugu dambeyntii, daaweynta HIV waa wax ka badan kaniiniyada kaliya. Waxay ku saabsan tahay fahamka sida daroogooyinka u shaqeynayo iyo aqoonsashada waxa aad u baahan tahay inaad sameyso shakhsi ahaan si aad u gaarto natiijooyinka ugu fiican, haddii aad tahay qof cusub oo cudurka qaba ama dib-u-kicin leh daryeel.

Maxay Yihiin Mukhaadaraadka Antiretroviral?

HIV waxaa loo kala saaraa sidii loo yaqaan " retrovirus" , taas oo macnaheedu yahay in ay ka tarjumeyso sida fayrusyada kale u soo celiyaan. Halkii ay ka tiri lahaayeen xariirka hidaha ee DNA-ga ilaa RNA sida noolaha ugu nool noolaha, HIV wuxuu ka codeeyaa RNA ilaa DNA.

Iyadoo lagu aqoonsanayo hababka ay HIV-gu u sameyso, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay soo saareen daroogo awood u leh inay joojiyaan marxaladaha gaarka ah ee wareegga nolosha ee fayraska. Daawooyinkaas, oo aan u tixraacno sida antiretrovirals , ayaa loo isticmaalaa daaweyn isku dhafan si loo xakameeyo fayraska fayraska illaa heer aan loo aqoonsan karin.

Iyadoo ay si fiican wax ku ool u tahay, maandooriyeyaasha antiretroviral ma baabiinayaan fayraska, laakiin waxay hor istaagi karaan awoodda ay u leeyihiin in ay soo celiyaan. Sidan oo kale, habka difaaca jirka ayaa weli ah mid isdaba joog ah oo awood u leh inuu la dagaallamo cudurrada (oo loo yaqaan infekshinka fursadaha ) kaas oo ka soo bixi kara haddii difaaca difaaca uu khalkhal galo.

Sidee Ay Wax Kala Duwan U Dhaqmaan?

Daaweynta Antiretroviral wuxuu u shaqeeyaa kahortaga HIV isaga oo marin u ah marxaladaha muhiimka ah ee wareegga nolosha , oo si ballaaran loogu qeexay:

1. Xoojinta - marxaladda HIV-ku isu soo dhaweeyaa unugyada martigelinta
2. Fusion - marxaladda HIV-ga u galiyo xajinta unugyada iyo kaydka alaabta hidde-galineed ee unugyada martigelinta
3. Dib-u-celin-marin-marxaladda meesha RNA-ka ee fayruuska loo beddelo DNA
4. Is-dhexgelinta-marxaladda DNA-da DNA-ga ku dhex darayso nukleerka unugyada martida (iyadoo la isticmaalayo isdhexgalka enzym), si waxtar leh u afduubta mishiinka hidaha

1. Warqadda-marxaladda marka HIV ay isticmaasho qalabkaas si loo abuuro dhismaha dhismooyinka fayraska cusub
2. Kulanka-marxaladda meesha fayruuska aan qaangaarka aheyn la isku duwo oo loo wareejiyo dusha sare ee qolka martida
3. Dareemista iyo kobcinta-marxaladda fayrusku macno ahaan ka soo baxdo unuga martida ee isticmaalaya enzyme protease si loo abuuro fayruus buuxa

Isticmaalka isku-dar ah daroogooyinka (taasoo joojinaysa laba ama in ka badan marxaladda wareegga nolosha), awoodda HIV-ga ee dib-u-soo-celinta waa mid gebi ahaanba la joojiyay, iyada oo kaliya fayrasyo ​​dhowr ah oo yaryar oo awood u leh inay ka baxsadaan kuna wareegaan si xor ah dhiigga.

Fasallada daawooyinka Antiretroviral

Hadda waxaa jira shan nooc oo daawooyinka antiretroviral ah, mid kasta oo lagu tilmaamo heerka wareegga nolosha ee ay ka hortagaan:

1. Ka hortagga Fusion
2. Nucleoside celinta transcriptase
3. Kaabayaasha dib u celinta transcriptase aan-nukleoside
4. Xoojinta isdhexgalka
5. Kaadi-saareyaasha xaddidan

Shanta nooc ee shantaas ah, waxaa jira 39 daawo oo noocyo kala duwan oo daawada antiretroviral ah oo ay ansixisay Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka ee Mareykanka, oo ay ku jiraan 12 isku-darka daaweynta loo yaqaan (FDC) oo ay ku jiraan laba ama in ka badan daroogo.

Sababta Daaweynta Nabdoonaanta Loo Shaqeeyo

HIV wuxuu caadi ahaan ka kooban yahay nooca fayraska asaasiga ah (oo la yiraahdo "fayruska caanaha") iyo sidoo kale jahwareerka fayraska , mid kasta oo leh saxiixyo hidde ah oo u gaar ah iyo is-waafajin. Daaweynta isku dhafka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la xakameeyo inta badan noocyada kala duwan kuwan suurtogalka ah si ay u noqoto meesha uu xaddiga fayruska loo arko in aan la ogaan karin .

