Unugyada difaaca ayaa ah bartilmaameedka ugu weyn ee cudurka HIV
T-yaryaradu waa qayb ka mid ah unugyada dhiiga cad oo ka ciyaara doorka muhiimka ah ee nidaamka difaaca jidhka. CD4 waa, ka soo horjeeda, nooc ka mid ah borotiinka laga helo unugyada difaaca jirka sida T-cells, macrophages, iyo monocytes.
CD4 T-cells ayaa loo tixgeliyaa unugyo "caawiye" maxaa yeelay ma ayan dhalin karin caabuqa laakiin waxay keenaysaa jawaabta jidhka ee cudurada.
Jawaabta, CD8 T-unugyada - waxay u dhigantaa noocyada borotiinka ee dusha sare - ka ciyaari qayb ka mid ah unugyada "killer" iyagoo soo saaraya walxaha (antibodies) kuwaas oo gacan ka geysanaya la dagaallanka fayrasyada iyo kuwa kale ee ajnabiga ah.
Doorka CD4 T-Cells ee Caabuqa HIV
Mid ka mid ah isdaba-taagga infekshanka HIV waa in unugyada intooda badan loogu talagalay in ay bilaabaan difaaca jirka ay isku mid yihiin kuwa loogu talagalay cudurka HIV . Sida retrovirus, HIV wuxuu u baahan yahay in uu ku dhaco unugyo "martida" si loo sameeyo nuqullo laftiisa ah. Unugyada CD4 waa bartilmaameedka ugu muhiimsan ee arrintan ku saabsan marka cudurka la qaado.
Inta lagu jiro infekshanka, HIV wuxuu ku xiraa unugyada gargaarka ah, isaga oo faaruqinaya alaabtamida hiddo-wadaha si loogu isticmaalo codka hiddo-wadaha ee martida loo bedeli karo si loo soo saaro virus-yada kale ee HIV. In sidaas la sameeyo, unugga martida ee CD4 waa la dilay, awooddiisuna ay ku dhalin karto difaaca jirka waa in si tartiib tartiib ah loo tirtiro dhibcahaas oo kale si looga saaro jirka oo u furan infekshinka fursadaha .
Dhaqdhaqaaqa HIV waa sida "killer" CD8 T-yari sii kordhaya indho la'aanta cudurka infekshanka oo ugu dambeyntii awoodi kari waayaan in ay la qabsadaan dadka sii kordhaya ee HIV (sida lagu qiyaaso culeyska fayraska ). Haddii aan la daaweynin, nidaamka difaaca ayaa, dhammaan kiisaska dhifta ah, waxay gebi ahaan burburayaan (ama noqdaan kuwo khatar ah).
Noocyada CD4 T-Cells
Inta badan maaha inaanu ka fikirno CD4 T-unugyada hal nooc oo unug. Dhab ahaantii, waxay ahayd kaliya bartamihii 1980-yadii ee aqoonyahanadu bilaabeen inay aqoonsadaan qaybo kala duwan oo leh hawlo kala duwan. Qaar ka mid ah ayaa muhiim u ah waxqabadka makrofage iyo unugyada dendritic inta lagu jiro caabuqa bilawga ah, halka kuwa kale ay toos u difaacaan difaaca marka ay wajahayaan, shakhsi ahaan, iyaga oo leh noolaha noolaha, bakteeriyada, ama fayraska.
Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah "T-Assister 1", "T-Assister 2", "T-Assister 9", "T-Assister", "T-assister 17", "T-cell", iyo taageeraha "follicular T-cell", mid kasta oo ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee walxaha si uu u caawiyo nacfiyada fayraska.
Sidee baan ku cabirnaa CD4 T-Cells (iyo Maxay tahay)?
Marka la go'aaminayo tirada unugyada CD4 ee ku shaqeynaya dhiigga, dhakhtarka ayaa go'aamin kara xaaladda habdhiska difaaca jirka. Baaritaan dhiig oo fudud oo la yiraahdo tirada CD4 ayaa qiyaasi doona tirada unugyada CD4 ee ku shaqeeya millimitirigga dhiigga. Tirada CD4-ga oo ka sarreeya, ayaa sii xoogeeysa howlaha difaaca.
In qof weyn oo caafimaad qaba, tirada CD4 caadi ah way kala duwanaan kartaa (dadweynaha, da 'da', iwm.) Laakiin caadi ahaan qiyaastii 500 ilaa 1500 unug kasta halkii millimitir oo dhiig ah (mL). Marka uu hoos u dhaco 200, si kastaba ha ahaatee, markaa cudurku waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay AIDS (helitaanka difaaca difaaca jirka).
Waa waqtigaan in caabuqyada ugu caansan ee fursadaha fursadaha loo ogaado inay dhacaan sababtoo ah nidaamka difaaca jirka ayaa si waxtar leh u xakameynaya cudurka.
Ka hor 2016, xisaabta CD4 ayaa loo adeegsaday macneheeda taas oo lagu go'aaminayo goorta la bilaabayo daweynta antiretroviral (ART) . Laakiin sanadihii la soo dhaafay, doorka ayaa la beddelay iyadoo hay'adaha caalamiga ah ay hadda ansaxiyeen qorshaha degdegga ah ee daweynta HIV ee daaweynta (intii aan sugin ilaa tirada CD4 ay hoos ugu dhacday 500 unug / mL, sida uu ahaa tilmaame hore).
Tirada CD4 waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa si loo kormeero jawaabta shakhsi ahaaneed ee daaweynta, iyada oo horay loo bilaabay ART guud ahaan awood u leh soo celinta shaqsiga difaaca jirka.
Taas bedelkeeda, dadka bilaaba ART ee CD4 aad u hooseeya (ka yar 100 unug / mL) ayaa inta badan waxay leeyihiin waqti aad u adag oo dib u dhiska CD4 ay ku xisaabtamaan heerarka caadiga ah, gaar ahaan ka dib markii uu jiro xanuun daran.
Sidaas awgeed, waa muhiim, in la is tijaabiyo sida ku cad xeerarka Maraykanka ee hadda jira, oo raadso daryeel taxaddir leh haddii ay dhacdo cudurka HIV-ga. Haddii daaweyntu si dhakhso ah u bilowdo, dadka qaba HIV hadda waxay leeyihiin fursad wanaagsan oo nolol caadi ah oo caafimaad leh .
Ilaha:
> Hay'adaha Qaranka ee Caafimaadka (NIH). "Bilaabidda daaweynta antiretroviral hore waxay horumarisaa natiijooyinka dadka shubanka qaba HIV." Bethesda, Maryland; laga soo bilaabo May 27, 2015.
> Seng, R .; Goujard, C .; Krastinova, E .; et al. "Saameyn ku saabsan fiditaanka HIV ee mudada dheer ah ee ku saabsan soo kabashada mudada dheer ee CD4 + tirada iyo saamiga CD4 + / CD8 + ee bukaannada daaweyn antiretroviral ah oo isku dhafan." AIDS . January 13, 2015; la daabacay ka hor daabacaadda; DOI: 10.1097.
> Zhu, J. iyo Bawlos, W. "Unugyada CD4: Tilmaamo, hawlo, iyo qalad." Dhiiga. 2008: 1557-1569.
> Luckheeram, R .; Zhou, R .; Verma, A .; et al. "CD4 + T Noocyada: Iskudhinta iyo Fadhiyada." Xeeldheer iyo Daaweyn Kobcineed. 2012: 2012 (925135); DOI 10.1155 / 2012/925135.