Tarjumooyinka Chromosome ee Leukemia iyo Lymphomas
Guudmarka
Daawo-celis waa nooc isbedel aan caadi ahayn ee dhismaha hudheelka oo dhacaya marka qayb ka mid ah unugyada koromomosku ay jebiyaan oo u dhuubaan kromosome kale. Kuwani "isku-dhafid" waa sabab muhiim ah oo ah noocyo badan oo lymphomas iyo leukemias ah .
Dhacdooyin
Koromosoomiyeyaashu waxay ku kaydiyaan dhamaan macluumaadka hiddaha ee aynu dhaxalnay waalidkeena. Waxaan heysanaa 23 nooc oo ah koromosoomyada - 1 laga saaray hooyooyinkeena iyo 1-aad oo ka mid ah aabayaasheenna - oo ah wadar ahaan 46 kromosoom.
On kromosome kasta waa boqolaal unugyo shakhsi ah kuwaas oo loo yaqaan code for wax kasta oo ka mid ah midabka indhahayaga si borotiinada xukuma qaybinta unugyada jirka ee jirkeena.
Marka unugyadeenu u qaybsan yihiin, nuqul daabacan ee koromosoomiyeyaasheenna ayaa la sameeyey. Mararka qaar habkan ayaa khaldan, qayb ka mid ah hal xabbo oo koromosoom ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku xiran tahay koromosoom kale.
Markaan ka hadleyno isbeddelada hidda-socodka ee kansarka, waxay noqon kartaa mid aad u jahwareersan, sidaas darteed waxaan dooneynaa in aan hubino in hal-kala-soocku si sax ah u caddeeyo. Isbeddelada hidda-socodka qaarkood waxaa la yiraahdaa isbeddelka jeermiska , nooca isbeddellada ama isbeddelada kale ee hidde-wadaha ee aad ka dhalatay, laakiin isbeddelada badankood ee aad maqli doonto waxay yihiin isbeddellada ama isbeddellada isbeddelka - isbeddellada iyo isbeddelada hidda ee ku dhaca jirkaada ka dib dhalashada iyo ka dib nolosha.
Noocyada
Waxaa jira laba nooc oo tarjumaad ah.
- Dib-u-dheelitirnaanta dheellitirnaanta - Isku-dheellitirid dheellitiran, qaybo isku mid ah oo ah labada koromosoom ayaa la is dhaafsadaa, markaa ma jiraan wax macluumaad dheeri ah ama maqan.
- Dib-u-kabashada aan kala-badnayn - Ka-beddel la'aanta ah, is-beddelku wuxuu ku lug leeyahay qeybo kala duwan oo ah koromosoom waxayna keentaa hiddo dheeraad ah ama maqnaansho.
Tarjumooyinka waxaa lagu muujiyay iyada oo la adeegsanayo kiis yar oo "t" oo leh labada labood ee koromosoomyada ku jira ee gawaarida. Tusaale ahaan, tarjumaad u dhexeeya koromosoomyada 9 iyo chromosome 22 ayaa lagu tilmaami karaa t (9; 22).
Ururka Kansarka
Translokation waa nooc ka mid ah dhaawaca hidda - socodka oo keeni kara hanno caadi ah oo caadi ah si uu u noqdo jeermiska sababa kansarka. Cilmi-baadhayaashu si sax ah uma ogaan waxa sababa isbeddellada koromosoomka ah ee dhacaya, laakiin arrimaha qaarkood ee halista ah ee horumarinta lymphomas iyo leukemias ayaa la yaqaan, qaar ka mid ah faafinta deegaanka ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku lug yeeshaan waxyeelo hiddesid. Isbeddeladan ayaa dhici kara marka DNA-da unugyada noo ah ay waxyeeleyso sunta ama fayraska. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxay ku dhici karaan natiijada "qalad" habka caadiga ah ee qaybta unugyada, sidoo kale. Maaddaama unugannadeenu u qaybsan yihiin nolosheena oo dhan, fursada ah "qalad" ee dhexdhexaadintu waxay ku kordhineysaa waayeelka aan nahay. Tan waxaa loo maleynayaa inay tahay mid ka mid ah sababaha keena kansarrada badani ay u badan yihiin dadka waaweyn ee aan helno.
