Cudurka 'retrovirus' waa fayruska oo geniskiisa lagu qoondeeyey RNA halkii DNA. Sida fayrasyada kale, retroviruses waxay u baahan yihiin inay isticmaalaan mashiinnada unugyada jirka ee ay ku faafaan si ay u sameeyaan nuqullo naftooda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, infekshinka by retrovirus waxay u baahan tahay tallaabo dheeraad ah. Cudurka retrovirus-ka wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu dib-ugu-rogo DNA-ka ka hor inta aan la daabicin habka caadiga ah.
Enzyme-ga oo sameeya buug-gacmeedka dhabarka waxa loo yaqaan 'transcriptase reverse'.
Retroviruses waxay isticmaalaan transcriptase dib-u-beddelidda RNA-kaniiniga hal-galka ah ee DNA-ga laba-jibbaaran. Waa DNA oo dukaameysta unugyada unugyada iyo unugyada ka soo jeeda qaababka kale ee nolosha sare. Marka laga beddelo RNA ilaa DNA, viral DNA waxaa lagu dari karaa unugyada unugyada cudurka qaba. Marka qoraallada DNA ee jinsiyada retroviral lagu daro genomka, markaas kadib ayaa unugyada la xakameynayo nuqulladaas oo qayb ka ah habka caadiga ah ee habka caadiga ah. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, unuggu wuxuu qabanayaa shaqada fayraska.
Retroviruses waa "dib-u-celin" maxaa yeelay waxay jiheeyaan jihada hannaanka nuqulka caadiga ah ee hidaha. Caadi ahaan, unugyada waxay DNA u rogaan RNA si ay u sameeyaan borotiino. Hase yeeshe, dib-u-qaadista, hab-socodka waa inuu bilaabo inuu dib u socdo. Marka hore, RNA-ga fayruska ayaa loo beddelaa DNA.
Kadibna unuggu wuxuu nuqul ka qaadi karaa DNA-da. Unuggu wuxuu sidoo kale qori karaa DNA-ga RNA iyadoo ah tallaabada ugu horreysa ee sameynta borotiinka viral.
Tusaalooyin
Cudurka loo yaqaan 'retrovirus' ee ugu wanaagsan ee cudurka ku faafa ayaa ah HIV . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira dhowr waxyaalood oo kale oo loo yaqaan 'retrovirus'. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah fayraska T-cell-ka ah ee T-cell-ka ah 1 (HTLV-1).
HTLV-1 waxay la xiriirtaa qaar ka mid ah T-cell lökemias iyo lymphomas. Waxaa jira retrovirus dheeraad ah oo dheeri ah oo loo aqoonsaday in ay qaadaan noocyada kale.
Daaweynta HIV waa mid ka mid ah sababaha ay dadku u barteen fikradda cilladaha retrovirus. Dib-u-celinta jeermiska transcriptase waxay ka samaysan yihiin qaar ka mid ah fasalada si fiican loo yaqaan ee daawooyinka HIV . Dib-u-celinta celinta transcriptase waxay ka hortagtaa HIV-ga in uu noqdo mid lagu dhex-dhex-dhexaadiyo unugga martida. Tani, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku haysaa unugyada in ay sameyso nuqullo fayruska ah waxayna sii yaraataa horumarka infekshanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira dhibaatooyin sii kordhaya oo leh iska caabin ah daroogooyinka badan fasaladaas.
Retrovirus-ka ayaa mararka qaarkood loo isticmaalaa hababka gawaarida lagu bixiyo inta lagu jiro daaweynta hiddaha. Tani waa sababta oo ah fayrasyadani waxay labadaba u sahlan yihiin in wax laga beddelo oo si fudud loo dhexgalo genome martigelinta. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay, in aragtida, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu dhejiyo mashiinka qalabka si ay u sameeyaan borotiinka si joogto ah. Tusaale ahaan, saynisyahannadu waxay isticmaaleen dib-u-celin si ay uga caawiyaan jiirka macaanka in ay samaystaan insulin-ta.
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