Isticmaalayaasha daroogada ee loo yaqaan 'IDUs' ayaa muddo dheer loo tixgeliyey koox khatar sare leh ee helitaanka HIV . Tani waxay si gaar ah u tahay qaybo ka mid ah Bariga Yurub iyo Bartamaha Asia halkaas oo daawooyinka cirbadeynta ay sii wadaan wadada ugu weyn ee isu gudbinta, taas oo ku dhawaad 70% cudurada HIV.
Marka iyo waynu, waxaanu u leenahay in aan isku xirno isticmaalka daroogada ee daroogada leh daroogo sharci darro ah sida hiirowiin ama isku-dar ah hirowiin iyo kookayn ("xawaareyn").
Iyadoo kuwan ay sii wadaan inay noqdaan daawooyinka ugu badan ee la isku duro ee loo isticmaalo IDU-yada qaba HIV-ga, waxaa jiray isbeddel ku saabsan qaababka isticmaalka daroogada sanadihii la soo dhaafay.
Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii ay soo saartey Public Health England (PHE), isticmaalka daawooyinka la isku mudo, sawirada iyo waxtarka kor u kaca (IPEDs) sida hormoonnada anabolic iyo hormoonka koritaanka dadka (HGH) ayaa kor u kacaya, khatarta HIV-ga u dhiganta in kuwa isticmaala herowiinada oo la wadaago cirbadaha.
Dhab ahaantii, qaybo ka mid ah Boqortooyada Midowday (UK), isticmaaleyaasha IPED waxay u taagan yihiin kooxda kaliya ee ugu weyn ee shakhsiyaadka galaya barnaamijyada iswaydaarsiga curyaaminta, iyada oo ku dhowaad 10 qof oo qaba HIV , cagaarshowga B (HBV) , ama cagaarshow C (HCV) . Warbixinta ayaa sidoo kale qeexday walaac leh, saddex laab laabashada isticmaalka amphetamines ee lagu mudo (oo ay ku jiraan methamphetamine iyo mephedrone) oo ka mid ah dadka isticmaala IPED.
Da'da dhexdhexaadka ah ee daraasaddan cilmibaadhista waxay ahayd 28 sano, iyada oo 36% ay sheegeen in ay qaadeen stabdhooistaha muddo shan sano ah ama ka badan.
Guud ahaan, ku dhawaad 18% ayaa la soo sheegay inay wadaagaan irbad ama sirinjiye, iyada oo la wadaago daroogada daroogada, ama labadaba marka la qaadanayo IPED.
HIV iyo Isticmaalka Isticmaalka Steroid
Inkasta oo aynu inta badan wadaagno steroids anaboleed la jirka jirka jirka iyo cayaaraha waxqabadka, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu daaweeyo tiro ka mid ah xaaladaha HIV-la xiriira. Daaweynta stabdhabka anabolic waxaa mararka qaarkood lagu tilmaamaa shakhsiyaadka ku soo boodey khasaare aad u daran sababtoo ah HIV ama muruqyada daran ee ka yimaada lipodystrophy (mararka qaarkood dib-u-daadinta dufanka jidhka).
Daaweynta beddelka tijaabada ee loo yaqaan 'testosterone replacement' ayaa sidoo kale lagu shaqeeyaa ragga HIV-ga qaba iyo dumarka kuwaas oo ku dhacay heerar badan oo testosterone ( hypogonadism ).
Inkastoo daawooyinka aan la isticmaalin ee daawooyinkaas la heli karo-oo ay ku jiraan dawooyinka afka, dhejisyada lays qaadsiiyo, iyo kiriimyada jirka la isku duro ayaa badanaa lagu qoraa iyadoo la adeegsanayo qaabka daaweynta caafimaadka.
Waa meel ka baxsan xuduudahan, oo ah aagga muuqaalka iyo kor u qaadista waxqabadka, in halista HIV ay u muuqato in la kordhiyo. Waxaa maanta lagu soo waramey in gudaha England iyo Wales, gobolka, halkaas oo daraasadda PHE ay diiradda saartay, meel kasta oo ka mid ah 37,000 illaa 82,000 qof ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay isticmaalaan stabdhab anaboleed sannad gudihiis.
Anabolic Steroids iyo Amphetamines
Ka mid ah dadka isticmaala IPED ee daraasaddan, isticmaalka isugudbinta ee amphetamines ayaa loo arkaa inay si gaar ah ugu sarayso ragga ragga galmoodka leh (MSM) . Sida laga soo xigtay daraasaddan, mid ka mid ah afartan ka mid ah ayaa ka warbixiyay daroogada cilmi-nafsiga, kuwaas oo 25% ay wadaagaan irbad ama cirbado.
