Ogaanshaha Calaamadaha waa Talaabada Koowaad ee looga Hortago
Calaamadaha HIV-ga waxay kala duwan yihiin waxayna ku kala duwan yihiin heerka infekshanka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah calaamadaha la xidhiidha infekshin hore waxay sabab u tahay jawaabta jidhka ee fayruska lafteeda, kaas oo nidaamka difaaca jidhku uu keeno joogitaanka wakiilka ajnabiga ah. Calaamadaha ayaa ah, markaa, natiijada ka dhalata caabuqa dhacaya marka jirku si firfircoon ula dagaallamo jeermis.
Calaamadaha marxaladda dambe ee xanuunku way ka duwan yihiin. Kuwani waxay dhacaan marka HIV ay si tartiib tartiib ah u yareyso nidaamka difaaca jidhka, taas oo yareyneysa awooddeeda ay kula dagaalameyso infekshanka dibadda. Hoos u dhigista jawaab celinta difaaca jirka, khatarta ugu weyn (iyo qiyaasta) ee infakshanka suurtagalka ah. Calaamadaha ayaa ah, sidaa darteed, HIV-micnaheedu waa marka la eego HIV-ga siinta fursadaha cudur-sidaha infekshanka, calaamaduhu waxay ka dhalanayaan infekshan gaar ah ee firfircoonida (OI) .
Muddada Waqtiga
Marka qofku ku dhaco HIV, fayrasku wuxuu marayaa marxaladda mudada u dhaxeysa hal ilaa saddex toddobaad. Inta lagu jiro waqtigan, maadaama fayrusku si dhakhso ah u faafo jidhka, habka difaaca jidhku wuxuu dhaliyaa jawaab ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo difaac difaac ah. Noocyada difaaca jirka waxaa loo isticmaalaa habka difaaca jirka si loo aqoonsado lana takhaluso cudurada keena cudurada sida HIV.
Imtixaanka casriga ee casriga ah wuxuu ku tiirsan yahay jiritaanka unugyada difaaca jirka (ama isku-darka antibodies iyo antigens) si loo xaqiijiyo in infekshanku dhacay.
Haddii baaritaanka HIV-ga la sameeyo waqti hore, inta lagu jiro xilliga loo yaqaanno daaqadda , maqnaanshaha unugyada difaaca waxay ku siin karaan natiijo been abuur ah oo been abuur ah.
Seroconversion Cilad-celin ah
Xilliga kabuubka waxaa si deg deg ah loo raacaa marxaladda seroconversion ee degdega ah, kaas oo difaaca difaaca jidhku si firfircoon u firfircoon yahay loona dagaalamo fayraska infekshanka.
Calaamadaha la socda seroconversion waxay noqon karaan kuwa sahlan oo si sahlan loogu qaldo hargabka. Qaar ka mid ah, xaqiiqda, ma jiraan wax calaamado ah. Dadka kale, si kastaba ha ahaatee, saameyntu waxay noqon kartaa mid aad u muuqda oo muddo dheer soconaya. Qiyaastii kala bar dadka qaba HIV-ga cusub ayaa la kulmi doona calaamadaha soo socda inta lagu jiro xilliga xakameynta degdegga ah:
- Qandho
- Madax xanuun
- Dhidid habeenkii ah
- Malaise
- Myalgia (xanuunka muruqa ama xanuunka)
- Finan (sida cambaarta-sida muuqaalka iyo sida caadiga ah loo qaybiyo qaybaha sare ee jirka iyo / ama calaacalaha gacmaha)
Calaamadaha kale waxaa ka mid ah dhuun xanuun, neefsasho afka / nabaro ah, arthralgia (xanuunka wadar), iyo lymphadenopathy (bararka qanjidhada). Calaamadahaan badankood waxay xallin doonaan hal usbuuc illaa qiyaas ahaan celcelis ahaan, halka lymfadenopathy ay mararka qaar sii jiri karto.
AIDS-ka (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
AIDS-ka (ama helitaanka difaaca difaaca jirka) waa marxaladda caabuqa ee nidaamka difaaca jirku uu hoos u dhaco, taas oo u oggolaanaysa horumarinta cudurrada jidhka oo si kale looga hortagi karo.
Ugu horreyntii waxaa loo hirgeliyaa si loo ilaaliyo cudurka, AIDS waxaa lagu qeexay Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Ka Hortagga Cudurrada sida qof qaba HIV
- tirada CD4 ee ka yar 200 unug kasta oo mikroliter (μL), iyo / ama;
- Xaaladaha qaarkood ee la xiriira HIV iyo astaamaha.
Xaaladahaan "xaaladaha qaarkood" waxay ka kooban yihiin cuduro sambab, nudheello, iyo caloosha iyo sidoo kale kansarrada iyo cudurrada kale ee saameyn kara kuwa leh habdhiska difaaca jirka.
Waxaa hadda jira 25 ka mid ah xaaladaha degdega ah ee AIDS-ka ee soo bandhigi kara marxaladaha kala duwan ee infekshinka, inta badan waxay ka sarreysaa heerarka CD4 ee 200 unugyada / μL. Haddii aan si dhakhso ah loola dhaqmin daaweynta antiretroviral , dadka qaba AIDS-ka ayaa guud ahaan ku noolaanaya qiyaastii seddex sano oo celcelis ah.
