Daroogooyinka Vary by Mechanism of Action iyo Yoolalka Isticmaalka
Corticosteroids waxay tixraacaan daroogo ah daroogo loo isticmaalo daweynta xannuunka barar-xannuunka iyo xaaladaha kale ee bararka. Maadaama ay badanaa loo yaqaan "steroids", dadku waxay badanaaba rumaysan yihiin inay yihiin isku mid sida anabolic steroids oo loo isticmaalo kor u qaadista awoodda iyo waxqabadka jirka.
Guudmarka
Ereyga "steroid" waa erey ballaadhan oo loo adeegsado in lagu tilmaamo wax kasta oo leh qaab dhismeed oo gaar ah (oo ka kooban afar siddo oo fedhaal oo ah 17 atom).
Hawsha steroids waa in la ilaaliyo daacadnimada xuubka unugyada ama si dhaqdhaqaaqa loogu dhaqaajiyo dusha qolka si uu u xakameeyo sida uu u dhaqmo.
Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo noocyo kala duwan oo steroid ah oo laga helo dabeecadda, oo si ballaaran loo sifeeyo sida:
- Cudurrada galmada, oo ay ku jiraan estrogen, progesterone , iyo testosterone
- Corticosteroids, oo ay ku jiraan glucocorticoids (sida cortisol) kaas oo xakameynaya shaqada difaaca iyo mineralocorticoids (sida qaadosterone) kaas oo xukminaya dheelitirka electrolytes
- Soodhaweynaha sida fitamiin D kaas oo ka caawiya nidaaminta hawlo badan oo nafleyda ah
- Neurosteroids sida DHEA kaas oo ka caawiya sameynta suunka labka iyo dhediga
- Sterols sida kolestarool kaas oo gacan ka geysanaya ilaalinta daacuunka unugyada
Cudurka Anabolic
Cudurka anabolic Anabolic waa kala duwanaansho kala duwan ee hormoonnada haweenka ee jinsiga ah (androgens). Waxaa loo adeegsadaa inay kor u qaadaan koritaanka murqaha qalfoofka (saameynta anabolic) iyo horumarinta sifooyinka galmada ee lab ah (saameynta oogada).
Cudurrada anabolic waxaa laga helaa rijeeto waxaana loo isticmaalaa daaweynta xaaladaha keena heerarka testosterone ee aan caadiga ahayn ( hypogonadism ). Sababaha waxaa ka mid noqon kara xiniinyaha aan la ogaanin, dhaawaca xiniinyaha, hemochromatosis (birta xad-dhaafka ah ee dhiigga), cudurada pituitary, cudurrada bararka, cayilka, iyo infekshanka HIV-ga ee sareeya .
Sababtoo ah saameynaha anabolic, daawooyinka badanaa waa ay ku xadgudbaan cayaaraha ama dadka doonaya inay sare u qaadaan muuqaalka muuqaalka. Xadgudubka muddada dheer ee steroids ee anabolic waxay keeni kartaa cawaaqib xumo caafimaad, oo ay ka mid yihiin:
- Finan aad u daran
- Horumarka naaska ragga ( ginecomastia )
- Kobaca maqaarka iyo jirka ee haweenka (hirsutism)
- Cadaadis dhiig oo sarreeya
- Isbedelka niyadda ee habdhaqanka ("radii roid")
- Dabeecada Manic
- Xididdada xiniinyaha
- Nooca lab ah ee lab ah ee labada jinsi
- Haweenka aan caadil ahayn
- Kufsi la'aan
- Muraayad indhaha ama maqaarka (cagaarshow)
- Dillaaca Tendon
- Burooyinka beerka ama kansarka
- Kobaca dhalinta ee dhalinyarada
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids waxay tixraaceysaa xayndaabyada dabiiciga ah ee ay soo saaraan kortens adrenal ama noocyada synthetic kuwaas oo muraayadaya dhismahooda molecular. Corticosteroids waxay wax ka qabataa habka difaaca jidhka iyada oo xannibaysa soo saarista walxaha keena jawaab celin xasaasiyadeed iyo barar.
Daawooyinka waxaa lagu soo gudbin karaa hadal, afkeed, mid ahaan, ama irbad si loogu daaweeyo xaaladaha caafimaadka sida xasaasiyad, Crohn's disease , colitis sambabada, xanuunka dhirta (sida rheumatoid arthritis ama lupus), cudurada dhiigga (sida lymphoma iyo leukemia), iyo kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'.
Daawooyinka corticosteroid ee sida badan lagu qoro Maraykanka waxaa ka mid ah:
- Betamethasone
- Budesonide
- Cortisone
- Dexamethasone
- Hydrocortisone
- Methylprednisolone
- Prednisolone
- Prednisone
- Triamcinolone
Daawooyinka waxaa lagu heli karaa magacyo kala duwan iyo qaababka.
Faa'iidooyinka iyo Khatarta
Corticosteroids waa daroogooyin awood leh oo si dhakhso ah u yareyn kara bararka iyada oo kor loo qaadayo soo kabashada. Marka la sheego, isticmaalka daawada xad-dhaafka ah wuxuu sababi karaa waxyeelo daran iyo mararka qaar iska horimaadyada ka soo horjeeda, oo ay ka mid yihiin:
- Culeyska miisaanka
- Acne
- Murqaha daciifka
- Jirka maqaarka
- Dib u habeynta dufanka jidhka (lipodstrophy)
- Dillaaca Tendon
- Dhiirrigelin
- Sonkorowga
- Osteoporosis
- Cataracts
- Hoos u qaadista infakshanka
- Boogaha caloosha
- Murugo
Si loo xoojiyo waxtarrada, korticosteroids ayaa lagu qoraa qiyaasta ugu hooseeysa muddada ugu gaaban si loo gaaro natiijada ugu fiican.
Haddii loo isticmaalo mudo dheer, daawooyinka waa in si tartiib tartiib ah loo xiraa si loogu oggolaado qanjirrada adrenal inay si tartiib tartiib ah u qaadaan shaqadooda caadiga ah. Joojinta si deg-deg ah waxay keeni kartaa calaamadaha soo noqoshada iyo dhibaatooyinka qatarta ah ee naf-gooyada ah.
Ereyga
Haddii qorshahaaga daaweyntu uu ku lug leeyahay isticmaalka daawooyinka kortikosteroid, mar walba miisaamaan faa'iidooyinka iyo khatarta dhakhtarkaaga. Iyada oo ku xidhan xaaladdaada caafimaad, waxaa jiri kara fursado kale oo keeni kara isku mid ah gargaarka halista ah ee khatarta yar.
Ugu dambeyntii, badanaa waxaa ugu wanaagsan in la dhigo corticosteroids isticmaalka dambe marka loo baahdo daawooyinka laga yaabo inay ka weynaadaan.
> Ilo:
> Waljee, A .; Rogers, M .; Lin, P. et al. "Isticmaalka muddada gaaban ee corticosteroids afka iyo waxyeelada la xiriira ee dadka waaweyn ee ku nool Mareykanka: daraasad dadweyne ku salaysan." BMJ. 2017; 357: j1415. DOI: & https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j1415.
> Yu, J .; Bonnerud, P .; Eriksson, A. et al. "Saamaynta Dhibaatada Waqtiga-dheer ee Anabolic Androgen steroids ee Musiibada Dhalinyarada." KA HELI KARO. 2014; 9 (9): e105330. DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0105330.