Muddo dheer ayaa la ogaaday in isticmaalka amphetamines ee la isku mudo (ficil loo yaqaan "slamming") ay kordhin karto suurtagalnimada cudurka HIV -waxayna kaliya ahayn marka cirbadaha la wadaago. Khatarta qaadashada galmada waxaa loo yaqaanaa in la kordhiyo iyada oo saameyn ku leh methamphetamine kalluunka iyo daroogooyinka fasalka ee la midka ah.
In kasta oo tani ay tixgelin karto qaar ka mid ah infekshanka HIV-ga ee ka muuqda ka qaybgalayaasha daraasadda, guud ahaan keliya 5% ayaa soo sheegey daawooyinka loo yaqaan psychoactive iyo 9% oo keliya oo kuwan la wadaagay irbad. Sidaa daraadeed, isticmaalka amphetamine waxaa laga yaabaa inay kordhiso halista isu gudbinta shakhsi ahaaneed, taasi maaha mid sii kordheysa ee cudurada HIV / HBV / HCV ee lagu arkay kuwa isticmaala IPED.
Sidee loo yareeyaa Halista gudbinta
Mid ka mid ah tallaabooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee lagu yareynayo halista HIV ee isticmaaleyaasha IPED waa in ay marka hore aqoonsadaan in isticmaalka hababka anabolic anabolic, HGH, testosterone, ama gonadotropin bini-aadanka ah ee bini-aadanka ah ay qaadato halis isku mid ah daawooyinka kale ee la isku duro.
Sidaa daraadeed, isla xeer ayaa quseeya marka la yareeyo dabeecadaha khatarta ah, sida:
- Ha la wadaagin cirbadaha ama sirinjiyeyaasha, oo iska ilaali wadaagida weelka IPED ee u dhexeeya dadka isticmaala.
- Helitaanka barnaamij isdhaafsiga irbadda si aad u hubiso in aad haysatid cirbado ama siriinjo badan.
- Haddii aad isku aragto xaalad ah cirbadaha la wadaago ama dib loo isticmaalo, qaado taxadarrada saxda ah si loo hubiyo in lagu nadiifiyo isticmaalka.
- Iska ilaali isticmaalka IPED inta lagu jiro saameynta khamriga, daroogooyinka ama walax kasta oo saameyn kara xukunkaaga. U raadso daaweyn habboon haddii ay dhacdo aalkolo ama ku xadgudubka mukhaadaraadka.
- Haddii aad isticmaashay cirbadaha iyo cabsida laga yaabo inaad qabto HIV, u tag rugta caafimaadka ee kuugu dhow ama qolka xaaladaha degdegga ah adigoon dib u dhigin si aad u heshid baaritaan qoto dheer (PrEP ), oo la yiraahdo yareynta suurtagalka infekshanka HIV.
Ugu dambeyntiina, xasuusnoow in HIV uusan ahayn midka kaliya ee la xariira isticmaalka IPED. Isticmaalka dheeriga ah ee steroids iyo testosterone ayaa sababi kara dhibaatooyinka beerka ee daran, oo ay ku jiraan cirrosis iyo kansar. Xanuun, xayawaanka labka ah, xajmiga tijaabada, cilladda galmada, ballaarinta prostate, ballaarinta naasaha, iyo "fara-xuma badan" (xanaaq badan iyo walbahaarka) ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa.
Xigasho:
Barnaamijka Wadajirka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay ee HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Xaqiiqda dhabta 06 | Bariga Yurub iyo Bartamaha Aasiya." Geneva, Switzerland; 2006.
Hope, V .; McVeigh, J .; Marongui, A .; et al. "Ka hortagga, iyo waxyeelada halista ah ee HIV, Cagaarshow B iyo C infekshannada ragga ah kuwaas oo ku muuji sawirada iyo waxtarka kor loo qaado daroogada: daraasad isweydaaris ah." British Journal of Medicine. Sebtember 12, 2013; 3 (9): e003027.
Xafiiska Arrimaha Gudaha. "Tusaha Isticmaalka Isticmaalka Mukhaadaraadka Isticmaalka Daroogada: Natiijooyinka ka soo baxay Sahanka Dembiyada ee England iyo Wales." London, England; July 25, 2013.
Grinspoon, S. "Isticmaalka Androgens ee ragga iyo haweenka qaba HIV." Dhakhaatiirta Cilmi-baarista Network-ka. Maarso 2005.