Indiana HIV-ga wuxuu muujinayaa khatarta aan waxqabadka lahayn
Bishii Maarso 27, 2015, kadibna guddoomiyaha gobolka Indiana Mike Pence ayaa ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah kadib markii mas'uuliyiinta caafimaadka dadweynaha ay xaqiijiyeen in 81 xaaladood oo cusub oo HIV ah ay ka mid yihiin dadka isticmaala daroogada (IDUs) ee gobolka Scott County. Kiisaska intooda badan waxaa lagu go'doomay gudaha iyo agagaarka magaalada Austin (pop 4.295), halkaasoo infekshinada ugu horreyntii ay sababeen wadaagista cirbadaha inta lagu duriayo daawada opioid ee xanuunka, Opana (oxymorphone).
Ilaa horraantii Abriil, tirada kiisaska la xaqiijiyay ayaa kor u kacay ilaa 190.
Kadib markii la sii daayay wargeyska, Pence ayaa kudilay tallaabooyin caafimaad oo deg-deg ah, oo ay ku jirto barnaamij isweydaarsi ku-meel-gaadh ah oo isweydaarsi ah kaas oo siyaasiyiinta xagjirnimada ah ee dawlad-goboleedku muddo dheer diidanaa Barnaamijka sanadka oo dhan wuxuu dadka reer Scott Scott u adeegsanayay la-talin yareynta dhibaatada iyo bixinta sirijiryada bilaashka ah ee usbuuca. Intaa waxaa dheer, diiwaangelinta goob-joogga ah ee gobolka cusub ee gobolka ee ku yaala Indiana ( HIP) wuxuu dadka dakhliga hoose ee dakhliga soo galaa ugu deeqay daryeel caafimaad oo degdeg ah.
Indiana waxay ka mid tahay laba dawladood oo daraasad oo Maraykanku ku xukumay qaybinta iyo haysashada irbadaha aan laheyn warqad rijeeto ah, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qirashada ay ku dhiirrigeliso isticmaalka daroogada. Ka dib markii ay ka dillaacday Indiana, sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka ayaa ansixiyay biilka u oggolaanaya barnaamijyada isweydaarsiga iinta si ay u shaqeeyaan gobollo gaar ah laakiin kaliya haddii ay tahay hay'ad caafimaad oo degaanka ah "ku dhawaaqaysa cudurrada HIV ee cagaarshowga C ah ee isticmaalayaasha daroogada ee injirta" iyo guddiga caafimaadka gobolka ayaa ogolaatay codsiga.
Dadaalka loo maro sharci-dejinta joogtada ah ee dowlad-goboleedka ee isbeddelka ayaa muddo dheer la hakiyay, iyadoo Pence qudhiisu caddeeyay mucaaradkiisa ku aaddan tallaabooyinka ku salaysan "asaasiga anshaxa."
Ma ahayn oo keliya markii Pence uu qaatay xukun ciqaabeed oo ka dhan ah tallaabooyinka ka-hortagga HIV-ga ee uu u arko amar-diimeed. Xilliga uu ku guulaystay ee Congress-ka 2000, Pence wuxuu soo jeediyay in lacagaha fedraalka ee federaaliga ah ee lagu bixiyay sharciga Ryan White Care Act laga yaabo inay ka mid yihiin ururada "u dabaaldegaan oo dhiiri galiya" khaniisnimada "hay'adaha caawiya kuwa doonaya inay bedelaan habdhaqankooda galmada."
In kasta oo cudurku uu si toos ah u fiirsanayo dunida Indiana iyo magaalada yar yar, magaalada saboolka ah ee xuduuda waqooyiga Kentucky-oo leh dad badan oo ku dhawaaqaya dhacdada "aan horay loo arag" -oo ka digay inaan loo baahnayn in loo arko inuu yahay mid gooni ah ama mid gaar ah.
Sidee ay u dhacday khalkhalka Hindiya ee ku soo batay Ruushka iyo Bartamaha Yurub
Inkasta oo jinsiga inta badan loo arko inuu yahay qaabka ugu muhiimsan ee HIV-ga caalamka oo dhan, cilmi-baarista epidemiological ayaa muujisay in tani aysan ahayn had iyo jeer kiiska. Sanadihii ugu danbeeyay, saraakiisha caafimaadka ee caalamiga ah ayaa arkay muuqaal khatar ah oo ku saabsan infekshannada cusub ee HIV ee Central Asia, Bariga Yurub, iyo Ruushka, iyada oo kordhisay in ka badan 250 boqolkiiba tan 2001.
Meelo badan oo ka mid ah gobolladaas, isticmaalka daroogada ayaa maanta la tixgeliyaa habka ugu muhiimsan ee cudurka HIV-oo ay ku jiraan Estonia halkaas oo 50 boqolkiiba dhammaan cudurrada cusubi ay ka mid yihiin IDUs iyo St. Petersburg, Russia halka IDUs ay ka dhigan yihiin 59 boqolkiiba dhammaan cudurrada HIV. Dhammaantood waxay sheegeen, in 40 boqolkiiba oo ka mid ah dhammaan infekshannada cusub ee gobolka ku yaalla ay si toos ah ama si aan toos ahaynba u bixinayaan, wadaagista irbadaha HIV-ga qaba.
Inkastoo lamaanaha Austin, Indiana iyo Central Asia laga yaabo inay u muuqdaan kuwa ugu horreeya ee muuqda, darawallada infekshanku waxay ku dhow yihiin buugga wax lagu qoro.
