Isticmaalida "Calaamad" Cellular si loo Abuuro Therapies Targeted
Calaamadaha CD-yada, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan antigens CD, waa noocyo gaar ah oo ka mid ah molecules laga helo korka unugyada kuwaas oo ka caawinaya kala-saarida hal unug oo kale. Dhab ahaan, xarafka "CD" wuxuu u taagan yahay "kooxo kala duwan," magacii ugu horeeyay ee la aasaasay sannadkii 1982.
Inkasta oo dadka qaarkiis laga yaabo inay yaqaanaan ereyada CD4 iyo CD8, taas oo ka takhalusta unugyada difaaca jirka ee loo yaqaanno T-cells , ma jiraan wax ka yar 371 antigens caan ah oo "tag" si kaste oo dhan unug kasta oo jidhka ah, iyada oo mid waliba siinaysa calaamadaha gaarka ah .
Waa maxay Calaamadaha CD-yada noo sheegaan
Waxyaabaha kale, calaamadaha CD ayaa loo adeegsadaa in lagu kala saaro unugyada dhiiga cad oo uu jidhku soo saaray si ay uga caawiyaan la dagaallanka cudurka. Unugyadaasi waa qaybo ka mid ah nidaamka difaaca jirka ee ka shaqeeya tandem si loo garto, loo bartilmaameedsado, looguna takhaluso cudurada keena cudurada.
Tusaale ahaan, CD4 T-cells ayaa loo yaqaan 'unugyada caawiye' sababtoo ah doorka ay tahay inay calaamad u noqoto "killer" CD8 T-cells si ay u weeraraan oo ay uhtiraamaan pathogen gaar ah.
Iyadoo la fahmayo isbedelladan, aqoonyahaniintu waxay adeegsan karaan calaamadaha CD-yada si ayan u qiimeynin xaaladda xaaladda cudurka (oo lagu qiyaaso kororka ama hoos u dhaca tirada unugyada) laakiin qiyaasta awoodda nidaamka difaaca nafteeda. Xaaladaha qaarkood sida HIV iyo xubinta taranka xubnaha ayaa la xiriirta xakameynta difaaca , taasoo macnaheedu yahay in jidhku aanu awood u lahayn inuu fuulo difaac difaaca sida lagu caddeeyey maqnaanshaha CD4 T-cells.
Ka hor inta aan la hirgelin magacaabida CD-ga, qiimeynta shaqsiga difaaca jirka ayaa ah mid aad u adag oo aan gaar aheyn.
CD Calaamadaha Kansarka Baaritaanka iyo Daaweynta
Marka lagu daro kormeerka infekshanka iyo xaalada difaaca jirka, antigenska CD waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu ogaado koritaanka aan caadi ahayn ee unugyada loo yaqaan ' neoplasm' . Neoplasms waxaa laga yaabaa inuu yahay qufac (aan kansar ahayn), malignant (kansar), ama ka horjoogsan, laakiin, sida unugyada kale, waxay leeyihiin calaamado CD oo saynisyahannadu isticmaali karaan si ay u aqoonsadaan.
Calaamadaha CD ma aha oo kaliya muhiim u ah ogaanshaha kansarka, waxay ku caawin karaan in la ogaado noocyada daaweyntu ay ugu guuleysan karto oo ay cabbirayso sida ay waxtarka ugu yeelan karaan daaweynta ayadoo la ilaalinaayo isbeddelada calaamadaha CD-ga ee ku habboon.
Intaa waxaa dheer, cilmi-baarayaashu maanta waxay awoodaan inay abuuraan nooc ka mid ah borotiinka difaaca, oo loo yaqaanno antibody monoclonal (mAb) , taas oo loo gooyo antigen gaar ah. Noocyada difaaca jirka ee koontoroola ayaa waxay la jaanqaadayaan kuwa jidhka soo saaray, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa inay la dagaallamaan kansarka nooc ka mid ah daaweyn loo yaqaan ' immunotherapy targeted' .
Marka lagu duro jirka, mAbs waxay u dhaqmi kartaa siyaabo kala duwan oo ku xiran naqshadooda:
- Waxay ku xiran karaan calaamadda CD-ka ee unugyada kansarka waxayna ku dili karaan.
- Waxay ku xiran yihiin calaamadaha CD-ka ee unugyada kansarka waxayna xannibayaan awooddooda inay ku noqdaan, joojiyaan ama yareeyaan koritaankooda.
- Waxaa laga yaabaa inay sare u qaadaan difaaca dabiiciga ah ee jirka gaar ahaan kansarkaas.
Meelaha jirka ka baxsan, mAbs waxaa badanaa loo adeegsadaa baaritaanka si loo ogaado antibiyootiyada gaarka ah ee dhiiga, unugyada, ama shaybaarka jirka.
Immunotherapy Targeted for Cancer
Maaddooyinka difaaca ee monoclonal ayaa maanta loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo cuduro badan oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan qaar ka mid ah cudurrada cusbataallada iyo noocyada kansarka qaarkood. Waxtarkooda waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan, iyadoo kansarrada qaarkooda ay ka jawaabayaan wax ka fiican kuwa kale.
Iyadoo la sheego, horumarinta tiknoolajiyadda hiddo-wadaha ayaa horseeday tiro sii kordheysa oo ah wakiilo immunotherapeetic ah. Marka laga soo tago jiilka hore ee chemotherapy kaas oo bartilmaameed unugyada degdega ah, labadaba kansar iyo caafimaad qaba, daawooyinkan cusub ee cusub ayaa beegsanaya oo keliya unugyada leh CD "tag."
Daawooyinka hadda ay ansaxisay Maamulka Cuntada Mareykanka ee Maraykanka si loogu isticmaalo talaalka difaaca jirka kansarka:
- Adcetris (brentuximab vedotin) ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo lymfoma Hodgkin lymphoma iyo anaplastic lymphoma
- Arzerra (ofatumumab) ayaa loo adeegsadey in lagu daweeyo xuubka 'lymphocytic leukemia' (SLL) iyo lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- Blincyto (Blinatumomab) ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo noocyo kala duwan oo ah qanjiraha 'lymphocytic leukemia' (ALL)
- Campath (alemtuzumab) ayaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta CLL
- Gazyva (obinutuzumab) ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo SLL iyo CLL
- Herceptin (trastuzumab) ayaa lagu daaweeyaa kansarka naasaha iyo caloosha
- Kadycla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine) ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daweeyo noocyada kansarka naasaha
- Keytruda (atbrolizumab) ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daweeyo kansarka madaxa iyo qoorta
- Ontak (denileukin diftitox) ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo lymfoma maqaarka
- Opdivo (nivolumab) ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo kansarka sanbabada qanjirada ah iyo kansarrada madaxa iyo qoorta
- Rituxan (rituximab) ayaa loo adeegsadey in lagu daaweeyo noocyada qaarkood ee lymphoma non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
- Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) ayaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta noocyada NHL
> Ilo:
> Bulshada Mareykanka ee Kansarka. "Monoclonal difaaca si loo daaweeyo kansarka." Atlanta, Georgia; cusbooneysiiyay Oktoobar 2017.
> Vanneman, R. iyo Dranoff, G. "Isku-dubaridka talaalka difaaca iyo daaweynta la beegsanayo daaweynta kansarka." Nat Rev Cancer. 2012: 12: 237-51. DOI: 10.1038 / nrc3237.