Caabuqa Caadiga Ah ee Cudurka Dabeeciga ah ee Nolosha Nolosha Ku ah Dadka qaba HIV
Toxoplasmosis waa cudur isdil ah oo ay sababto gofka Protozoan Goksida ( T. gondii ). Marka uu saameeyo maskaxda (cerebral toxoplasmosis), waxaa loo tixgelinayaa xaalad cudurka AIDS-ka ah ee Xarumaha Xakameynta iyo Ka Hortagga Cudurrada.
Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in ku dhawaad 22% dadweynaha Mareykanka ay ku dhacdo T. gondii . In ka badan 200,000 oo xaalado ah ayaa la soo sheegaa sannad kasta, taasoo keentay in ku dhawaad 750 dhimasho - taasoo ka dhigeysa sababta labaad ee ugu badan ee keenta cudurrada cuntada ka dhasha ee ka dambeeya sunta Salmonella .
Heerarka asaasiga ah ee Afrika, Koonfur Bari Asiya, Laatiin Ameerika, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Bartamaha iyo Bariga Yurub ayaa si fiican u socon kara 50%.
Tan iyo 1980-yadii, waxaa jiray hoos u dhac ku yimid infekshanka T. gondii ee Maraykanka, sababtoo ah ugu horreyntii isbadalada xagjirnimada ee nidaamka beeraha iyo maareynta ammaanka cuntada. Intaa waxaa dheer, khatarta ah in toxoplasmosis uu hoos u dhaco dadka la nool HIV iyada oo ay sabab u tahay daaweyn antiretroviral ah oo daaweyn ah iyo isticmaalka dawooyinka prophylactic ee ka hortagi kara horumarka infakshanka T. gondii .
Noocyada Gudbinta
T. gondii wuxuu kufsi karaa dabeecadaha diirran ee ugu da'da yar, laakiin waxay si gaar ah ugu baahdaan bisadaha. Gudbinta waxaa inta badan sababa:
- Gacan-si-afka-afka-taabasho leh meelaha ama alaabooyinka lagu sumeeyay maqaayadda bisadaha ama qashinka
- Cunista hilibka T. Gondii- jeermiska
- U gudbinta hooyada ilaa ilmuhu uurka ku jiro
Naas-nuujinta looma tixgelin karo qaab isugeyn ah.
Calaamadaha Toxoplasmosis
Bini'aadamka, badi infakshanka waa asymptomatic ama ay la socdaan calaamado khafiif ah, oo ah calaamado hargab, oo badanaa la socda qanjirada qanjirada ( lymphadenopathy ). Si kastaba ha noqotee, difaaca jirka ayaa hoos u dhacaya-gaar ahaan dadka qaba HIV-ga qaba CD4 ka hooseeya 100 unug / infekshanka uL-wuxuu noqon karaa mid aad u daran.
Haddii aan la daaweynin, toxoplasmosis wuxuu keeni karaa infekshan daran (maskaxda maskaxda) iyo dhaawac xagga dambe leh. Calaamadaha ugu caansan ee neerfaha waa hadalka iyo mishiinka. Cudurrada suuxdinta leh, qalalaasaha, meningitis-ka , nermam-optic, iyo cudurrada maskaxda ayaa badanaa la arkaa.
Toxoplasmosis waxay sidoo kale dhaawici kartaa sanbabada, taas oo keenta infakshanka sambabada sida calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha kuwaas oo badanaa aan laga soo qaadan karin PCP ( pneumocystis pneumonia ). Xaaladaha daran, toxoplasmosis waxay ku faafi kartaa maskaxda iyo sanbabada si ay u saameeyaan beerka, dhuuxa lafta iyo wadnaha.
Toxoplasmosis ee Uurka
T. gondii waxay sababi kartaa dhaawac halis ah si loo horumariyo uurjiifka, badanaa waxay keenaysaa naafonimada maskaxda iyo jirka. Inkasta oo ilmaha intiisa badani ku dhaco T. gondii ay muuqan doonaan asymptomatic, calaamadaha ayaa u muuqda in ay horumaraan sanadaha dambe.
Mid ka mid ah daraasad dhowaan ay samaysay Jaamacadda Western Reserve University ayaa muujisay, in haweenka qaba infekshanka HIV-ga, waxaa jiray saddex laab oo kordhinaya halista ah in hooyadu u gudbiso ilmo.
Ciladeynta Xanuunka Toxoplasmosis
Baadhitaanka cudurka toxoplasmosis waxaa taageersan dib-u-eegis ku saabsan astaamaha calaamadaha iyo astaamaha, oo ay la socdaan falanqaynta dhiiga ama unugyada unugyada. Imtixaan sahlan oo la yiraahdo genetic test oo loo yaqaan PCR (reaction reaction chain polymerase) ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu ogaado jiritaanka unugyada difaaca jirka ee dhiiga ama dheecaannada jirka kale.