Marka la isku daro, daroogada antiretroviral waxay u shaqaysaa wax ka mid ah kooxda "tag tag". Haddii daroogada A, tusaale ahaan, aysan awoodin in ay xakamayso nooc kale oo ay ku dhufato marxaladda wareegga nolosha, markaa daroogada B iyo C waxay sida caadiga ah dhamaystiri kartaa shaqada iyaga oo weerara marxalad kale.

Baaritaanka iska caabinida hiddaha waxaa isticmaala dhakhaatiirta si ay u gartaan noocyada iyo darajooyinka isbeddellada ka dhex jira dadkaaga viral. Iyadoo lagu saleynayo natiijooyinka baaritaanka, daaweynta ayaa loo diyaarin karaa si daawada loo qoro ma saameyn karto oo keliya saameynta fayruuska dhamaystiran oo kaliya laakiin sidoo kale ka soo kabashada isku-baddelada daawada u adkaysata daawooyinka ee laga yaabo inay ku jiraan dadka ku jira viral.

Goorma Bilaabi Daaweeynta Antiretroviral?

Bishii Maajo 2014, Waaxda Caafimaadka iyo Adeegyada Dadweynaha ee Maraykanka (DHHS) waxay dib u eegtay xeerarka daweynta HIV-ga, oo ku talinaysa hirgelinta daweynta dhammaan dadka qaangaarka ah ee laga helay HIV, iyada oo aan loo eegeynin CD4 tirooyinka ama heerka cudurka .

• Sidee Hoos-u-Celinta Qabanqaabooyinka ah Waxay noqon kartaa Hooyga Xiga ee Ka Hortagga HIV-ga

• Daklinza (daclatasvir) Cagaarshow C Macluumaadka Daroogada

Waagii hore, daaweynta waxaa lagu taliyey oo kaliya marka lakala xisaabiyo CD4 ee ka hooseeya heerka 500 unug / mL.

Go'aanka DHHS waxaa taageeray caddaynta in daaweynta hore ay la xiriirto dhowr natiijo oo wanaagsan, kuwaas oo ah:

• Hoos u dhigista khatarta cudurada la xiriira infekshinka HIV
• Hoos-u-dhac ku yimaada halista gudbinta hooyada ilaa ilmaha
• Yareynta halista HIV-ga

Talo-bixinta dambe ayaa lagu taageeray caddayn ah in daaweynta antiretrovoviral si aad ah u yareeyn karto infakshanka qofka qaba HIV, oo ah istaraatijiyad loo yaqaan ' Treatment as Prevention' (ama TasP) . Waxaa sidoo kale la muujiyey in dadka la siiyo daaweynta hore ee HIV-ga ay 53 boqolkiiba ay u badantahay in ay ku dhacdo jirro halis ah , HIV-ga iyo HIV-ga la xidhiidha labadaba.

Taas bedelkeeda, dib u dhigista daaweynta illaa qofkii CD4 uu ka hooseeyo 200 (heerka cudurka AIDS-ka loo yaqaan) wuxuu yareeyn karaa rajada nolosha qofka ee celcelis ahaan 15 sano.

Maxay Mukhaadaradu Meel Ayaan Bixin Karaa?

Inkasta oo tilmaamaha daaweyntu ay si joogto ah isbeddelayaan ayna u kobcinayaan sii deynta daroogooyinka cusub ama macluumaadka sayniska, jirkeena sayniska ee hadda wuxuu u doodayaa isticmaalka jiilka cusub ee isdhexgalka iyo daawooyinka nucleoside ee daaweynta safka hore.

Ujeedada daaweynta safka hore waa in la qoro daawooyinka soo bandhigaya jadwalka daaweynta ugu fudud, waxyeelada ugu yar, iyo halista ugu hooseysa ee horumarinta daawada daroogada. Maanta, isku dhafka daawooyinka badan ayaa la heli karaa kiniin keliya hal mar, hal mar habeyn maalin kasta ah, taas oo si weyn u wanaajin karta awooda qofka ee lagu hayo heerarka xajinta ee fure u ah guusha daaweynta.

Tani waxay si gaar ah muhiim u tahay maaddada cilmi baarista ee hadda jirta ay soo jeedineyso in dadka daaweyntu u baahan yihiin in ay sii wadaan in ka badan 90% raacitaanka si loo gaaro yoolalka ugu wanaagsan ee daaweynta.

Wax dheeraad ah ka baro talooyinka daaweynta ee hadda ay bixiso Waaxda Caafimaadka ee Mareykanka iyo Adeegyada Aadanaha ee dadka waaweyn ee la nool HIV.

Maxaa Dhaca Haddii Daaweyntu Ku Fashilanto?

Haddii loo qaato sida loo qoray, dawooyinka dawooyinka antiretrovoviral waa in ay si buuxda u shaqeeyaan shan, 10, ama xataa 15 sano. Tani waxay ka duwanaan kartaa qof ka qof, dabcan, iyadoo ku xiran noocyada fayraska mid ayaa la qaadaa. Haseyeeshe, guud ahaan wuxuu ku hadlaa, mudada daaweynta waxtarkeedu si toos ah ula xidhiidha heerka xajmiga qofka uu awoodo inuu ku guulaysto.

