A superbug waa erey loo isticmaalo wargeysyada si loo sharaxo cadaadiska bakteeriyada u adkaysata antibiyootigyada daawada ugu badan. Noocyada noocan ah ee bakteeriyadu waxay sababi karaan walwal markaan mararka qaarkood haysanin daroogooyinka si loo daaweeyo caabuqyada aan mararka qaarkood daaweyn karno. Waxaan ka hadleynaa sidii aan u gaari lahayn xilligii Post-Antibiotic. Isticmaalka daawada antibiyootikada ee xad-dhaafka ah iyo macnaheedu waxa weeye in aan u ogolaanay tiro cayayaan ah si ay u koraan daawooyinkaas isla markaana daawooyinkuna aysan sii shaqeyn.
Akhri akhrinta si aad u ogaato nooca bakteeriyada infekshanku ay samaysay adkeysiga daawada antibiyootigga waxaana hadda loo tixgeliyaa Superbugs.
Waxaa jira siyaabo badan oo aan awood u yeelan karno inaan yareyno fursada daawooyinkan ay ku faafaan. Tallaalku wuxuu kaa caawin karaa kahortaga daawooyinkaas. Xitaa habkii hore ee lagu xakameyn lahaa infakshanka - isticmaalka Wareegyada - kaas oo isticmaala bakteeriyada ama fayrasyada oo jeermiska iyo xakamaynta bakteeriyada.
Maxay yihiin qaar ka mid ah Superbugs-ka soo-baxa?
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) oo ah methicillin-resistantin
Staphylococcus aureus (ama si aan rasmi ahayn loo yaqaan "Staph") ayaa siyaabo badan u muujisa siyaabo badan, laakiin waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan "bakteeriyada cunista". Qiyaastii 25% ilaa 30% dadweynaha guud waxay ku xiran yihiin Staph sanka ama dusha sare ee maqaarkooda, laakiin haddii ay ka soo baxdo wadada ka baxsan maqaarka maqaarka, waxay sababi kartaa cuduro kala duwan, oo ka bilaabma cudurrada maqaarka yar, oo ay ka mid yihiin finan yaryar ama buro, cudurro halis ah oo keena natiijooyinka dhimashada, sida oof-wareenka ama sepsis.
Sannado badan, penicillin iyo methicillin ayaa loo arkaa daaweyn fiican oo loogu talagalay infekshanka Staph. Cudurka Staph ee u adkeysanaya methicillin waxaa markii hore lagu arkay cisbitaallada iyo xarumaha kale ee daryeelka caafimaadka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, sanadihii la soo dhaafay, MRSA-la-xiriiriye waxay noqotey mid ka sii badnayd. Qoraal dhowaan ee JAMA ku qiyaastay in 2005, MRSA ay ku dhawaad 9,000 oo qof oo Maraykan ah, oo ay ku jiraan 1-kii 5-kii infekshanka.
Qaaxada u adkeysata daawada (MDR - iyo XDR-TB )
Cudurka qaaxada, oo loo yaqaan 'Isticmaal', waa cudur halis ah kaas oo laga helayo neefsiga sanbabada, halkaasoo uu keeni karo cudur (tiibisho sambab), laakiin wuxuu ku faafi karaa xubnaha kale ee jidhka, taasoo dhalisay soo bandhigyo kala duwan (meningitis, Pott's Disease, iwm.). Kahor intaan la helin antibiyootigyada, qaaxadu wuxuu ahaa mid aan la daweyn karin. Si kastaba ha noqotee, xitaa isticmaalka baahsan ee antibiyootigyada ee bilaabay 1940-yada, qaaxada-tiibishada badan (MDR-TB) ayaa soo baxday, waana sababta keentay dhimashada, gaar ahaan dadka qaba HIV-ga. MDR-TB waxaa sababa noocyada cudurka qaaxada Mycobacterium ee u adkeysanaya ugu yaraan antibiotics isoniazid iyo rifampicin. Qayb ka mid ah MDR-TB, qaaxada u adkaysata daawada u adkeysata (XDR-TB), waxaa keena noocyo naadir ah oo adkaysi u leh isoniazid iyo rifampicin, iyo sidoo kale daawooyinka labaad (ama raacsan). MDR- iyo XDR-TB labaduba waa kuwo ku yar Maraykanka, laakiin dadka qaba HIV waxay halis ugu jiraan inay qaadaan cudurka.
Enterococcus Maandooriye u adkaysta
Enterococcus faecalis iyo Enterococcus faecium waxaa laga helaa caloosha iyo feerka haweenka oo waxay sababi kartaa infekshinka kaadida, caabuqa dhiigga, iyo meningitis.
Enterococci waxay sababi kartaa cudurro halis ah oo ku dhaca shakhsiyaadka caafimaadka qaba, sida dhallaanka iyo waayeelka. Noocyada kala duwan ee loo yaqaan enterococci-ka ayaa soo baxay 30kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa u adkeysanaya penicillin, vancomycin, iyo linezolid.
Streptococcus pneumoniae ee daroogada u adkaysata
Streptococcus pneumoniae waa cudur caamka ah ee cudurada dhegaha ee carruurta, meningitis, infekshanka nidaamka, iyo oof-wareen. Xannibaadaha u adkeysanaya penicillin iyo antibiyootikada kale ee penicillin-ka ah ayaa kor u kacay 30kii sano ee la soo dhaafay waxayna masuul ka yihiin boqolkiiba ballaaran ee dhimashada iyo jirada Maraykanka
Kuwa kale
Cadaadiska antibiyootigga ayaa lagu gartaa noocyada kala duwan ee bakteeriyada kala duwan ee heerarka qeyliya. Waxaa sidoo kale jira CRE , Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae . - gaar ahaan isbitaalada. Noocyada kale ee bakteeriyada leh ee caabuqa antibiyootikada la soo sheegay waxaa ka mid ah, laakiin aan ku xaddidnayn, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ("pathogenist opportunistic") oo ku dhacda shakhsiyaad difaac ah), Streptococcus pyogenes (noocyo kale oo ah bakteeriya cunista iyo sababta cirridka dhuunta, impetigo iyo casaan xummad) iyo Proteus vulgaris (sabab u ah caabuqyo badan oo kaadida ah). Caabuqyada iska caabinta ayaa sidoo kale ku faafi kara safarka ama jinsiga - sida shigella u adkaysta daawada .
Ilaha:
Macluumaadka Bulshada ee Bulshada-Associated Associated. CDC. 11 Agoosto 2008
Klevens, R. Monina, et al. "Cudurka Dabaysha ee Dawada Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ee Maraykanka". JAMA 2007 298: 1763-1771. 30 Luulyo 2008.
Xaashida Xaqiiqda. Cudurka Qaaxada ee Multidrug-Resistant TB-da (MDR TB). Qeybta Cudurka Qaaxada CDC. 11 Agoosto 2008
Xaashida Xaqiiqda. Cudurka Qaaxada ee Badan Tijaabada ah (XDR TB). Qeybta Cudurka Qaaxada CDC. 11 Agoosto 2008
Hyucke, Mark M, Daniel F. Sahm, iyo Michael S. Gilmore "Nooca Dhibaatada Dareemaha ee Addococci: Dabeecadda Dhibaatada iyo Agenda mustaqbalka". Cudurrada Cudurrada Soo Saaraya Apr-Juun 1998 4: 239-249. 30 Luulyo 2008.