Cabbiraadda iyo Fenotyping ayaa Aqoonsi kara, iyo Xitaa Saadaalinta, Cadaadiska Daroogada HIV
Xitaa dadka ay ku habboon yihiin daaweynta, daawooyinka qaarkood ee iska caabida dawada HIV ayaa la rajeynayaa inay ku soo baxaan wakhti ka dib sababtoo ah isbeddelada dabiiciga ah ee fayraska. Xaaladaha kale, iska-caabbintu si dhakhso ah ayey u kobcin kartaa marka adkaanta hooseeya ay u oggolaato dadka HIV-ga u adkaysta inay ku raaxaystaan, taasoo ugu dambeyntii keento daaweyn la'aan.
Marka daaweyn la'aantu dhacdo, isku-darka daroogada kale waa in la xushay si loo xakameeyo dadkan cusub ee fayruska iska caabiya.
Tijaabooyinka iska caabinta ee hiddo-wadda ayaa kaa caawinaya fududeynta adigoo qeexaya noocyada isku-dhafanaanta iska-caabbinta ee "qof barkiis", iyadoo la ogaanayo sida ay u fiicnayn fayraska fayraska fayraska ah ee loo yaqaan ' antiretroviral agents' .
Laba qalab oo asaas ah ayaa loo adeegsadaa baaritaanka iska caabinta xubinta HIV -ga: baaritaanka HIV- ga iyo baaritaanka ficil-celinta HIV .
Waa maxay Genotype iyo Phenotype?
Sida qeexidda, genotype waa midka kaliya ee qurxinta hidde-ahaaneed ee noolaha, halka ficil-celintu uu yahay sifooyinka muuqda ama dabeecadaha noolaha.
Baaritaanka genotypic (ama xayeysiinta) adigoo aqoonsanaya tilmaamaha dhaxalka ee ku jira codka unugyada unugyada, ama DNA. Baaritaannada qalliinka (ama ficil-celinta) waxay xaqiijinayaan muujinta tilmaamahan iyada oo saameyn ku yeelaneysa xaaladaha jawi kala duwan.
Inkastoo xiriirka udhaxeeya genotype iyo phenotype uu yahay mid aan la hubin, genotyping wuxuu inta badan noqon karaa saadaalinta fenotype, gaar ahaan marka isbeddelka ku yimaado xeerka hidda-guurka uu u keeno isbeddelka laga filayo sifooyinka ama sifooyinka - sida kiis-kicinta adkeysiga daroogada.
Fenotyping, dhinaca kale, wuxuu xaqiijinayaa "halkan-iyo-hadda." Ujeedadu waxay tahay in la qiimeeyo falceliska noolaha ee isbeddelada gaarka ah ee cadaadiska deegaanka - sida marka HIV ay u dhacdo daawooyin kala duwan iyo / ama xaddiga daroogada.
Sharaxaadda HIV-ga soo saarista
Cudurka HIV-ga waa farsamada caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo baaritaanka iska caabinta.
Ujeedada baaritaanka waa in la ogaado isbeddellada gaarka ah ee hidde-gelyada ee gobolka geg-pol ee ' genome ' (ama koodhka hidda). Tani waa gobolka meesha transcriptase, protease iyo isdhexgalka enzymes -gaamyada daawooyinka ugu badan daawooyinka antiretroviral-oo lagu calaamadeeyay silsilada DNA.
Marka ugu horeysa ee lagu magacaabo genome-ga HIV-ga iyada oo la adeegsanayo farsamooyinka silsiladda silsiladda polymerase (PCR) , farsamooyinka shaybaarka ayaa kashaqayn kara (ama "khariidada") genetics ee fayraska iyadoo la adeegsanayo farsamooyinka kala duwan ee wax lagu ogaanayo.
Isbeddellada Theses (ama isu-ururinta isbeddellada) ayaa tarjumay farsameyaashu falanqeynaya xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya isku-dhafka la ogaaday iyo fayraska 'la filayo inuu u nugul yahay dawooyinka dawooyinka ee kala duwan. Xogta shabakada internetka ayaa kaa caawin karta isbarbardhigida taxanaha imtixaanka ee fayruska "vivil-type" (sida HIV, oo aan ku jirin isku-dhafnaan iska caabin ah).
Fasiraadda imtixaanadaan waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo go'aamiyo u nugulnaanta daroogada, iyada oo tiro badan oo ah isbeddellada muhiimka ah ee la xidhiidha heerarka sare ee dawada daroogada .