Saboolnimada si qotodheer u ah, la'aanta adeegyo ka hortag ah, iyo wadada loo yaqaanno daroogada ka ganacsiga daroogada ayaa badanaa isu iman karta, sidii ay ku sameeyeen Austin, si ay u abuuraan "duufaanta ku habboon" ee dillaaca.
In Indiana, tusaale ahaan, Highway 65, oo si toos ah u duulaya Austin, waxaa loo yaqaanaa daroogo weyn oo daroogo ah oo u dhexeeya magaalooyinka Indianapolis iyo Louisville, Kentucky. Heerarka sare ee saboolnimada ee Austin (37%) ayaa loo yaqaanaa inay la xiriirto heerarka korodhka isticmaalka maandooriyaha, oo leh shabakado bulsheed oo salka ku haya isticmaalka isticmaalka daroogooyinka sida Opana (oo ka mid ah seddexda daroogo ee ugu sarreeya ee daawada loo isticmaalo ee Maraykanka maanta ).
Iyada oo keliya hal dhakhtar oo ku yaal magaalada iyo diidmada qayaxan ee barnaamijyada isweydaarsiga iijaabada ayaa wata xad-gudubka xitaa dhulka hoostiisa, intooda badan waxay isku raaceen in wax yar uun laga yaabo inay ka hortagaan in cudurku dillaaco.
Marka la barbardhigo, kororka infekshinka IDU ee Bartamaha Aasiya, Bariga Yurub, iyo Ruushka ayaa la raadin karaa illaa bartamihii 1990-maadkii kadib markii la jabsaday Midawga Soofiyeeti. Dhibaatada dhaqaale xumida ee keentay in la siiyo tahriibiyeyaasha daroogada fursad ay ku kordhiyaan ganacsiga heroin ee ka socda Afgaanistaan, adduunka ugu wayn ee wax soo saarka, ugu badnaan gobolka. Iyadoo ay yar tahay habka dawladu wax uga qabato iyo ka soo horjeeda adeegyada ka hortagga iyo / ama takoorka mukhadaraadka, cudurka AIDS-ka ee loo yaqaan 'IDUs' waxaa loo oggolaaday in uu korto waxa maanta la joogo: in ka badan hal milyan oo infekshanka HIV ee keliya saddexdaas gobol.
Isticmaalka Isticmaalka Daroogada Isticmaalka Maraykanka
Isbaddallada noocaan oo kale ah waxaa lagu arkaa kaliya Waqooyiga Afrika iyo Bariga Dhexe, laakiin meelo ka baxsan Waqooyiga Ameerika. Xaqiiqdii, sannadkii 2007, isticmaalka daroogada ee loo isticmaalo daroogada ayaa lagu soo warramey inay tahay tan saddexaad ee ugu badan ee lagu soo sheego Maraykanka, ka dib markii la xiriiro galmo lab iyo dhedig iyo xidhiidh khatar ah oo khatar ah .
Tan iyo horraantii illaa bartamihii 1990-meeyadii, dadaalada waxay sameeyeen in la kordhiyo barnaamijyada isweydaarsiga iinta ee qarsoodiga ah, si loo yareeyo dhacdooyinka HIV iyo cudurada kale ee la isqaadsiiyo ee IDUs. Maanta, waxaa jira in ka badan 200 barnaamijyada Maraykanka ah, oo loo qaybiyo in ka badan 36 milyan oo cirbadaha sanadkiiba.
Gobolka New York, masuuliyiinta caafimaadka dadweynaha ayaa sheegay in xaaladdan HIV-ga ay hoos u dhacday 52% sanadkii 1992-dii, markii barnaamijkii isbeddelka ee isdaba-marinta gobolka la aasaasay, ilaa 3 boqolkiiba sannadkii 2012. Kordhinta isticmaalka daaweynta antiretroviral ee IDUs ayaa sidoo kale loo arkaa waxay ku biiraan qiimaha hoose.
Ilaha:
Wasaarada Caafimaadka Indiana. "Shaqaalaha Caafimaadka, Dawladaha Hoose iyo Federaalka ee Ka Jawaabaya HIV-ga." Indiana, Indianapolis; saxaafadeed ayaa la soo saarey March 27, 2015.
> Nichols, C. "Taageerada Pence ee daaweynta isdhaafsiga maahan arrin la xaliyay." Siyaasadda. Diisambar 2, 2016; soo daabacay internetka.
Strathdee, S. iyo Stockman, J. "Epidemiology of HIV ka mid ah Isticmaalayaasha Isticmaalka Daroogada iyo Non-Injecting: Isticmaalka Tilmaamaha iyo Saameynta ee Interventions." Warbixinta HIV / AIDS ee hadda. May 2010; 7 (2): 99-106.
Green, T .; Martin, E .; Bowman, S .; et al. "Nolosha Ka Dib Banaanka: Qiimaynta Sarrifka Sheyga Maraykanka." Somali Journal of Public Health. May 2012; 102 (5): e9-e16.
Waaxda Caafimaadka ee New York Waaxda Caafimaadka ee AIDS. " Hoos-u-dhaca Dhibaatada Dhameystiran ee Dib-u-Dhigista Khariidada HIV-ga Cusub. " Albany, New York; soo saaray 4-tii Maarso, 2014.