Sida Loo-shaqeeyaha Isku-dhafka Isku-Bixin Karo HIV-ga
Shaki kuma jiro in daawooyinka loo isticmaalo in lagu daaweeyo HIV-da ay si aad ah u korodho 20kii sano ee la soo dhaafey. Waxyaabaha qaarkood ma ogaan karaan sida daawooyinka dawooyinka antiretrovovirus ay soo fiicnaadeen illaa 1996-kii markii daaweynta saddex-biloodlaha ah ee daawada ee isbeddelka ah ee isbeddelka maskaxda.
Taariikhda Gaaban ee Daaweynta Antiretroviral
Ka hor intii aan la gaarin 1996, celceliska noolaanshaha qofka 20 jirka ah ee cusub ee qaba cudurka HIV wuxuu ahaa 17 sano.
Inkasta oo daawooyinka antiretrovoviral ee waqtigaa ay u suurtogashay in uu cudurku yareeyo, daawada iska caabin degdeg ah ayaa si dhakhso ah loo kobciyay, dadkuna badanaaba waxay heli karaan wax yar, mid kastoo, doorashooyin daaweyn ka dib dhowr sano oo yar.
Isla mar ahaantaana, culeyska kiniinka maalinlaha ahi wuu yaabi karaa. Xaaladaha qaarkood, qof ayaa la kulmi doona 30 kiniin ama kabadan maalintii, inta badan ayaa la qaadaa saacadaha afar illaa lix saacadood.
Kadib, sannadkii 1995, nooc cusub oo daroogo ah ayaa loo yaqaan 'protease inhibitor'. Sannad ka dib, saddex daraasadood oo kala duwan ayaa la xaqiijiyay in isticmaalka daaweyn saddex-daaweyn ah ay si buuxda u xakameyn karto fayraska ayna joojin karto cudurku inuu sii socdo .
Laba sano oo gaaban, hirgelinta daaweynta isku dhafan waxay dhalisay 60 boqolkiiba hoos u dhaca dhimashada HIV iyo cudurada la xiriira. Muujintani waxa ay ka dhigtay waxa loo yaqaanno da'da HAART (daaweynta firfircoon ee firfircoon).
Horumarinta Daaweynta isku dhafka
Inkasta oo aaney jirin caqabado, daaweynta casriga casriga ee casriga ah ayaa sii ballaarisay meesha ay daroogada daroogadu ay tahay hooskii maadada ay u isticmaaleen.
Cadaadiska daroogada guud ahaan wuu ka gaabiyaa inuu kobciyo halka daaweyntu u baahan tahay wax yar hal kiniini maalin kasta.
Tan ugu muhiimsan, iyada oo si habboon loo daaweynayo, qof cusub oo qaba cudurka HIV wuxuu filan karaa inuu ku raaxaysto nolol caadi ah oo caadi ah . Sida laga soo xigtay Ururka Wadajirka Cudurka AIDS-ka ee Waqooyiga Ameerika ee Cilmi-baarista iyo Naqshadeynta, 20-sano jirka ah ee uu ku dhacay cudurkaasi maanta wuxuu si fiican u badbaadin karaa 70-kii sano iyo wixii ka dambeeya.
Sidee Kufsigu u shaqeynayaa?
Daawooyinka Antiretrovoviral ma shaqeeyaan si firfircoon u dilida fayraska. Taa bedelkeeda, waxay bartilmaameedsanayaan marxaladaha kala duwan ee wareegga nolosha . Marka sidaas la sameeyo, fayrusku ma awoodo inuu dib u soo celiyo oo uu nuqul ka samaysto. Haddii daaweyntu sii socoto oo aan kala go 'lahayn, dadka cudurka viral ayaa hoos u dhigi doona dhibic halkaasoo loo arko in aan la ogaan karin .
Sababtoo ah fayruska aan la dilin, waxay dib u soo noqon kartaa (dib u soo kabasho) haddii daaweyntu si lama filaan ah u joojiso. Isku mid ayaa dhici karta haddii daawooyinku aysan si joogta ah u qorin. Waqti ka dib, qiyaasta daaweyn la'aanta waxay keeni kartaa hormarinta daawada daroogada iyo ugu dambeyntii daaweynta khasaare .
