Monocytes Muuqal Nidaamka Nidaamka Immune System
Monocytes waa nooca unugyada dhiigga cad. Sida unugyada kale ee dhiigga cad, monocytes ayaa muhiim u ah awoodda difaaca jirka ee lagu burburinayo soo galootiga, laakiin sidoo kale fududaynta bogsashada iyo dayactirka. Monocytes ayaa lagu sameeyaa dhuuxa lafta loona sii daayo dhiigga dillaaca, halkaas oo ay ku wareegaan dhowr maalmood. Waxay ka kooban yihiin qiyaastii 5-10 boqolkiiba unugyada dhiigga ee wareega dhiigga ee dadka caafimaad qaba.
Monocytes waxaa laga yaabaa inay ugu wacan tahay doorka ay u adeegayaan inay noqdaan wax ay ka mid yihiin in ciidamo milateri ahaan loo kaydiyo. Qaar ka mid ah waxaa laga yaabaa in loo yeero haddii loo baahdo, si ay u sameeyaan horgalayaasha laba nooc oo kale oo ah unugyada dhiigga cad: unugyada maqaarka iyo unugyada dendritic . Laakiin monocytes sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin door kale oo cudur iyo cudur, qaar ka mid ah kuwaas oo aan waxba ku lahayn makrophages unugyada iyo dendritic unugyada.
Maxay Sameeyaan Isku-kalsoonida Caafimaad ee Caafimaadka ee ku Jira Jidhka?
Ilaa dhowaan, doorka ugu muhiimsan ee monocytes waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay dareemaan bay'ada iyo buuxinta barkhada maqaarka iyo unugyada dendritic, sida loo baahdo.
Hadda waxaa la ogyahay in qaybaha kala duwan ee monocytes ay leeyihiin calaamado kala duwan, ama sumado borotiinka dibedda ah, waxaana qaybahaas laga yaabaa inay sidoo kale u dhaqmaan si kala duwan. Saddex nooc oo kaladuwan oo kala duwan ayaa hadda lagu sharaxay:
- Monocytes-da caadiga ah waxay ka dhigan tahay qiyaastii 80 boqolkiiba wadarta guud ee dadweynaha.
- 20% ee soo hadhay waxay ku qori karaan sumadaha borotiinka sida
- monocytes aan caadi ahayn iyo
- monocytes dhexe.
Marka ay timaaddo noocyada kala duwan ee monocytes iyo sida ay u shaqeeyaan nidaamka difaaca, cilmi-baarayaashu wali waxay ka shaqeynayaan faahfaahinta, waxaana intaa ka badan oo hadda la yaqaanaa monocytes mouse ka badan monocytes aadanaha.
Ereyada "caabuqa" iyo "anti-bararka" ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa inay tilmaamaan monocytes bini-aadamka, oo ku saleysan sumadaha borotiinka ee gaarka ah, ama qaboojiyeyaasha, laga helo dibadda unugyadaas. Si kastaba ha noqotee, aadanuhu si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa maxay saamiga monocytes uu yahay mid ku filan in uu galo ama ka baxo unugyada, iyo caddayntu waxay soo jeedinayaan inay jiraan noocyada monocytes oo laysku dhejin karo loona dhejin karo, ama fajiistimo, kuwa soo weerara laakiin aan si firfircoon u hirgelin caabuq.
In Spleen
Tirada wanaagsan ee monocytes bini'aadamka ayaa la aaminsan yahay inay u haajiraan unugyada jirkaada oo dhan oo laga yaabo in ay ku noolaadaan ama sii kiciyaan makrofages kuwaas oo fuliya shaqooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah si loola dagaallamo cudurka iyo nadiifinta unugyada dhintay. Cudurradu waxay leeyihiin dhammaan noocyada waaweyn ee "fagosiyoon mononium", oo ay ku jiraan makrophages, unugritikada iyo monocytes. Sidan, bukaanku wuxuu noqon karaa goobta firfircoon ee habka difaaca jirka .
Nabadgelyo Nadiif ah
Xasaasiyad la'aanta ah waxaa loola jeedaa difaacida aad ku dhalatay, maaha difaac dheeraad ah oo aad la socoto oo laga yaabo inaad yeelato ka dib, sheeg, tallaal ama ka dib markaad ka bogsato cudur faafa. Nidaamka difaaca jirku wuxuu u shaqeeyaa habab kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan fagocytosis iyo inflammation. Macrifooyinka waxay ku lug yeelan karaan fagocytosis, oo ah geeddi-socod ay gashadaan oo burburiyaan qashinka iyo soo duulayaasha.
