Iyadoo ay yar tahay, daraasadaha waxay soo jeedinayaan khatarta inaysan si buuxda u tirtirin
Cilmi-baaris cilmi-baaris ayaa muujisay in daaweynta antiretroviral (ART) ay si weyn u yareeyn karto khatarta HIV-ga ee isku-dhafan (xayawaanka) ee lamaanaha ah - oo ah hal lamaane yahay HIV-positive iyo kan kale waa HIV-diidmo.
Istaraatijiyadaha waxaa ka mid ah dhimista infakshanka HIV-ga qabay iyadoo la hubinayo in si joogta ah loo xakameeyo fayruska (oo badanaa lagu magacaabo daaweynta ka-hortagga, ama Qorshe ), iyo sidoo kale isticmaalka maalin kasta ee kiniinada antiretroviral si loo yareeyo is-qabadsiinta HIV ee lammaane (oo loo yaqaan ' pre-exposure prophylaxis', ama PrEP ).
Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa furaha qalabka ka hortagga ART, sida cinjirrada iyo gudniinka ikhtiyaariga ah (oo loo yaqaan in la yareeyo khatarta HIV ee ragga aan cudurka qabin). Inkastoo cilmi-baaris hore ay muujisay in faa'iidooyinka ART ay ku weynaan karaan lammaaneyaasha isku-dhafan-iyadoo ay hoos u dhigi karto khatarta HIV-ga ee boqolkiiba 96 iyo hoos u dhaca khatarta ah ee PrEP-ka boqolkiiba 75- qaar ka mid ah waydiiyeen in tirooyinkani ay ku qaban doonaan waa goob dhab ah.
Khatarta Galmada iyo Khatarta HIV
Shirka 2014ka ee ku saabsan Retroviruses iyo Opporonitoristic Infections (CROI) ee Boston, cilmi-baarayaasha ku jira Daraasada PARTNER ee joogtada ah waxay muujisay, in 767 qof oo isku-dhafan oo isku-dhafan oo isticmaalaya "TasPP" oo keliya, aysan jirin halis cudur inkastoo ay ka badan tahay 44,000 oo fal-galmo galmo ah. Daraasadu waxay ka koobnayd labadii lamaane iyo lamaanayaasha labadaba kuwaas oo soo sheegay celcelis ahaan 37 illaa 43 falalka jinsi-gooyada ah sanadkiiba.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, xitaa cilmi-baarayaashu 'aqbalkooda', tirooyinka ayaa ah kuwo aad u yaryar. Iyadoo lagu saleynayo dhowr arrimood oo isbeddel leh - oo ay ku jiraan noocyada ficilada galmada iyo haddii ejaculation ay dhaceen ama aan ahayn isku-kalsoonaanta kalsoonida (loo isticmaalo si loo qiyaaso hubinta qiyaasaha qiyaasaha) waxay ahayd 96 boqolkiiba.
Tani waxay u tarjumaysaa qiyaastii 4% khatarta caabuqa - oo aan ahayn boqolkiiba 0 qaar oo laga yaabo in ay qaar kalsoonaadaan. Kuwa loogu talagalay galmada dabada, khatarta la qiyaasay waxay kor u kacday boqolkiiba 10. Daraasadaha ku xiga ayaa shaki weyn ka muujiyay sida wanaagsan ee qalabkani uga hortagi karo khatarta cudurka halista ah muddada dheer.
Kala duwanaanshaha Khatarta u dhexaysa Labada Lamaane iyo Gay
Daraasad ay sameeyeen Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Ka Hortagga Cudurrada Maraykanka (CDC) , cilmi-baarayaashu waxay falanqeeyay xogta hadda ee ku saabsan wax-qabadka TALF, PrEP, iyo cinjirrada xayawaanaadka xayawaanaadka ah iyo lamaanayaasha isu-guurka. Ujeedada daraasadani ma ahan in la saadaaliyo khatarta dhabta ah ee halista ah ee goobaha "dhabta ah ee dunida", laakiin si loo muujiyo sida khatarta ah u soo uruurin karto wakhtigeeda - marka la eego muddo hal sano iyo 10 sano ah.
