Philadelphia Chromosome

Philadelphia chromosome waa baaritaan gaar ah oo ku saabsan unugyada unugyada dhiiga cad ee qofka - ogaanshaha taasi waxay saameyn ku leedahay leukemia. Inta badan waxay ka soo baxdaa tixraac ahaan "Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia."

Si khaas ah, waxaa laga yaabaa in la yiraahdo "leukemia" waxaa loo yaqaan "Philadelphia-chromosome-positive (Ph +) ee " myeloid leukemia chronic "(CML) ama" Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph +) lymphoblastic leukemia "(ALL).

Reformer Chromosome

Qaybta nucleus ee unug kasta, DNA molecule waxaa loo geliyaa dhismayaasha caan ah oo loo yaqaan "chromosomes". Koromosoom kastaa wuxuu ka kooban yahay DNA si adag u xiran-marar badan oo ku saabsan borotiinka loo yaqaan 'histones'. Haddii aan unuggu laba qeybsaneyn, chromosomes lama arki karo nukleus-xataa xitaa maadada mikroskoobka. Taasi waa sababta oo ah unug aan kala qaybin, DNA-du ma aha mid xiran oo meel fog ka baxsan, sababtoo ah waxaa loo adeegsadaa unugyada meelo badan oo kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, DNA-da oo kor u qaadaya koromosoomka ayaa si aad ah u xiran inta lagu jiro qaybta unugyada kadibna waxaa lagu arki karaa maadada mikroskoob sida kromosome.

Koromosoom kastaa wuxuu leeyahay muuqaal u gaar ah, halka goobta geeri gaar ah laga heli karo marka la eego qaabka koromosoomka. Marka dhammaan qalabka hidaha ee unugyada bini-aadanka ah ee la xirxiray, waxaa jira 23 lamaanood oo koromosoom ah, oo ah wadar ahaan 46 kromosoom oo ku jira unug kasta.

Dhab ahaan, noocyada kala duwan ee dhirta iyo xayawaanka waxay leeyihiin tiro kala duwan oo ah koromosoom. Tusaale ahaan, waxay leedahay afartan midood oo koromosoom ah, halka dhirta bariis ay leedahay 12 iyo ey, 39.

Philadelphia Chromosome

Philadelphia chromosome wuxuu leeyahay sheeko iyo goob, laakiin ujeeddooyin wax ku ool ah, waxaa loo qeexi karaa sida cilladda kromosome 22 taas oo qayb ka mid ah koromosoom 9 loo wareejiyo.

Si kale haddii loo dhigo, gabal ka mid ah kromosome 9 iyo qayb ka mid ah chromosome 22 jebinta iyo meelaha ganacsiga. Markay ganacsigani dhacdo, waxay u keentaa dhibaatada hiddo-wadaha - hiddaha loo yaqaan "bcr-abl" waxaa lagu sameeyaa koromosome 22 halka qaybta koromosom 9 ay ku xidhan tahay. Koromosoomka la beddelo 22 waxaa loo yaqaan 'Philadelphia chromosome' .

Unugyada lafta lafta ee ku jira Philadelphia chromosome ayaa inta badan laga helaa leukemia xannuunsan ee myelogenous iyo mararka qaarkood lagu arko xuubka 'lymphocytic leukemia' . Inkastoo Philadelphia chromosome badanaa la moodo in ay ku xirantahay CML iyo ALL, waxay sidoo kale ku imaan kartaa meelaha kale, sida "kala duwan Philadelphia translocations," iyo "Philadelphia chromosome-negatif myeloproliferative joogto ah."

Marka aad aragto, Philadelphia chromosome waa isbeddel hidde ah oo gaar ah kaas oo noqday nooc ka mid ah calaamadaha daawada, waxtar u leh in la ogaado kansarka qaar ka mid ah joogitaankiisa, iyo kansarrada kale ee maqnaanshaha.

Iyadoo qayb ka ah qiimeyntooda, dhakhaatiirtu waxay raadinayaan joogitaanka Philadelphia chromosome si ay u go'aamiso haddii bukaanku ay saameeyeen noocyo gaar ah ee leukemia.

Chromosome Philadelphia waxaa keliya laga helaa unugyada dhiigga ee saameeya. Sababtoo ah dhaawaca DNA, Philadelphia chromosome wuxuu keenayaa soo saarida unug aan caadi ahayn oo loo yaqaanno kinase tyrosine.

Iyadoo la socota isbeddello kale, enzymekani waxa uu sababaa unugyada kansarka si ay u kobcaan.

Dhakhaatiirtu waxay raadinayaan jiritaanka xaaladdan aan caadi ahayn marka ay tijaabinayaan shaybaarka ka yimaada lafta lafta lafdhabarta iyo cad ka-qaadista si loo caawiyo sameynta baaritaan haboon.

Aqoonsiga Philadelphia chromosome ee 1960-kii waxay keeneen horumarin weyn ee daaweynta CML. Tani waxay aasaas u tahay aasaaska cusub ee daaweynta CML loo yaqaan "tyrosine kinase inhibitors", sida Gleevac (imatinib mesylate) iyo Sprycel (dasatinib).

Dhawaan dhawaan, Tasigna (nilotinib) ayaa la ogolaaday in lagu daaweeyo dadka qaangaarka ah ee cusub ee Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph +) CML ee marxaladda joogtada ah.

Nilotinib sidoo kale waxaa loo tixgeliyaa tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

_Ilaha

_{Goldman, J. iyo Daley, G. (2007). Xanuunka Xanuunka Xiidmaha ee Myeloid. Melo, J., iyo Goldman, J. (Eds.) Dhibaatooyinka Myeloproliferative (pp.1-13). New York. Duufaan.}

_{Sherbenou, D. iyo Druker, B. "Dalbashada helitaanka Philipsphia chromosome" " Journal of Clinical Investigation August 2007 117: 2067-74.}

_{Adamson PC. Hagaajinta Natiijada loogu talagalay Carruurta Kansarka: Horumarinta Wakiilada Cusub. CA Kansarka J Clin. 2015; 65 (3): 212-220.}

_{Nowell PC. Discovery of Philadelphia chromosome: aragti shakhsi ah. Joornaalka Baaritaanka Daaweynta. 2007; 117 (8): 2033-2035.}