Waxay sidoo kale awoodaan inay "hawlgabaan" waayeel kasta, ka digo unugyada dhiigga cas cas sidan. Makrofajiyadu waxay ku caawinayaan nadiifinta dhiiga qashinka iyo unugyada jirkooda, laakiin sidoo kale waxay caawin karaan T-lymphocytes inay aqoonsadaan soo duulimaadyada shisheeye. Marka tani dhacdo, waxaa lagu magacaabaa soojiidashada antigen. Qaybtan ugu danbaysa, soo bandhigista antigen, waa halka uu ku yaal nidaamka difaaca jidhka oo ah halka uu ka soo galo ama ka jawaab celiyo difaaca jirka ee khilaafka shisheeye ee gaarka ah uu bilaabmayo.
Monocytes Caawinta La-dagaallanka Caabuqyada Siyaabo kala duwan
Marka laga soo bilaabo kor, waxaan ognahay in qaar ka mid ah monocyte ay u beddesho makrophages-ka ku jira unugyada sida Pac-Man, dilaacinta bakteeriya, fayruusyada, burburka, iyo unug kasta oo cudurka qaba ama jiran.
Marka loo barbardhigo isugeynta difaaca ee takhasuska leh, unugyada T-yada, makrophages ayaa markiiba la heli karaa si loo aqoonsado loona weeraro khatar cusub. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku fariistaan goobaha ay jecel yihiin ee caadiga ah, ama waxay si deg-deg ah ugu haajiraan goobta gubashada halkaas oo laga yaabo inay u baahdaan inay la dagaallamaan cudurka.
Isku-xireyaasha kale waxay isbeddelaan unugyada dendritic ee unugyada, halkaasoo ay la shaqeeyaan T-yada lymphocytes. Macrophages waxay sidoo kale keeni kartaa antigens in ay T-yaryar, laakiin unugyada dendritic waxaa si caadi ah loo tixgeliyey takhasuska marka ay timaado hawshan.
Waxay soo ururiyaan burburka ka soo baxa bakteeriyada, fayruusyada, iyo waxyaabo kale oo ajnabi ah oo ay u soo bandhigaan T-yada si ay u arkaan ayna u sameeyaan jawaab celin difaac ah oo ku wajahan kuwa soo duulaya. Sida makrifooyinka, unugyada dendritic ayaa awood u leh in ay soo bandhigaan anteenooyinka T-yada si macquul ah, sida haddii ay dhehaan, "Aay eegaan tani, miyaad u malaynaysaa in aan wax badan ka qabanno arrintan?"
Monocytes ee Cudurrada Aadanaha
Markaad haysato tijaabo dhiig oo CBC ah oo lagu sameeyo tiro kala duwan, monocytes cad oo unugyada dhiiga cad ayaa la tiriyaa, lambarka waxaa la soo sheegaa, iyo weliba inta boqolkiiba wadarta unugyada dhiigga cad cad yihiin monocytes.
- Kororka monocytes wuxuu noqon karaa natiijada caabuqa bakteeriyada, fungus, ama virus. Waxay sidoo kale noqon kartaa jawaab-celinta walwalka. Xaaladaha qaarkood, tirooyinka kor loo qaadayo waxay noqon karaan dhibaato sababtoo ah jidhkaagu wuxuu sameeyaa unugyada dhiigga cusub, iyo mararka qaarkood, xad-dhaafku wuxuu sabab u yahay kansarka, sida noocyada qaar ee leukemia.
- Heerarka hoose ee monocyte ayaa laga yaabaa in la arko ka dib daaweynta kiimiko , badanaaba sababta oo ah tirada guud ee unugyada dhiigga cad ayaa hooseeya.
Bini-aadamnimada, monocytes waxaa lagu soo bandhigay dhowr cudur oo ay ku jiraan infakshanka microbial, shooga iyo dhaqso u soo baxaya dhaawacyada xubnaha, osteoporosis, cudurada wadnaha, cudurada dheef-shiid kiimikaadka, iyo cudurada autoimmune. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida ay tahay in noocyada kala duwan ee monocytes ay ku dhaqmaan cudurrada bani-aadmiga ee kala duwan weli waa goob cilmi-baaris firfircoon.