Si aad u fahamto sida shubanku u saameeyo khatarta kansarka waxay kaa caawin kartaa inaad fahamto wax yar oo ku saabsan sida isbeddelada hiddaha iyo isbeddellada keena kansarka . Waxaa la rumaysan yahay in tarjumaaduhu ay ku shaqeyn karaan adoo curinaya oncogenes (jeermiska kansarka dhaliya), ama adoo jeestay jeermiska xakameynaya burooyinka xayawaanka. Cudurka dabaysha ee la yiraahdo waa gen oo gacan ka geysanaya sidii loo maamuli lahaa talaabooyinka taleefanka gacanta, marka laga reebo xakamaynta, waxay keeni kartaa kansar; waxay dhab ahaantii u dhaqmaan sida nidaamka jabsiga ee baabuurka, halka oncogenes ay u dhaqmaan sida gawaarida oo ku dheggan booska.
Qeybta ugu badan, tarjumooyinka ay keenaan leukemias iyo lymphomas waxay sabab u yihiin isbedelka DNA, laakiin tani mar walba ma aha kiiska. Badanaa waa isku-dhafan isbeddelka hidda-socodka ah halkii hal ama laba oo ka dhalata kansarka, iyo mararka qaarkood, is-beddelada qaar ayaa dhici kara dhalashada ka hor. Tusaale ahaan, qaar ka mid ah carruurta qaba lymphocytic leukemia, isbedelka hidde-wadaha bilawga ah ayaa dhici kara inta ilmuhu weli ku jiro ilmo-galeenka.
Kansarka Dhiiga (Leukemias iyo Lymphomas)
Korontada oo loo yaqaan 'Chromosomal translucency' waxay door weyn ka qaadataa kansarka dhiigga. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in translokations ay ku jiraan ilaa 90% lymphomas iyo in ka badan 50% leukemias.
Baadhitaanada qaarkood ee ku lug leh kansarka dhiigga waxaa ka mid ah:
- t (8; 21) - Cudurka 'myeloblastic leukemia' oo leh korriin
- t (9; 22), u ogow sida "Philadelphia Chromosome" - Xanuunka Ielogenous myelogenous (CML) iyo lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
- t (15; 17) - Cudurka 'promyelocytic leukemia' (APL)
- t (12; 15), t (1; 12) - Cudurka 'myelogenous leukemia' (AML)
- t (2; 5) - Qalabka laf-dhabarta ee unugyada waaweyn ee anaplastic
- t (8; 14) - Lymphoma Burkitt
- t (11; 14) - Lymphoma Mantle
- t (14; 18) - Lymphoma follicular
Ereyga
Dhakhaatiirtu waxay helayaan tarjubaanada koromosoomka marka ay samaynayaan falanqaynta hidde-wade ee shaybaar-ka-qaadista. Natiijooyinka noocan oo kale ah waxay badanaa ka caawiyaan oo keliya in ay aqoonsadaan cudurka, laakiin sidoo kale qorshaha daaweynta iyo saadaasha natiijooyinka daaweynta. Tusaale ahaan, tusaale ahaan, waxay noqon kartaa calaamad muujinaysa cudurku in ka badan ama ka yar yahay jawaabta kiimiko. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qof kasta wuu ka duwan yahay, xittaa laba qof oo leh isku-turjumaad isku mid ah ayaa yeelan kara natiijooyin aad u kala duwan.
Ilaha:
Society Cancer Society. Ma ognahay waxa keena lymphoma-da non-Hodgkin? La cusbooneysiiyay 01/22/16. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkinlymphoma/detailedguide/non-hodgkin-lymphoma-what-causes
Machadka Kansarka Qaranka. Daaweynta Cudurka Lymphoblastic ee Lymphoblastic - Qaybta Caafimaadka Jirka (PDQ). La daabacay 12/10/15. http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq#link/_67_toc
Nambiar, M., iyo S. Raghavan. Sidee ayuu DNA u jebiyaa inta lagu jiro shomosomal translokations? Cilmi-baadhista Acid Nucleic . 2011. 39 (14): 5813-5825.