Ku guuldareysiga ilaalinta fayraska wuxuu u ogolaanayaa fayrusku inuu si xor ah u soo celiyo, isagoo isku-beddelidda is-bedbeddelka daawada u adkeysta awooda inuu ku koro oo uu noqda mid kala duwan . Marka tani dhacdo, daaweyntu waxay noqonaysaa wax yar oo aan waxtar lahayn waxayna ugu dambeyntii joojisaa shaqada oo dhan. Tan waxaa loo yaqaanaa daaweyn la'aan .

Marxaladdan, dhakhaatiirtu waxay u baahnaan doonaan inay sameeyaan tijaabooyin u adkaysta hiddo-wadaha si ay u aqoonsadaan sida loo ballaadhiyo adkaynta dawada. Xaaladaha qaarkood, iska caabin waxay saameyn kartaa hal ama laba daroogo; kuwa kale, fasallada oo dhan waxaa laga yaabaa inay noqdaan kuwo aan waxtar lahayn. Daaweynta ayaa markaa u baahan doonta in dib loo eego si looga sii wanaajiyo dhibaatooyinkaan iyada oo la xalinaysa caqabadaha u hoggaansan ee keeni kara daaweyn la'aanta meesha ugu horeysa.

Baro wax badan oo ku saabsan talooyinka iyo tabaha si aad u ilaaliso adkaanta daaweynta HIV-ga.

Sababta Maxay uga Hortagtaa HIV-ga?

Inkastoo antiretrovirals ay awoodaan in ay xakameyaan fayraska fayraska, waxay ugu horreyntii sameeyaan fayras si xor ah u wareegaya dheecaanka jirka.

Dadka ku jira fayruuska, fayraska fayruuska ah, oo loo yaqaan ' looyaqaan' , ayaa awood u leh in ay isku laabaan unugyada iyo unugyada jidhka oo loo yaqaanno kaydka qarsoon . Halkii ay ka tarjumi lahaayeen oo ka soo baxayaan unugyada cudurka qaba, HIV-da ayaa lagu kala qaybiyaa oo isku duubnaadaa iyada oo lala socdo unuga martida, oo aan lagu ogaan habka difaaca jirka. Waxay ku sii jiri kartaa dawadan muddo sanado ah iyo xitaa tobanaan sano, oo kaliya in dib loo soo saaro marka daaweyn la joojiyo ama caddayn waxtar la'aan.

Ilaa inta cilmi-baadhayaashu ay awoodaan in ay "kufsadaan" fayrasta ka baxsan kaydadka qarsoodiga ah, kartida wakiil kasta oo gabi ahaanba cirib tiraya HIV-da waa mid aan suuragal ahayn, haddii aan macquul ahayn.

_Ilaha:

_{Waaxda Caafimaadka iyo Adeegyada Dadka (DHHS). " Tilmaamaha Isticmaalka Aaladaha Antiretroviral ee Dadka qaba HIV-1-Infekshan Dadka waaweyn iyo Dhalinyarada." Rockville, Maryland; updated July 14, 2016.}

_{Hogg, R .; Althoff, K.; Samji, H .; et al. "Xiritaanka Gap: kordhinta rajada nolosha ee ka dhexjirta shakhsiyaadka qaba HIV-ga ee ku nool Maraykanka iyo Kanada, 2000-2007." Shirkii 7aad ee Cudurka Caalamiga ah ee AIDS-ka (IAS) ee ku saabsan cudurka pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Juun 30-Julaay 3, 2013; Abuuro TuPE260.}

_{Skarbinski, J .; Furlow-Parmley, C .; iyo Frazie, E. "Qaran ahaan Qaran ee Tirada Cudurka HIV + Dadka Qaadashada Daryeel Caafimaad, Lagu Qoray ART, iyo Dajinta Fayraska - Nidaamka Kormeerka Caafimaadka, 2009 ilaa 2010-US." Shirka 19aad ee Retroviruses iyo Caabuqyada Fursadaha (CROI); Seattle, Washington; Maarso 8, 2013; sireed afka ah # 138.}

_{Kitahata, M .; Gange, S .; Abraham, A., et al. "Saameynta horay loo daweyn jiray daaweynta antiretroviral ee daaweynta HIV ee badbaadada." Somali Journal of Medicine. Abriil 30, 2009; 360 (18): 1815-1826.}

_{Sax, P .; Meyers, J .; Mugavero, M., iyo al. "Ku adkaysiga daaweynta Antiretroviral iyo iswaafajinta Khatarta Isbitaaleynta ee Bukaannada Caymiska Ganacsiga ee Waddanka Maraykanka." Toban Dhexe Caalamiga ah oo ku saabsan Daaweynta Dawooyinka ee HIV-ga. Nofeembar 8, 2010; Glasgow; Abaalmarinta Afka ah # 0113.}