(Haddii ay dhacdo infekshan dhawaan dhacday PCR waxaa laga yaabaa inaanay awood u laheyn inuu ogaado caabuqa T. gondii illaa siddeed usbuuc inta lagu jiro mudadaas ee loo yaqaan ' window window' , waxaa laga yaabaa in loo baahdo in PCR-yada loo xaqiijiyo caabuq, ugu yaraan saddex toddobaad kala bax.)
In kastoo laga jaray mindhicirka mindhicirka maskaxda xajmiga maskaxda, ayaa sanadihii ugu dambeeyay waxaa badi lagu bedelay MRI ama CT scan si loo xaqiijiyo joogitaanka maskaxda maskaxda, oo ay ku xigto baaritaan yar oo PCR ah.
Daweynta Toxoplasmosis
Daaweynta waxaa lagula talinayaa dadka qaba HIV-ga qaba CD4 in ka yar 200, marka nidaamka difaaca jidhkiisu uusan awoodin inuu la dagaalamo cudurka.
Xaaladahan, Trimethoprin / sulfamethoxale (co-trimoxazole) badanaa waa daawada xulashada kahortaga ka hortagga.
Cudurka firfircoon, daawooyinka soo socda ayaa laga yaabaa in loo qoro:
- Isku dar ah Daraprim (pyrimethamine) iyo sulfadiazine (antibiotic-ku salaysan sulfa), oo lagu daro folinic acid
- Clindamycin (antibiyootiko loo isticmaalo daawaynta caabuqyada bakteeriyada iyo protozoan)
- Spiramycin (oo weli lagu tijaabiyey tijaabada Maraykanka, inkastoo ay heli karto ogolaansho gaar ah oo FDA ah inta lagu jiro seddexda bilood ee ugu horreysa ee uurka)
- Mepron (atavaquone)
- Isku dar ah Clindamycin iyo Meprone
Sannadkii 2015, soo-saaraha daroogada Daraprim (Turing Pharmaceuticals) ayaa ku mashquulsanaa muran ka dib markii uu madaxweyne, Martin Shkreli, isku dayey inuu kor u qaado qiimaha 5000%, laga bilaabo $ 13.50 kiniini ah ilaa $ 750 per kiniini.
Ka hortagga infakshanka T. gondii
Xanuunada difaaca jirka ee aadka u daran (CD4 tiradoodu ka yar tahay 100) ama haweenka uurka leh ee qaba HIV, taxadar gaar ah ayaa lagula talin karaa in la yareeyo khatarta infakshanka T. gondii . Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:
- Qaadashada qof kale ayaa baddelaya qashinka miisaanka ama xirashada labo gacmo gashi gacmaha ah marka aad sidaas samaynayso. Si fiican u dhaq gacmahaaga, kadibna ha ku keydin sanduuqaaga mugdiga ah ee ku yaalla ama u dhow jikada. Haddii ay suurtagal tahay, ku hay kalluunkaaga gudaha.
- Cunto karitaanka heerkulka amaanka, iyada oo hubinaysa in hilibka aanuu casaan lahayn oo casiirkuna cad yahay. Peel iyo dhaq miraha iyo khudaarta markasta oo ay macquul tahay.
- Gashashada gacmo gashiga mar kasta oo beerta ama beerta la shaqeyso, si fiican u dhaqo gacmo gashi iyo gacmo markaad dhameysatay.
Soogalootiga: TOK-so-plas-MOE-sis
Ilaha:
Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada Maraykanka (CDC). "Toxoplasmosis (Cudurka Toxoplasma - Epidemiology iyo Ciladaha Halista ah" Atlanta, Georgia; Caafimaadka Caalamiga ah, Qeybta Cudurrada Ba'an iyo Duumada; January 10, 2012.
Oksenhendler, E .; Cadranel, J .; Sarfati, C .; et al. "Toxoplasma gondii pneumonia ee bukaanka qaba cudurrada difaaca jirka." Somali Journal of American. May 1990; 88 (5): 18-21.
Rabaud, C .; May, T .; Amiel, C .; et al. "Cudurka 'Extracerebral Toxoplasmosis' ee bukaanada qaba cudurka HIV. Dawada. Nofeembar 1994; 73 (6): 306-314.
Oksenhendler, E .; Cadranel, J .; Sarfati, C .; et al. "Toxoplasma gondii pneumonia ee bukaanka qaba cudurrada difaaca jirka." Somali Journal of American. May 1990; 88 (5): 18-21.
Minkoff, H .; Remington, J .; Holman, S .; et al. "Ku gudbinta tooska ah ee toxoplasma ee haweenka qaba cudurka fayraska ee fayraska ah." Somali Journal of Obstetrics iyo Gynecology. Maarso 1997; 176 (3): 555-9.