Cagaarshowga Daaweynta

Daweynta Caabuqyada Cagaarshowga Cagaarshow

Cagaarshow nooca Viral ayaa lagu qeexaa sida caabuqa beerka ee keena caabuqa fayraska. Sababaha ugu badan ee uu keeno waa shan fayras oo aan si toos ah u bar-tilmaameedsan unugyada beerka, oo lagu magacaabo hepatocytes. Fayrusyada hepatotropic kuma kala duwanaan karaan sida qofku u gudbiyo qof, laakiin waa hababka looga hortagi karo ama loo daaweyn karo.

Xaaladaha qaarkood, infakshanka cagaarshowgu wuxuu noqon karaa mid gaaban oo naf-gaabis ah oo naftiisa ku kooban oo leh dhowr, haddii ay jiraan, calaamado ama cawaaqib.

Waqtiyada kale, waxay si aamusnaan ah u horumarin kartaa muddada sanadaha ama xitaa tobanaan sano, taasoo keenta in si tartiib tartiib ah oo ah unugyada jirka (fibrosis) oo horseedi kara dhaawac beerka ( cirrhosis ) ama kansarka beerka ( hepatocellular carcinoma ).

> U fiirso caaafimaadka ka soo horjeeda nudaha cirridka ah ee beerka.

Laakiin, maaha wax la yaab leh in daaweynta cagaarshow fayrasku uu yahay noocyo kala duwan oo fayraska ah. Laga soo bilaabo cagaarshowga A ilaa cagaarshowga E, talooyinka daaweynta ee hadda waxay ujeedadoodu tahay in la baddalo faafitaanka iyo darnaanta cudurrada, taas oo maanta lagu xisaabtamo in ka badan 1.5 milyan oo dhimasho sannad kasta.

• Mavyret Able si uu u bogsado Cagaarshowga C sida ugu yar sida 8 asbuuc

• Haddii aad ka Horto Cudurka Cagaarshowga C ee laga soo bilaabo Hindiya?

Hepatitis A

Cagaarshow A waxaa sababa fayraska cagaarshowga A (HAV) waxaana badanaa ku faafa cuntada ama biyaha oo lagu sumoobay saxarada HAV-ka qaba. Waxay caadi ahaan u soo bandhigtaa infekshin ba'an (is-xaddidid), calaamadaha muuqda meel kasta oo ah laba ilaa lix toddobaad ka dib marka hore la qaado. Xaalado badan, waxay noqon kartaa gebi ahaan asymptomatic, oo ay yar yihiin, haddii ay jiraan, waxay calaamad u tahay in cudurku dhacay.

Marka calaamadaha ba'an ay soo baxaan, waxay muujin karaan cagaarshowga (maqaarka iyo maqaarka), daacuunka (mugdiga kaadida), saxarada dhoobada leh, iyo dareen-xumo ba'an ama xummad daran.

Ma jiraan talooyin daaweyn gaar ah oo loogu talagalay infakshanka cagaarshowga A oo kale si loo yareeyo raaxo-darrada qofka iyo hubinta hubinta fuuq-celinta iyo nafaqada marka ay timaado matag ama shuban. Calaamaduhu waxay u muuqdaan in ay si buuxda u xalliyaan laba bilood gudahood, inkastoo ay ku sii socon karaan ilaa ilaa lix bilood Tallaalka ayaa la heli karaa si looga hortago infekshanka HAV, oo lagu bixiyo cirbadeynta saddexda koorso.

Hepatitis B

Cagaarshow B waxaa sababa fayraska cagaarshowga B (HBV) waxana badanaa ku faafa dhiiga cudurka qaba ama dheecaan jidheed. Isticmaalka maandooriyaha daroogada iyo jinsiga galmadu waa calaamadaha ugu badan ee caabuqa ah marka hooyadu u gudbiso ilmaha inta ay uurka leedahay.