Monocytes ee Listeria
Monocytogenes Listeria waa noocyada bakteeriyada keeni karta liiska, oo ah xanuun aad u liidata. Taxanaha Listeria waa mid ka mid ah dhowr jeer la siiyey intii lagu guda jiro uurka, tan iyo listeria waxay keeni kartaa cudurka qoorgooyaha ee dhalaanka; hooyooyinka uurka leh waxaa badanaa lagula taliyaa inayan cunin looshiyada jilicsan, taas oo laga yaabo in ay xakameyso listeria.
Waxay soo baxday in monocytes ay ka caawin karto la dagaallanka caabuqa, laakiin waxay sidoo kale noqon karaan "fardaha xamuulka," iyaga oo qaadaya bakteeriyada maskaxda, waana arrin walaac leh listeria. Listeria waxay ku dhex jirtaa monocytes, laakiin markaa monocyte ma awoodaan in ay dilaan bakteeriyada oo ay ku dhuftaan.
Monocytes ee Leukemia
Qeybta unugyada ee keena monocytes waxay noqon kartaa mid jahawareer ah oo lagu dhufan karo gacanta. 'Leuk monocytic leukemia', ama 'FAB subtype M5' iyadoo la adeegsanayo hal nidaam qoondayn, waa mid ka mid ah noocyada lafa-beelka 'myelogenous leukemia' . M5, in ka badan 80% unugyada jilicsan ayaa ah monocytes.
Xanuunka qanjirada 'myelomonocytic leukemia', ama CMML, waxaa jira tiro badan oo monocytes ah iyo unugyada dhiigga ee aan qaangaarka ahayn ee ku jira dhuuxa lafta oo ku wareegaya dhiigga. CMML waxay leedahay sifooyin laba cudur oo kala duwan, sidaas darteed waxa lagu soocay iyada oo la adeegsanayo nidaamka qeeybta caafimaadka aduunka ee loo yaqaano isugeyn isku dhafan: cilladda myelodysplastic syndrome / myeloproliferative neoplasm , ama MDS / MPN. Waxay horumarin kartaa xanuunka 'myeloid leukemia' ee qiyaas ahaan 15-30 boqolkiiba bukaannada.
Monocytes ee Lymphoma iyo Cancers Other
Cilmi baadhayaashu waxay ogaanayaan in monocytes ay leeyihiin tallaabooyin aan loo baahnayn oo la xidhiidha burooyinka iyo dabeecadaha kansarka ee qoyaanka dhiigga unugyada dhiigga ah (cuduradan waxaa loo yaqaannaa cudurada lymphoproliferative).
Joogitaanka makrophages iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyadooda ku jira burooyinka ayaa lala xiriiriyay awoodda unugyada burooyinka si ay u dhistaan biyo dhiig iyo in ay soo galaan oo ku safraan dhiigga. Natiijada mustaqbalka, natiijadani waxay horseedi kartaa daaweyn ay bartilmaameedsanayso makraafaqyada si looga hortago kororka metastasis iyo kobaca.
Dhibaatooyin kala duwan, takhaatiirta qaar ayaa bilaabay inay isticmaalaan tirooyinka qumman ee kalsoonida ah iyagoo muujinaya khatarta, ama feejignaan xun ka hor daaweynta ka hor. Tirada korodhka ah ee monocytes ka sarreeya marxalad gaar ah waxay la xiriirtaa natiijada saboolka ah ee bukaannada qaba T-cell lymphomas iyo cudurka Hodgkin . Xaddiga lymphocyte-to-monocyte ayaa sidoo kale ka caawin kara in la ogaado bukaanka halista ah ee ku jira laf-dhabarka ballaaran ee B-unugyada iyo kansarka mindhicirka aan la daaweyn.
Ilaha:
Tadmor T (2013) Monocytes, Monocytic Myeloid Xakameyn Nidaamka Cadaadiska ah iyo Lymphoma: Sidee Tight waa Daqiiqada Tie? J Leuk (Los Angel) 1: e103.
Eigenbrod T, Dalpke AH. J Immunol. Raga bakteeriyada RNA: Dabeecad aan qotodheer lahayn oo loogu talagalay jawaabcelinta nadaafadda. 2015; 195 (2): 411-8.
Gui-Nan Lin, et. al. " Muhiimadda Prognostik ee qiyaasta lymphocyte-to-monocyte ee bukaanka qaba kansarka mindhicirka ee hore ee aan la daaweynin ee la siiyo daaweynta FOLFOX chemotherapy ." Chin J Cancer . 2016 Dec; 35: 5.