Sharaxaadda Hiv-ga HIV-ga
Fayraska HIV-ga wuxuu qiimeeyaa koritaanka qofka HIV-ga marka uu jiro daroogada, ka dibna isbarbardhigaya in la kobciyo xakamaynta, fayruuska duurjoogta ah ee isla daroogada.
Sida baadhitaanada genotypic, baaritaanada phenotypic waxay sare u qaadaan gobolka geg-pol ee HIV genome.
Qaybtan ka mid ah xeerka hidda-socodka ayaa markaa "lagu xoqay" iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalabka casriga ah ee loo yaqaan "technology recombinant DNA" . Fayruska loo yaqaan 'recombinant' ee loo yaqaan 'recombinant' ayaa loo adeegsadaa inuu ku dhaco unugyada mammalian ee ku jira vitro (shaybaarka).
Shaybaarka fayruuska ah ayaa markaa ka dibna loo soo bandhigaa daawooyinka daawooyinka kale ee daawada antiretroviral ilaa 50% iyo 90% cirridka fayrasku la gaarsiiyo. Fikradaha ayaa markaa la barbardhigayaa natiijooyinka ka soo baxa gacanta, noocyada duurjoogta ah.
Isbeddelka "isweydaarsiga" ee isweydaarsiga wuxuu bixiyaa qiimaha qiimaha ayadoo la ogaanayo sumcadda daroogada. Beddelka afar isbuuc ayaa macnaheedu yahay in afar jeer qiyaasta daawada loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro xakamaynta fayraska marka loo eego nooca duurjoogta ah.
Inta badan qiimaha laysku gooyey, yaraanta u nugulnaanta fayrusku waa daawo gaar ah.
Qiimahaas ayaa markaa lagu meeleeyaa gudaha hoose ee kiliinikada iyo kiliinikada sare, oo leh qiimo sare oo u dhiganta heerarka sare ee daawada daroogada. (Eeg warbixinta tusaalaha ah .)
Goorma Meel Baadhis Mucaarid Bini'aadin ah oo Hirgaliyey?
Dalka Mareykanka, baaritaanka iska caabinida hiddaha ayaa si caadi ah loogu sameeyaa daaweynta nalalka bukaanka si loo ogaado haddii ay qabaan dawo iska caabin ah. Daraasadaha Maraykanka ayaa soo jeedinaya in inta u dhexeysa 6% iyo 16% ee fayruska la isku gudbiyo uu u adkeysan doono ugu yaraan hal daawo antiretroviral, halka ku dhawaad 5% ay u adkeysanayso in ka badan hal daroogo oo daroogo ah.
Baaritaanka isdifaaca ee hiddaha ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa marka caabbinta daroogada looga shakisan yahay in shakhsiyaadka daaweynta. Baaritaan ayaa la sameeyaa inta bukaanku qaato nidaamka guuldarada ama afar toddobaad gudahooda ee joojinta daaweynta haddii culeyska fayrusku ka weyn yahay 500 nuqul / mL. Baadhitaanka Genotypic ayaa guud ahaan doorbidaya marxaladahaan marka ay qiimo jaban yihiin, leeyihiin wakhti go'an oo degdeg ah, oo bixiyaan dareen xoog leh si loo ogaado isku dhafan ee noocyada duurjoogta ah iyo fayruusta u adkaysta.
Isku-darka shaybaarka iyo jimicsiga ayaa guud ahaan loo doorbidaa dadka leh cillad adag oo badan, daroogo badan, gaar ahaan kuwa ku faafaya protease-celiyeyaasha .
Ilaha:
Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO). "Warqada Xaqiiqda Xasaasiga HIV-ga." Geneva, Switzerland; Abriil 11, 2011.
Kim, D .; Ziebel, R .; Saduvala, N .; et al. "Horumarinta gudbinta HIV-1 ARS iskuulada iska caabbinta daawooyinka ARV: 10 goobood oo lagu baaro HIV, Mareykanka, 2007-2010." Shirka 20aad ee Retroviruses iyo Infekshinka Fursadaha. Atlanta, Georgia; Maarso 6, 2013; Afbeelka afka 149.
Machadyada Qaranka ee Caafimaadka (NIH). "Tilmaamaha Isticmaalka Aaladaha Antiretroviral ee dadka qaba HIV-1-Infekshanka Dadka waaweyn iyo Dhalinyarada." Bethesda, Maryland; Oktoobar 11, 2013.