Caabuqyada Wanaagsan ee laga helo CD4 Count
Tirada CD4 waa hab ay ku cabbiraan awoodda difaaca jidhka sida ay go'aamiyeen tirada unugyada difaaca CD4.
Sida caadiga ah, dadka qaba CD4 oo tiradoodu ka badan tahay 500 oo unug / MA ayaa u yareeya cudurka.
Nidaamka CD4 caadi ah wuxuu u dhexeeyaa meel kasta inta u dhaxaysa inta u dhexeysa 500 ilaa 1600 unugyada / μL. Marka lambarku ka hoos maro 500, suurtagalnimada caabuqku wuxuu kordhi doonaa caqabadaha difaaca si tartiib tartiib ah u dhicin. Caabuqyadaas, ee ku taxan tirinta CD4, ayaa ku jiri kara kuwan soo socda.
Tirinta CD4 inta u dhexeysa 500 illaa 250 unugyada / μL:
- Candidiasis (oo ay ku jiraan jirrada afka iyo caabuqa khamiirka)
- Kaposi's sarcoma (lafaha maqaarka ama lafdhabarta maqaarka uu sababo fayraska HHV-8)
- Afka timaha ee timirta ah (xanuun cad, timo leh oo ay keento Epstein-Barr virus)
- Herpes zoster (shingles)
- Herpes simplex
- Bakteeriya oof-wareen (oo ka soo horjeeda oof-wareenka)
- Qaaxada (ama tiibaydu, infakshanka bakteeriyada hawadu sida caadiga ah waxay ku kooban tahay sanbabada)
Tirinta CD4 inta u dhexeysa 250 illaa 100 unug / xaji:
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP, infakshanka fungal ee sanbabada)
- Kansarka ku dhaca makaanka afkiisa
- Coccidioidomycosis (fayruska hawada iyo hawo-carrada ee dhasha fangal, sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'Valley Fever')
- Tiibishada sambabulmoner (qaaxada oo soo bandhigta meel ka baxsan sanbabada)
- Salmonella septicaemia (jirka oo dhan oo keena salmonella dhiig)
- Esophageal candidiacis (cirridka hunguriga)
Tirinta CD4 inta u dhaxaysa 100 illaa 50 unug / xaji:
- Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin (ama NHL; koox kansar ah oo ku dhaca unugyada dhiigga cad)
- Toxoplasmosis (fayraska protozoan ee saameyn kara qaybo kala duwan oo jirka ah)
- Encephalopathy (oo loo yaqaanno xeeldheerta AIDS)
- Cudurka fayruska ( multilocal leukoencephalopathy) (PML, caabuq fayras ah oo maskaxda ah)
- Cryptococcosis (cudur fangas ah oo saameyn kara qaybo kala duwan oo jirka ah)
- Cystoisoporiasis (infakshanka xagjirka ah ee mindhicirka)
Tirada CD4 ee ka hooseeya 50 unug / xaji:
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV, fayras herpes-type oo saameyn kara xiidanka ama indhaha)
- Cudurka Mycobacterium avium (MAC, infakshanka bakteeriyada inta badan ku dhaca sanbabada ama mindhicirka)
- Histoplasmosis (cudur fangas ah oo badanaa ku dhaca sanbabada)
- Lymphoma-da caadiga ah (kansarka saameynaya habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha)
- Cudurka HIV-ga laf-dhabarka (laf-dhabarka, miisaan culus oo la socda daciifnimo iyo shuban joogto ah)
Khadadka hoose
Astaamaha iyo calaamadaha aan lahayn - waxay calaamad u tahay in infekshanka HIV uu dhacay. Haddii aad ka shakisan tahay in lagaa qaaday cudurka, u tag cusbataalka kuugu dhow, rugta caafimaadka ama xarunta-socodka baaritaanka HIV.
Marka la baaro horaanta iyo fulinta daaweynta HIV ee cudurka , baaritaanka dadka qaba HIV waxay si weyn u yareyn kartaa khatarta cudurada la xiriira HIV iyada oo kor u qaadaysa suurtogalnimada in ay caadi noqoto nolol caadi ah .
> Ilo:
Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada (CDC). "1993 Nidaamka Nidaamka Kala-duwanaanshaha ee Hurgunka HIV iyo Kormeerka Kormeerka Kordhinta Qeexidda Cilmi-baadhista AIDS-ka ee Dhalinyarada iyo Dadka waaweyn." Mortality iyo Mordidity Weekly Report. Diisambar 18, 1992; 41 (RR-17).
Waaxda Caafimaadka iyo Adeegyada Dadka (DHHS). "Tilmaamaha Isticmaalka Wakiilada Antiretroviral ee dadka waaweyn ee qaba HIV iyo 1-jirrada." Rockville, Maryland.
Kooxda Daraasada INSIGHT START. Daaweynta Antiretroviral Therapy ee Early Asymptomatic HIV Infekshanka. " Journal of New England Journal of Medicine July 20, 2015; DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.