Fasallada daawooyinka Antiretroviral
Isku-darka daaweynta HIV-ga wuxuu shaqeeyaa isagoo xannibaya dhowr marxaladood oo ah wareegga nolosha HIV-ga mar keliya. Hadda waxaa jira shan nooc oo daawooyinka antiretroviral ah, mid kasta oo lagu tilmaamo heerka wareegga nolosha ee ay ka hortagaan:
- Ka hortagayaasha galitaanka
- Nucleoside celinta transcriptase
- Kaabayaasha dib u celinta transcriptase aan-nukleoside
- Xoojinta isdhexgalka
- Kaadi-saareyaasha xaddidan
Dhammaantood waxay sheegeen, in ay jiraan 39 dawo oo kala duwan oo daawada antiretroviral ah oo ay ansixiyeen Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka ee Mareykanka, oo ay ku jiraan 12 daawo oo isku-dar ah (FDC) oo ay ku jiraan laba ama in ka badan oo daroogo ah.
Daawooyin cusub oo cusub, ayaa la soo saarey kaas oo yarayn doona daawada sadexdan daroogo ah ilaa laba daroogo.
Noocyo kale ayaa isla markiiba oggolaan kara mudo bil ah ama sadex jeer hal mar oo irbado ah halkii aad ka qaadan lahayd kaniiniyada maalinlaha ah.
Sababta Daaweynta Nabdoonaanta Loo Shaqeeyo
Marka la isku daro, daawooyinka antiretroviral waxay u shaqeeyaan sida kooxda kooxeed ee biochemical oo awood u leh inay si wax ku ool ah u baddasho dad badan oo isku dhafan oo fayras ah oo ka dhex dhici kara HIV. Haddii daroogada A aysan awoodin in la xakameeyo isbeddellada qaarkood, markaa daroogooyinka B iyo C waxay badanaaba sameeyn karaan calool-xumada.
Tijaabooyinka isdabajooga ah ee genetic waxay bixisaa dhakhaatiirta qalabka loo baahan yahay si loo ogaado isbeddellada iska caabida ka hor inta aan la bilaabin daaweynta, Dhaqtarku waxa uu daaweyn karaa daaweynta adigoo qaadanaya daawooyinka ugu awoodda badan ee awood u leh inay ku xakameeyaan mutawacyadaas.
Iyadoo la ilaalinayo dadka fayraska ah inay si buuxda u xakameynayaan, maaha oo kaliya maandooriyayaashu u shaqeeyaan wakhti dheer, waxaa jira guud ahaan waxyeellooyin yar.
Waxyaabaha lidka ku ah ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in lagu yareeyo khatarta HIV ee ka imanaysa hooyada ilaa ilmaheeda , si looga hortago caabuqa ka dib marka uu shilku dhaco , ama ka caawiyo qof HIV-diid ah inuu iska ilaaliyo qaadista cudurka .
> Ilo:
> Hogg, R .; Samji, H .; Cescon, A., et al. "Isbedelada ku Meel Gaarka ah ee Nolosha ee HIV + Shakhsiyaadka: Waqooyiga Ameerika." Shirka 19aad ee Retroviruses iyo Caabuqyada Fursadaha (CROI). March 7, 2013; Seattle; hadal afka ah 137.
> Kitahata, M .; Gange, S .; Abraham, A., et al. "Saameynta horay loo daweyn jiray daaweynta antiretroviral ee daaweynta HIV ee badbaadada." Somali Journal of Medicine. Abriil 30, 2009; 360 (18): 1815-1826.
> Sax, P .; Meyers, J .; Mugavero, M., iyo al. "Ku adkaysiga daaweynta Antiretroviral iyo iswaafajinta Khatarta Isbitaaleynta ee Bukaannada Caymiska Ganacsiga ee Waddanka Maraykanka." Toban Dhexe Caalamiga ah oo ku saabsan Daaweynta Dawooyinka ee HIV-ga. Nofeembar 8, 2010; Glasgow; soo bandhigid afka ah 0113.
> Waaxda Caafimaadka ee Mareykanka iyo Adeegyada Dadweynaha (DHHS). "Tilmaamaha loogu talagalay isticmaalka wakiilka Antiretroviral ee dadka qaba cudurka HIV-1 ee dadka waaweyn iyo kuwa qaangaarka ah." Rockville, Maryland; updated July 14, 2016.