Kajaabinta iskudhafan ee colistin-ka ah ayaa laga helay Maraykanka
Intii uu ku jiray maamulkiisa, Madaxweyne Obama wuxuu helay jeebab badan si uu u soo saaro amarada fulinta. Amar fulin ah ayaa madaxweynaha u oggolaanaya inuu dejiyo siyaasad iyada oo aan la haynin Congress-ka iyo faa'iidada doodda dadweynaha.
Halka qaar ka mid ah amarrada fulinta ee Obama ay keentay muran iyo khiyaanayn, khidmadda dadka kale ayaa si weyn loo soo dhaweeyay. Gaar ahaan sannadka 2015, Obama wuxuu soo saaray Qorshe hawleed qaran oo loogu talagalay la-dagaallanka bakteeriyada daawada antibiotic-resistivant.
Sida laga soo xigtay maamulka Obama, halkan waa hadafyada amarka fulinta:
- Hoosudhaca Kansarka Bustayaasha Dareeraha ah iyo Ka Hortaga Faafitaanka Cudurrada Dabiiciga ah.
- Xoojinta Kormeerka Qaran ee Halis-Caafimaad ee Dadaalka ah si loola dagaalamo.
- Horumarinta Horumarinta iyo Isticmaalka Imtixaanada Imtixaanka degdegga ah ee Cusbooneysiinta ee Aqoonsiga iyo Aqoonsiga Bakteeriyada iska caabisa.
- Dardar-gelinta Cilmi-baarista iyo Horumarinta ee Antibiyootigyada Cusub, Daawooyinka Kale, iyo Tallaalada.
- Hagaajinta Wadashaqaynta Caalamiga ah iyo Kartida Ka-hortagga Antibiyootigga-Ka-hortagga, Ilaalinta, Xakamaynta, iyo Baaritaanka Antibiyootikada iyo Horumarinta.
Si loo gaaro yoolalkaas, madaxweynuhu wuxuu soo xushay deeqda ururada kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan Wasaaradda Difaaca (DoD), Waaxda Beeraha (USDA), iyo Waaxda Caafimaadka iyo Adeegyada Dadweynaha (HHS). Bishii May ee sannadkii 2016, hay'adahaasi waxay sii daayeen warar sheegaya: colitin-resistant mcr-1 E. coli waxaa laga helay bukaanka Walter Reed Medical Center ee Maraykanka. Bukaankan wuxuu lahaa infekshan kaadiheysta oo nasiib u yeeshay in lagu daweeyo antibiyootig kale.
Colistin waa daroogada ugu dambeysa ee ku jirta difaaceena cudurrada. Khubaro badan oo caafimaadka dadweynaha, cilmi-baarayaasha, iyo dhakhaatiirta ayaa iyaguna ka cabsi qaba iska caabin colisitin muddo ah. Intaas waxaa dheer, mcr-1 E. Coli wuxuu awood u leeyahay inuu u diro caabuqan antibiyootigga bakteeriyada kale iyadoo la adeegsanayo bacaha.
Waa maxay sababta ay uga welwelsan tahay daawada antibiyootigga?
Tan iyo 1928, iyada oo la hirgelinayo penicillin, antibiotics ayaa badbaadiyey dhowr milyan oo qof oo adduunka ku nool. Wax yar ka dib soo bandhigista antibiyootigyada, iska caabinta noocyada bakteeriyada qaarkood ayaa lagu arkay. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, caabbintan ayaa kordhay iyo bakteeriyo badan oo iskood u sameysma , ama dusha sare , waxay noqotay halis dhab ah caafimaadka iyo amniga guud.
CDC-da ayaa qiyaaseysa in ku dhowaad laba milyan oo infekshannada daawada u adkeysata ay sanad kasta ku dhacaan Maraykanka taasoo keentay in lagu qiyaasay 23,000 oo dhimasho.
Marka la eego qaraxyadii dhowaa ee caabbinta faragelinta , tirada daaweynta ee ka shaqeyneysa bakteeriyada noocaas ah ayaa hoos u dhacday. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, antibiyootigyada daaweynaya noolaha adkaysi leh waxay noqon kartaa mid qaali ah.
Waa maxay Colistin?
Colistin ayaa leh fasal antibiyootiko loo yaqaanno polymyxins. Laba nooc oo polymyxins ah ayaa jira: polymyxin B iyo polymyxin E. Colistin waa polymyxin E waxaana ugu badanaa loo isticmaalaa labadaba.
Colistin waxaa markii hore loo adeegsaday 1960-kii; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalka wakiilkan si dhakhso ah ayaa loo joojiyay sababtoo ah wuxuu keeney neurotoxicity iyo nephrotoxicity. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, colistin wuxuu sababaa dhaawac dareemayaasha iyo kelyaha, siday u kala horreeyaan.
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay kororka iskudhufka isku dhafka ah, waa inaan dib u soo celinno colistin si looga hortago bakteeriyada hadda iska caabineysa antibiyootiko caadiga ah. Colistin ayaa si fiican waxtar u leh laakiin wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa jirooyinka bakteeriyada oo yar, sida P aeruginosa , noocyada Acinetobacter , iyo noocyada Klebsiella . Xasuusnow, dhammaan noocyada noocyada kala duwan ee bakteeriyada waxay keeni karaan caabuqyada dhiiga (sepsis) iyo infekshanka sambabada (pneumonia), infekshinka kaadida, maqaarka iyo caabuqyada boogaha, iyo sidoo kale caabuqyada qalliinka kadib. Intaa waxaa dheer, bakteeriyadan ayaa sida caadiga ah u qaadsiisa dadka aad u jiran waxayna ku dhibaateeynayaan nidaamyada difaaca.