Sida cagaarshowga A, cagaarshowga B wuxuu ku jiri karaa calaamado daran, caadi ahaan 30 ilaa 80 maalmood oo soo-gaadhis ah. Marka calaamadahan ay xalliyaan, fayrasku wuxuu si joogta ah u joogi karaa sanado badan inta lagu jiro marxaladda joogtada ah (muddo dheer soconaysa). Inkastoo marxaladdan aan joogtada aheyn ay keeni karto beerka, hadana inta badan dadka qaba cagaarshowga B waxay si dhakhso ah u nadiifinayaan fayraska isla markiiba infekshanka, kuwa qaba infekshanka joogtada ah waa la daaweyn karaa si loo yareeyo khatarta cirrhosis iyo kansarka beerka.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah ee Maraykanka, waxaa jira todoba daawo oo loo isticmaalo daawooyinka loo isticmaalo daaweynta caabuqa cagaarshow B ee joogtada ah. Inkasta oo daawooyinkaas aan laga saari karin fayraska, waxay xakameyn karaan fayruuska fayraska, taas oo hoos u dhigeysa caabuqa iyo halista cudurada beerka. Daawooyinka sida ugu badan loo isticmaalo, oo loo kala saaro sida kuwa nucleoside dib u celinta transcriptase (NRTIs) waa:

• Epivir (lamivudine)
• Hespera (adefovir)
• Viread (tenofovir)
• Tyzeka (telbivudine)
• Baracaabo (entecavir)

Daaweyntu sida caadiga ah waxay muujineysaa haddii aad leedahay firfircooni fayruus ah oo sare (sida lagu qiyaaso baaritaanka HBV DNA) iyo enzymes sareeya (ugu yaraan laba jeer heerka caadiga ah). Dadka lagu sheego cirrhosis waxaa lagu siiyaa mudnaanta sare. Daaweynta Antiviral waxaa laga yaabaa inay waxtar u leedahay kuwa qaba cudur daran beerka daran ama dhammaadka.

Daawada Intron A (interferon alpha-2B) ayaa waliba mararka qaarkood loo isticmaalaa, badanaa dadka yaryar ama kuwa uurka leh. Foomkan suuban ee interferon (cudurka protein-la dagaallanka cudurka) waxaa lagu maamulaa cirbadeynta 24 illaa 48 isbuuc.

Inkastoo koorsada daaweynta ay ka gaabsan tahay doorashooyinka kale ee daroogada, saameynaha ayaa badanaa noqon kara mid qoto dheer. Waxaa kale oo jira tallaal ka hortagi kara infakshanka HBV, iyo sidoo kale tallaal isku dhafan oo ka hortagi kara cagaarshowga A iyo hepatitis B.

Hepatitis C

Cagaarshow C waxaa sababa fayraska cagaarshowga C (HCV) waxaana lagu faafiyaa ugu horreyn iyada oo la isticmaalayo isticmaalka daroogada. Isugeynta galmada iyo gudbinta hooyada ilaa ilmuhu uurka ku jiro waa wadooyin aan caadi ahayn. Calaamadaha ba'an, marka ay joogaan, waxay u muuqan karaan meel kasta laba toddobaad ilaa shan bilood ka dib marka hore la qaado. Inkastoo intooda badan dadka qaba cudurka qabta infekshanku si dhakhso ah u nadiifinayaan fayraska lix bilood oo cudur ah, illaa boqolkiiba 30 dadka qaba infakshanka dabadheeraadku waxay ku sii socon doonaan cirrhosis.

Daaweynta caabuqa cagaarshowga joogtada ah waxaa loo tixraacaa sheeko guuleysi leh oo la xiriirta jiilka tooska ah ee ficilada tooska ah (DAAs) ee awoodda u leh in lagu gaaro heerarka daaweynta ee ka weyn 95 boqolkiiba dadka qaarkood. "Daaweyn" waxaa lagu qeexay inuu awood u leeyahay inuu sii joogteeyo heerarka HCV ee dhiigaaga (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno jawaab celin joogto ah ama SVR ) muddo 24 toddobaad ah ka dib dhammaystirka daaweynta.

• Sidee loo go'aamiyaa hadday tahay Entecavir waa saxda saxda ah

• Daawooyinka HCV: Waxkasta oo aad u Baahan Tahay Inaad Ogaato

Cilmi-baadhis cilmi-baaris ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 92 dadka ay awoodaan inay ku guuleystaan ​​jawaabtaan inay ku sii jiri doonaan fayruus la'aan mudo ah ugu yaraan shan sano.

