Fiiri duruusyo kala duwan sida antibiotics, NSAIDs, iyo Statins
Fasalka daroogada ama fasalka dawada waa koox daawooyin ah oo u shaqeyn kara si la mid ah, leh qaab isku mid ah oo kiimiko ah, ama loo isticmaalo daaweynta xaalad caafimaad oo isku mid ah. Fasalka daroogada, bixiyaha xanaanada caafimaadkaaga ayaa eegaya daawada gaarka ah ee ku habboon xaaladdaada. Fasallada waa qaybo guud iyo daawooyinka ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka muuqdaan in ka badan hal daroogo daroogo haddii ay leeyihiin saameyn kala duwan ama loo isticmaalo xaalado kala duwan.
Halkan waxaa ah tusaalooyin dhawr fasallo daroogo caadi ah.
Antibiotics
Antibiyootikadu waa nooc ka mid ah daawooyinka loo isticmaalo daweynta infekshinka ay keento bakteeriya. Daawooyinka antibiyootigga ee inta badan loo qoro waa amoxycillin iyo Zithromax (azithromycin). Antibiyootikada ayaa laga soo qaadan karaa xeryahooda dabiiciga ah ee ka hortagaya korriinka bakteeriyada. Waxa kale oo loo abuuri karaa si siman. Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo antibiyootiko ah oo ay ku jiraan kuwa soo socda:
- Beta-laktams, sida penicillins, cephalosporins, iyo carbapenems, oo xakamaynta synthesis qalabka unug
- Daroogooyinka fara-gelinta borotiinka wax lagu qoro, sida macrolides, tetracyclines, linezolid, iyo lincosamides
- Daroogooyinka fara-gelinta faytiska folate, sida trimethoprim iyo sulfonamides
- Daroogooyinka fara-galinta soo-saarka jeermiska nucleic acid, sida quinolones iyo rifampin
Guud ahaan, antibiyootikadu waxay noqon kartaa bakteeriyada ama bacteriocidal. Antibiyootikada bacteriostatic waxay joojisaa kala qaybinta unugyada iyo kobaca unugyada.
Antibiyootikada bakteeriyadu waxay si toos ah u dishaa bakteeriyada. Tusaale ahaan, rifampin waa daroogada bakteeriyaydhka ah halka antibiyootigyada ay faragalinayaan synthesis protein ay noqon karaan bacteriocidal ama bacteriostatic.
Dawooyinka lid ku ah diiqadda
Dawooyinka liddi ku ah antidepressants ayaa ah daawo loo isticmaalo daaweynta calaamadaha niyadjabka. Qaar ka mid ah daawooyinka antidepressant ayaa loo yaqaan 'Lexapro' (escitalopram) iyo Zoloft (sertraline).
Waxaa loo maleynayaa inay shaqeynayaan iyagoo bedelaya sida kiimikada maskaxda ee loo yaqaan 'neurotransmitters' ay u dhaqmaan niyadda. Waxay sii dheereynayaan nooca neurotransmitter ee ay saameynayaan iyo sida ay u sameeyaan sidaas.
- Xanuunada serotonin ee xakameynaya serotonin (SSRIs): Waxaa ku jira Prozac (fluoxetine). Daroogooyinkaasi waxay ka caawiyaan inay kor u qaadaan calaamadaha serotonin.
- Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): Waxaa ku jira Wax-qabadka (venlafaxine). Daroogooyinkaasi waxay ka caawiyaan kor u qaadida calaamadaha norepinephrine.
- Daawooyinka Tricyclic Neefsashada (TCAs): Waxaa ku jira Elavil (amitriptyline): Daawooyinkani waxay sare u qaadaan calaamadaha serotonin iyo norepinephrine labadaba laakiin waxay sidoo kale saameynayaan farriimaha kale ee kiimikada, taasoo horseedda saameynaha.
- Kaadi-saareyaasha (Monoine oxidase oxidase) (MAOIs): Waxaa ku jira Nardil (phenelzine). Daawooyinkani waxay jidhka ka ilaaliyaan inay jabiyaan neurotransmitters.
Maandooriyeyaasha Lidka-Xakameyn Daroogada (NSAIDs)
Daawooyinka aan anti-inflammatorka ahayn ee ka hortagga ah waa nooc ka mid ah daroogooyinka leh hanti-barar (anti-inflammatory, analgesic, iyo antipyretic (anti-qandhic)). Dhammaan NSAIDs waxay ka shaqeeyaan joojinta isbeddelka enzyme cyclooxygenase waxaana inta badan lagu helaa qaababka ka baxsan miiska. Tusaalooyinka NSAIDs waxaa ka mid ah ibuprofen iyo aspirin. Inkasta oo NSAIDs-gu ay ugu badneyn inay nabdoon tahay inay qaadaan, waxay leeyihiin saameyn xun.
Tusaale ahaan, aspirin badanaa waxay keentaa xanuunka caloosha iyo sidoo kale waxay keeni kartaa dhiigbaxa qaarkood.
Opioids
Opioids waa nooc ka mid ah daroogooyinka ka soo baxa dabiiciga ah. Opium waxaa laga goostay poppy Papaver somniferum . Guud ahaan, morphine ayaa loo isticmaali jiray daawada. Tusaalayaasha kale ee opioids waxaa ka mid ah koodhin, heroin, iyo hydrocodone. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxaa jira fayteco gebi ahaan isku-dhafan, oo ay ku jiraan meperidine, fentanyl, methadon, iyo butorphanol. Opioids ayaa badanaa lagu qasi karaa asbirin ama acetaminophen si loo helo xanuun yare ka fiican (Vicodin ama Norco).
Opioids waxay ku shaqeyneysaa iyadoo la joojinayo sii deynta nurotransmitter taas oo keenta xanuun joojiye.
Opioids ayaa sidoo kale abuureysa saameyn deg deg ah ama saameyn leh. Dhibaatada Opioid iyo ku-tiirsanaanta waxay noqotaa dhibaato sii xumaaneysa, iyada oo dad badani si xun u isticmaalaan daroogooyinka daroogada iyo kuwa daawada u qora. Cadaadiska opioid wuxuu ku dili karaa niyad jabka neefsashada.
Statins
Statins waa nooc daawo ah oo xakameynaya wax soo saarka kolestaroolka beerka waxaana loo isticmaalaa in lagu daweeyo dadka leh baruurta sareeya. Qaar ka mid ah qoraallada caadiga ah waa Lipitor (atorvastatin) iyo Zocor (simvastatin).
Ilaha
Albertson TE. Cutubka 119aad. Opiates iyo Opioids. In: Olson KR. eds. Sumowga iyo Daroogada aadka u badan, 6e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Gasbarre CC, Schmitt SK, Tomecki KJ. Cutubka 230. Antibiotics. In: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K. Eds. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology ee Daawada General, 8e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.