Kala bedelashada Resistance Antibiotics by Plasmids
Maxaa keena noociisa cusub ee Colistin-adkaysi u leh E. Coli waa inuu u gudbin karo macluumaadka hidde -ku-diridda codsiyada ka-hortagidda bakteeriyada kale iyada oo loo marayo plasmids (sida, mcr-1 ama qalabka daaweynta polymyxin-ka-dhexdhexaadinta).
Sida laga soo xigtay The Lancet bishii Nofeembar 2015, cilmi-baarayaasha shiinaha ayaa ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee soo saaro hannaankan cusub. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay arkeen bakteeriyadan adkeysi leh inta lagu jiro mashruuca ilaalinta joogtada ah ee baarista iska caabinta antimicrobial ee u dhexeeya Escherichia coli laga helay xayawaanka cuntada.
Ku-meel-gaadhka u dhexeeya helitaanka China ee bakteeriyadan iyo bakteeriyadan ayaa ku soo badanaysa Walter Reed Xarunta Qaranka Qaranka, halkaas oo ay cilmi-baarayaashu ay ku caddeeyeen, tayadan cusub ayaa lagu aqoonsaday dalal badan oo kale, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in uu horay u sii faafay adduunka.
Nasiib wanaag, baaritaanka dabagalka ee Nidaamka Korjoogteynta Ilaalinta Qaran ee Qaran - oo ah dadaal isku duwaya oo ka dhexeeya USDA, Caafimaadka iyo Adeegyada Dadweynaha (HHS), iyo qaybta caafimaadka ee gobolka iyo degaanka - waxay muujinaysaa in go'doominta colitis-ku adkeysiga E. coli ay dhif tahay . Waxaa intaa dheer, ka soocista Salmonella iyo Klebsiella , noocyada kale ee bakteeriya, ma muujin caddaynta hiddaha 1-mr-1.
Wareejinta macluumaadka hidaha ee u dhexeeya bakteeriya waa dareere badan. Ma aha oo keliya bakteeriyada macluumaadka wareejinta oo kaliya ee u adkeynaya faragalinta-farcan-oo loo yaqaan gudbinta tooska ah-laakiin bakteeriyadu waxay sidoo kale u gudbin kartaa macluumaadka noocaas ah iyada oo loo marayo wareejinta hiddawada. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, xitaa ka dib marka bakteeriyada la sameeyo, waxay ka qaadi kartaa macluumaadka hidde-marinta bakteeriyada kale.
Si khaas ah, geeddi-socodka hannaanka hiin-galka ah ee dhexdhexaadintu waa dhexdhexaadinayaan jamacadaha, ama xayawaannada bilaashka ah ee yar-yar, wareega, DNA-ga ah, kuwaas oo ka kala baxa unugyada unugyada unugyada ee unugyada. Plasmids waxay ka kooban tahay macluumaad ku filan faa'iido u leh jeermiska, sida antibiyootikada. Iyada oo la soo wareejiyo hidda-wareegidda hidda-ba'an, bacriya ayaa loo wareejiyaa bakteeriyada.
Aynu soo bandhigno hidda-geedka hiin-galka hidda-wacyigalinta antibiyootigga ee muuqaal ahaan iyada oo la adeegsanayo (inkastoo waxoogaa qarsoodi ah). Ka feker inaad ku jirtay xaflad iyo qof kale ayaa yeeshay awooda maskaxeed ee lagaga hortago cyanide. Awoodgan qarsoodi ah ayaa lagu qayaxay hidaha iyada oo loo gudbin karo carruurteeda. Intaa waxaa dheer, awoodgan waxaa loo wareejin karaa qof kale adoo si fudud u qaadanaya boorsada cocktail. Ka hor intaadan ogayn, qof walbaa waa inuu qaato cabitaankiisa. Waxaa intaa dheer, xitaa xafladaha kale ee xisbigu waxay qabaan difaaca maskaxeed ee ay u leeyihiin sunta, taas oo ay markaa la wadaagaan kuwa kale iyaga oo isticmaalaya naannadooda. Ka hor intaadan ogayn, qaybaha qaarkood waxay duubeen farabadan oo ay ka caawinayaan iyaga inay la dagaallamaan sunta kala duwan.
Gabagabo
Khatarta asaasiga ah ee isbeddelka colistin ee la kala wareejin karo ayaa laga yaabaa inay dareemaan wax ka qabashada. Shakhsi ahaan, waxaad samayn kartaa qaybtaada si aad u xakameyso caabbinta antibiyootikada adigoo qaadanaya antibiyootikada oo kaliya marka aad u baahatid. Waa inaad sidoo kale hubisaa inaad dhamaystirto daawada antibiyootigga oo dhan, tan iyo markii la joojiyo joojinta hore waxay kor u qaadeysaa kobaca daroogooyinka u adkeysta daroogada. Ugu dambeyn, sababtoo ah mcr-1 E. Coli iyo bakteeriyada kale waxaa laga heli karaa hilibka iyo hilibka digaaga, had iyo jeer waa fikrad wanaagsan inaad si buuxda u karsatid cuntadaada ka hor intaanad cunin.
Ilaha:
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