Daraasadda ayaa muujinaysa sigaarcabku waxyeello ka badan kan HIV
Sigaarka cabista sigaarka ayaa ah mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka caafimaad ee ugu xun ee la kulma dadka qaba HIV maanta. Marka la barbardhigo guud ahaan dadweynaha Maraykanka, halkaasoo sigaar cabiddu ay hoos u dhacdey sanadihii ugu dambeeyay ilaa 21 boqolkiiba, in kabadan boqolkiiba 42 dadka la nool HIV ayaa lagu sifeeyay sigaarka hadda jira. Taasi waa qaylo-wacyi-gelin iyo mid ka mid ah oo si toos ah loola xiriiriyo kororka labadaba cudurada HIV-ga iyo geerida wakhtiga dhimashada.
Dadka qaba HIV-ga waa laba jeer oo u eg inay sigaar cabbaan
Waxaa jira baaritaan yar oo la heli karo oo si buuxda u sharxi doona sicir-bararka sare ee sigaarka ee dadka sigaarka ku jira. Daraasadaha qaarkood waxay soo jeediyeen in heerarka sare ee welwelka iyo niyadjabku ay qayb muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan iyo in dad badani u soo jeestaan nicotine sida macnaheedu yahay in ay la qabsadaan walaaca maalinlaha ah ee HIV.
Laakiin ma cadda in haddii arrimahan shucuureed ay tahay arrin dhiirrigeliya isticmaalka tubaakada, ama haddii ay si fudud u joojiyaan dadaallada joojinta ee kuwa la nool HIV.
Xogta waa isku dhac. Sida laga soo xigtay falanqeynta tirakoobka Xarumaha Xakamaynta Cudurrada iyo Cudurrada Maraykanka (CDC), dadka sigaarka qaata HIV-da ee hadda ku nool Maraykanka waxay u muuqdaan kuwo da 'weyn, halkii ay ka yar yihiin, 58 boqolkiiba da'doodu tahay 45 jir iyo ka weyn, 40 boqolkiiba da'doodu udhaxayso 25 ilaa 44, laba boqolkiiba 18 ilaa 24 jir.
Tirooyinkani waxay soo jeedinayaan in cadaadiska HIV-ga uusan ahayn arrin sabab u ah isticmaalka tubaakada, taas oo ka dhigan in ay sigaar cabbid yar yahiin HIV-oo ka kooban 26 boqolkiiba infakshannada cusub - ay u badan tahay in ay sigaar cabaan marka loo eego xitaa kuwa ay qabaan HIV (laba boqolkiiba ilaa 19 boqolkiiba).
Taa baddalkeeda, tirooyinku waxay ku qanacsan yihiin isbedel guud ee Maraykanka, taas oo dadka sigaarka cabba ay u badan tahay in ay sahamiyaan joojinta sigaarka marka loo eego kuwa sigaarka cabba (84 Boqolkiiba 66 boqolkiiba).
Taas bedelkeeda, jihada galmadu wax yar ayay ka ciyaaraan sigaarka sigaarka. Xaqiiqdii, tiradu waxay tahay wax aad u macquul ah, iyada oo tiro badan oo sigaar cabbin ah (51 boqolkiiba) sida jinsiga, lesbians, ama bisexuals (49 boqolkiiba) -waxaa xaqiiqda ah in infekshannada cusub ee ragga galmoodka la leh ragga (MSM) ay yihiin saddex jeer ka sarreeya kuwa heterosexuals.
Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in boqolkiiba siyaado badan oo sigaar cabba HIV-ga ay, xaqiiq ahaan, heterosexual. Sababta tani tani ma cadda - gaar ahaan tan sigaarka sigaarka ee gaas, jinsiga, iyo bisexuals ee guud ahaan dadku waxay ku dhawaad laba laaban yihiin heterosexuals, sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii 2010 ee Ururka Sambabka Maraykanka.
Sida Sigaar Cunto Si toos ah Saameyn Dadka qaba HIV
Sigaarku wuxuu saameyn aad u weyn ku yeelan karaa saadaasha dadka qaba cudurka HIV-ga ee adduunka soo maray marka loo eego cudurada la xiriira HIV. Sidaas waxa muujiyay baadhitaan ay samaysay machadka cusbataalka Rigshospitalet, oo muujiyay, in sigaar-cabista, oo keli ah, ay yaraynayso rajada noolaanshaha dadka qaba HIV 12.3 sano.
Intaa waxa dheer, khatarta dhimashada (haddii la xidhiidha HIV-ga iyo kuwa aan HIV-ga la xidhiidhin) ayaa loo arkaa in ka badan shan jeer ka badan kuwa sigaar-qabka qaba HIV-da marka loo eego dadka qaba HIV-ga aan waligood sigaar cabbin.