Daaweynta waxaa lagu qeexay nooca hiddo-wadaha (genotype) ee fayruska ah qof qaba cudurka-loo yaqaan 'genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ama 6-iyo sidoo kale heerka cudurka beerka. Inkasta oo daaweynta la qori karo inta lagu jiro infekshinka ba'an, waxaa badanaa lagu tilmaamaa shakhsiyaadka joogtada ah ee cudurka qaba, gaar ahaan kuwa qaba cirrhosis.

• Daklinza (daclatasvir): ayaa loo ogolaaday genotype 3
• Epclusa (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir): ayaa loo oggolaaday genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 iyo 6
• Harvoni (sofusbuvir + ledipasvir): ayaa loo ansixiyey genotype 1
• Sovaldi (sofusbuvir): ayaa loo oggolaaday genotypes 1, 2, 3 iyo 4
• Technivie (ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir): ayaa loo ogolaaday genotype 4
• Viekira Pak (ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir oo lagu duubo dasabuvir): loo oggolaaday genotype 1
• Olysio (simeprevir): ayaa loo ogolaaday genotype 1
• Zepatier (grazoprevir + elbasvir): ayaa loo ogolaaday genotypes 1, 4 iyo 6

Xaaladaha DAAs ayaa mararka qaarkood loo adeegsadaa daawooyinka peginterferon iyo / ama ribavirin , inta badan kuwa ku jira daaweynta hore ee lagu guul daraystay ama lagu gartay cirrhosis oo horay loo gooyey, ma jiraan wax tallaal ah oo looga hortago infakshanka cagaarshow C.

Hepatitis D

Cagaarshow D waxaa sababa fayraska cagaarshowga D (HDV) oo kaliya ayaa dhici kara marka qofku uu ku dhaco fayraska cagaarshowga B Waxaa ugu horreyntii ku faafaa isticmaalka daroogada cirbadaha oo loo arko in badanaa ku yaala Afrika subagga Saharan, Bariga Dhexe, iyo qaybta waqooyiga ee Koonfurta Ameerika.

Doorashooyinka daaweynta ayaa xadidan. Caabuqyo ba'an ayaa sida caadiga ah lagu daaweeyaa taageerada nafaqada iyo / ama dheecaan ka soo baxa marka loo baahdo. Cudurka HDV-da waa mid aad u adag in la daweeyo. Inkastoo aysan jirin wax FDA ah oo la ogolaaday, daawada Intron A (interferon alpha-2B) ayaa lagu muujiyey inay ku guulaysato xakamaynta fayraska 20 illaa 25 boqolkiiba shakhsiyaadka khatarta leh. Maadaama ay HDV kaliya ku faafi karto jiritaanka HBV, tallaalka cagaarshowga B waxaa loo tixgeliyaa si wax ku ool ah ka hortagga infakshanka cagaarshowga D.

Cagaarshow E

Cagaarshow E waxaa sababa fayruska cagaarshowga E (HEV) waxana uu ku faafaa ugu horreyntii biyaha faddaraysan ee gobollada leh nadaafad xumo. Inkasta oo caabuqyada ba'an intooda ugu badan ay ku xaliyaan yar yahiin ama aysan jirin daaweyn caafimaad, dadka qaba nidaamyada difaaca jirka (oo ay ku jiraan kuwa beerka lagaga bedelo beerka ama hormarinta HIV ) waxay u badan tahay inay ku dhacaan infekshan joogta ah.

Sida cagaarshowga E, fursadaha daaweynta cagaarshowga D waa xaddidan yihiin. Hase yeeshe, waxaa jira guulo lagu gaarayo fayraska la xariiro iyada oo la adeegsanayo ribavirin maandooriyaha Ma jiraan wax talaal oo la heli karo si looga hortago cagaarshowga E.

> Ilo:

> Ururka Mareykanka ee Daraasada Cudurka beerka (AASLD). "Qiimaynta Global and Regional Burden ee Cudurka beerka." Washington, DC War saxaafadeed ay soo saartay November 3, 2013.

> Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada (CDC). "Viral Hepatitis." Atlanta, Georgia; heley July 19, 2016.