Mukhaadaraadka Daroogada ah ee doorbida daaweynta koowaad ee daaweynta
Nidaamyada isdhexgalka (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano isku-dhafka isdhaafsiga kala-guurka, ama INSTIs) ayaa ah daroogo xoogan oo daawada antiretroviral ah oo ka hortagaya HIV-ga in la isku daro codsiga hidde-geedka (genome) DNA-ga unugyada martida loo yaqaan. Waxay sidaas u yeeleysaa adigoo xannibaya enzim la yiraahdo isdhexgalin, adoo sidaas samaynaya, waxay suurta galineysaa in HIV-du aysan wax tarin.
Isbeddel (ratelgravir) wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horeeyay ee ay ansixisay Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka ee Maraykanka (FDA) bishii Oktoobar 12, 2007.
Dhammaantood waxay u sheegeen, hadda waxaa jira seddex sedexda daawo ee daawada INSTI iyo afar daroogo oo isku dhafan oo la isku daro kaas oo ah INSTI waa qayb
- Iskutallaab (ratelgravir)
- Tivicay (dolutegravir)
- Vitekta (elvitegravir)
- Triumeq (dolutegravir + abacavir + lamivudine)
- Stribild (elvitegravir + cobicistat + tenofovir + emtricitabine)
- Genvoya (elvitegravir + cobicistat + tenofovir AF + emtricitabine)
Inkasta oo daroogada la isku daro, Dutrebis (ratelgravir + lamivudine), ayaa sidoo kale ansixiyay Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka ee Maraykanka, maaha ganacsi ahaan laga heli karo Maraykanka xilligan.
Warshadaha daroogada ViiV iyo Janssen Pharmaceuticals ayaa hadda iska kaashanaya daroogo isku dhafan oo isku xira dolutegravir iyo daawada Edurant (rilpilvirine) . Musharax kale oo rajo-gal ah oo dhexmara INSTI, cabotegravir, ayaa ku socota tijaabooyinka wajiga 3aad ee aadanaha.
Sida daroogada daroogada ah, isdhexgalayaasha isdhexgalka ayaa loo tixgeliyaa faa'iidada daaweynta cudurka HIV, iyada oo la raacayo shuruudaha daaweynta fudud, saameynaha hoose ee hoose, qaababka adkeysiga kor u kaca, iyo cimri dheeraadka.
Sidaa daraadeed, INSTIs waxaa lagu sifeeyay mid ka mid ah doorashooyinka daaweynta ee la door bidey ee ku saabsan xeerarka HIV-ga ee badan, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa Maraykanka
Hadajinta joogtada ah ee Wasaarada Caafimaadka iyo Adeegyada Dadwaynaha ee Mareykanka waxay ka dhigan tahay isdhexgalayaasha sidii loo doorbidayay, wakiilka koowaad ee loogu talagalay dadka dhowaan loo daweeyey HIV. Xaqiiqdii, xulashooyinka lixda daaweyn ee hadda lagu taliyey bukaannada dhowaan la daweeyey, shan waxay ku jiraan naqshad isku dhafan sida wakiilka daroogada ee dhabarka.
Sidee u Qabsashada Kacsanaanta Shaqeeyayaasha?
HIV wuxuu isku-dhejiyaa fayraska fayraska ee DNA-ga unugyada martida ee qaabka shan-tallaabo:
- Enzyme isdhexgalka ayaa ku xidhan HIV DNA, ugu dambeyntii waxaa loo abuuray nidaam loo yaqaan ' transcript transcription' .
- HIV DNA ayaa markaa loo diyaariyaa isdhexgalka ee habka loo yaqaan " cleavment", taas oo macnaheedu yahay xajinta jeermiska fayruuska ah, oo ka tagaysa nabaro furan oo ku jira qaabkeeda.
- Kala-wareegidda kala-goyska ayaa markaa loo geliyaa nucleuska unugyada martida loo maro iyada oo loo marayo nuuca nukliyeerka .
- Marka gudaha gudaha nukleus, HIV DNA waxaa loo wareejiyaa DNA-ga martida ah ee waxa loogu yeeray fal-celinta bedelka. Marxaladdan, DNA-ga fayruuska ah wuxuu si dhab ah u weerara DNA-ga unugyada martida ah, isaga oo kala soocaya xayiraadaha heysta DNA-ga martida ah isla markaana iskudubarid isaga oo u maraya iyada oo loo marayo kiimikada kiimikada ee fayraska DNA-da.