Iyadoo lagu saleynayo tirada saameynta ay ku dhalan karto, waxaa suuragal ah in ay u dhaxeyso lamaanaha xaaladaha isku dhafan ee isticmaalaya ART oo kali ah waxaa lagu qiyaasay in ay ahaadaan boqolkiiba laba heterosexuals iyo 25% oo ah labada lamaane ee lamaanaha ah. Natiijooyinka waxay ku saleysnaayeen dhowr fikrado qiimeyn, oo ay ka mid yihiin:
- 80% hoos u dhac khatarta ah isticmaalka kondhomka
- 96% hoos u dhaca khatarta marka la-hawlgalayaasha HIV-ga qaba ART / TasP
- 73% hoos u dhaca khatarta loogu talagalay wada-hawlgalayaasha khatarta ah ee aan loo kala-qaadin ee PrEP
- 44% hoos u dhaca khatarta loogu talagalay wada-hawlgalayaasha lamaanaha ee aan xariifka ahayn ee PrEP
- 54 boqolkiiba halista khatarta loogu talagalay lammaanaha ragga ah ee aan loo kala-rooneyn oo la guday
- 73 boqolkiiba halista khatarta loogu talagalay lammaane rag ah oo aan la garanaynin, oo la yiraahdo gabadh rag ah oo gogol-xaar ah ("top") inta lagu guda jiro galmada dabada
- Celcelis ahaan lix falal galmo jinsi ah bishiiba
Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in isbeddellada kala duwan ee u dhaxeeya heterosexual iyo lammaanaha isu-guurka aysan ku koobnayn halista ugu badan ee caabuqa iyada oo loo marayo galmada dabada , laakiin cilmi-baarista hadda ee soo jeedinaysa heerarka hooseeya ee PrEP ee lamaanayaasha lamaanaha ah. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay qeexayaan in barnaamijka weyn ee PREP iyo / ama kor u qaadista xajinta xogta ku filan ay kor u qaadi karto qiyaasahan.
Intaa waxaa dheer, tiro badan oo daraasado dhowaan ah ayaa si xoogan u soo jeediyay in dhexgalka isticmaalka PrEP ee MSM laga yaabo inuu leeyahay faa'idada ilaalinta ee la mid ah isticmaalka barnaamijka PrEP maalin kasta. Haddii natiijooyinka noocan oo kale ah la xaqiijin karo, inta badan waxay filanayaan, saameynta ku-oolnimada PrEP ee lamaanayaasha MSM ayaa si aad ah loo horumarin lahaa.
Waxyaabaha Halista Gaaban iyo Muddada Dheer
Baarayaashu waxay kaloo muujiyeen in labada lamaane ay isticmaalaan hal hab oo ka hortag ah halis weyn oo khatar ah, labadaba muddada gaaban iyo muddada dheerba. Waxa ka mid ah natiijooyinkooda:
- Labada lamaane oo ku tiirsan keli-kumbarada waxay halis u yihiin 13% halista HIV-ga hal sano iyo halis ah 76% halista 10 sano, iyada oo ku saleysan xogta joogtada ah ee isticmaalka. Taas bedelkeeda, ragga ragga labka ah ayaa lagu muujiyey in ay leeyihiin hal boqolkiiba 1 iyo halista boqolkiiba, siday u kala horreeyaan.
- Lammaanayaasha guurka ah ee ku tiirsan kubadda TUS ayaa halis ah 3% hal sano iyo halis ah 25% halista ka weyn 10 sano. Marka la barbardhigo, lamaanayaasha heterosexual waxay heleen boqolkiiba 0.2 iyo khatarta boqolkiiba 2, siday u kala horreeyaan.
- Labada lamaane ee isku dhafan oo isugu jira FGP, PrEP, iyo gudniinka ayaa si joogta ah u isticmaala galmada si ay u noqoto mid lamid ah lamaane aan la dabooli karin, khatarta HIV-ga ayaa hoos ugu dhacday 0.1% hal sano iyo hal boqolkiiba 10 sano.
- Sidoo kale, dhibcood ayaa lagu arkay lamaanayaasha heterosexual kuwaas oo isku darsaday TasP, PrEP, gudniinka, iyo isticmaalka kondhom joogta ah . Ragga, halista hal sano waxay ahayd 0.1% iyo 1% in ka badan 10 sano. Khatarta haweenka ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhacday 0.05% iyo 0.5%, siday u kala horreeyaan.
Natiijooyinkan ayaa lagu taageeray, qayb ahaan, falanqaynta 2014 ee Sorbonne Université ee Paris, oo falanqeeyay xogta laga helay lix daraasadood oo kala duwan oo loo isticmaalay isticmaalka Dammaanadda ee lamaanayaasha heterosexual. Labada lamaane ee ku jiray daraasaddan waxay u galmoodeen galmo ilaa sadex jeer iyo 12 jeer bishiiba, iyada oo 80% isticmaalka kondhamka joogtada ah.
Baarayaashu waxay soo gabagabeeyeen in xogta la heli karo aysan taageereynin soo jeedinta in ART ay hoos u dhigayso khatarta HIV-ga ee eber. Taa baddalkeeda, falanqayntoodu waxay go'aaminaysaa, in halista infekshanku aad u hooseeyso labadii sano ee ugu horraysay, halistaas waxay kordhin kartaa 1 boqolkiiba 18 bilood. Daraasadu ma aysan qiimeeynin waxtarka muddada fog ee ART ee lamaanayaasha xayawaanka ah.
> Ilo:
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