- Weerarku wuxuu kiciyaa jawaab celin dabiici ah oo loogu magacaabo hagaajinta farqiga , kaas oo unugyada martigelinta ay si toos ah u hagaajin doonaan wixii waxyeello ah ee DNA-da, oo asal ahaan fududaynaya qaadashada xargaha hidaha.
Si fudud oo loo xakameeyo isdhexgalka enzyme, geeddi-socodka is-dhexgalka oo dhan waa la joojinayaa, si wax ku ool ah u soo afjaraan wareegga nolosha ee fayraska. Si kastaba ha noqotee, isdhexgalka ayaa ah mid ka mid ah dhowr marxaladood oo ka mid ah wareegyada nolosha ee HIV, daawooyinka kale waxaa loo qaadaa in la joojiyo marxaladaha kale, si looga hortago HIV-ga in la badiyo iyo in la hubiyo in hawlaha fayruska si buuxda loo xakameynayo (sida lagu qiyaaso culeyska fayruska HIV).
Saameynada iyo Tixgelinnada
Si ka duwan noocyada kale ee daroogada HIV, isdhexgalayaasha isdhexgalka waxay si toos ah uga shaqeeyaan qaababka fayraska falka halkii ay ka iman lahaayeen unugyada. Sidaa darted, waxay leeyihiin waxyeelo aad u yar, ugu horreyn shuban, lallabbo, daal, madax xanuun, iyo hurdo la'aan.
Hase yeeshee, inta badan dhibaatooyinkan dhinaca kale, ayaa ah kuwo ku-meel-gaar ah oo badanaa ayaa xaliya khilaafkooda. Iyadoo la sheegayo, haddii aad la kulanto dhacdo aan caadi aheyn adigoo qaadanaya isdhexgalka daroogooyinka ee isdhexgalka, isla markiiba kugula tali dhakhtarkaaga ama rugta caafimaadka. Ha joojin daaweynta adiga oo aan ugu yaraan ku hadlin aqoon xirfad leh. Joojinta iyo isbedelka aan hore loo dhigin waxay sameyn kartaa waxyeello ka badan ta fiican.
Si la mid ah, inta wadajirta nadaafaduhu ay u yartahay inay u nugul yihiin iska caabbinta dawada ka hor , waa inaad iska ilaalisaa daawooyinka maqaarka ama maqnaanshaha. Cadaadisku wuxuu dhacaa marka heerarka daroogada ee dhiigga uu bilaabmayo inuu dhaco, taas oo u oggolaanaysa fayrasta mutantiyada inay soo baxaan oo sii badiyaan. Marka tani dhacdo, daroogooyinkaagu ma awoodi doonaan inay shaqeeyaan iyo sidoo kale ka hor iyo laga yaabaa, mararka qaarkood, ku guuldareystaan.
Maaddaama isdhexgalayaasha isdhexgalka ay weli ku jiraan dhiigga wakhti dheer, waxay awoodaan in ay xakameeyaan mutawaaniinta HIV xataa xitaa marka qiyaasta mararka qaar seegto. Laakiin waxaa muhiim ah in la fahmo in duruufaha sii dheeraaday ay xanuunsan yihiin laguna talinayo iyo in xakamaynta maalinlaha ah ay muhiim u tahay guulaha daaweynta.
Ilaha:
Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka Maraykanka (FDA). "Package Appragen Package - Magaca Daroogada: Iskutagga (ratelgravir) 400mg Tababarada." Silver Spring, Maryland; Oktoobar 12, 2007.
Machadka Qaran ee Xasaasiyadda iyo Cudurrada Cudurrada (NIAID) "Horumarinta Daroogada Hore ee HIV / AIDS-ka." Bethesda, Maryland; updated July 21, 2015.
Waaxda Caafimaadka iyo Adeegyada Dadka (DHHS). "Tilmaamaha Isticmaalka Aaladaha Antiretroviral ee dadka qaba HIV-1-Infekshan Dadka waaweyn iyo Dhalinyarada." Rockville, Maryland; cusbooneysiiyay Janaayo 28, 2017; heley March 24, 2017.
Craigie, R. iyo Bushman, F. "Isdhexgalka HIV DNA." Khariidadda Dayrta ee Khatarta ah ee Daawada. Juunyo 2012; 2 (7): a006890.
Bushman, F .; Fujiwara, D .; iyo Craigie, R. "Isku-dhafka DNA-ga ee lagu maamulo borotiinka la-qabsiga ee HIV-da ee ku jirta faytanka." Sayniska. Sebtembar 28, 1990; 249 (4976): 1555-1558.