Waxaa ka mid ah khatarta sigaar cabista HIV-ga:
- Sigaar cabidu waa halista ugu weyn ee la xiriirta cudurka wadnaha oo daran (ACS) dadka qaba HIV. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi-baarista Jaamacadda Barcelona, waxqabadka sigaar-cabista ee ACS ee dadka waaweyn ee HIV-ga ayaa ka sarreeya bixinta diabeteska ama hypertension waxayna ku dhawaad laba jeer ka sarreeyeen dadka qaan-gaadhka ah ee HIV-ga (54 boqolkiiba ka badan 31 boqolkiiba) . Isticmaalka daawooyinka antiretrovirals ama qofka CD4 / viral load ee qofka ayaa u muuqda inuu saameyn yar-ku-yeelan karo haddii sigaar-cabbayaasha HIV-ga ay soo saareen ACS ama maahan.
- Sigaarka waxaa loo tixgeliyaa astaamaha halista ah ee horumarinta kansarka sanbabada . Xaqiiqdii, waxaa jira 14 laab oo kordhay khatarta kansarka sanbabada ee sigaar-cabista HIV-ga, oo ka madax banaan xisaabta CD4 ee qofka ama taariikhda cudurka sambabada ee la xiriira HIV. Cilmi-baarista ka soo baxday cilmi-baarista Swiss HIV Cohort waxay soo jeedinaysaa in sicir-bararka uu yahay mid liita dadka sigaarka cabba ee qaba sambabada sanbabada, oo keliya 14 boqolkiiba weli noolaanaya laba sano ka dib baaritaanka. Taas ayaa sheegtay, in sigaar cabbin hore loo muujiyay in ay halis ka yaraato khatarta hadda jirta ee sigaarka, taas oo muujineysa muhiimada joojinta sigaarcabka kuwa qaba HIV.
- Sigaar cabiddu waxay sii kordhinaysaa halista jirrada joogtada ah ee sanbabada (COPD) iyo bakteeriyada bakteeriyada ee laga helo bulshada. Dadka sigaarka cabba ee hadda qaba HIV ma aha oo kaliya calaamadaha neefsiga oo ka badan kuwa aan sigaarka cabin, waxay leeyihiin laba laab oo khatarta dhimashada. Daraasado kale ayaa muujiyey xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya sigaar-cabbista iyo walax-ka-marinta haweenka .
- Waxaa jira xiriir adag oo ka dhexeeya sigaar-cabista iyo infakshanka papillomavirus (HPV) ee haweenka iyo ragga labadaba. Haweenka qaba HIV-ga ee sigaarka cabba waxay u dhexeeyaan laba illaa seddex jeer halista infakshanka HPV marka loo eego haweenka HIV-ga qaba ee aan sigaarka cabbin. Sidoo kale, sigaar-cabista dadka qaba HIV-da waxay la xiriirtaa khatarta sii kordheysa ee loogu talagalay horumarinta dhaawacyada HPV-da ee ugu horreeya. Infekshannada HPV ee soo noqnoqda ayaa si toos ah loola xiriiriyaa khatarta sii kordhaysa ee kansarka ilma-mareenka dumarka iyo kansarka sambabada ee ragga. Cilmi-baarisyo badan ayaa soo jeedinaya in sigaar-cabidu ay saameyn xun ku yeelan karto difaacida qofka, labadaba nidaamka iyo mucosal (oo dambe oo ay ka mid yihiin unugyada Langerhans ee ilaaliya ilmo-galeenka iyo futada). CD4 wuxuu ka hooseeyaa ilaa 350 unug / mL sidoo kale waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay mid wax wadaag ah.
- Sigaarka cabista sigaarka ayaa kordhin karta khatarta HIV ee u gudbin karta ilmaheeda inta lagu guda jiro dhalmada, iyada oo dillaaca xuubka hore ee dhacaya inta badan ee hooyooyinka sigaar cabbay intii lagu jiray seddexda bilood ee ugu horreeya ee uurka. Dhammaantood waxay sheegeen, khatarta gudbinta tooska ah ayaa la muujiyay inay tahay mid aad u sarreeya saddex jeer oo haweenka aan sigaarka cabin oo qaba HIV.
- Sigaar cabiddu waxay sidoo kale la xiriirtaa khatarta sii kordheysa ee luminta laf dhabarka (sida osteopenia, osteoporosis), waxaana loo tixgeliyaa inay tahay arrin khatar ah oo khatarta ah ee jabka ah ee ka dhex jira kuwa qaba HIV. Da'da da'da weyn iyo jinsiyadaha caddaanka ah ayaa sidoo kale saadaalin kara jabka dhacdada.
Faa'iidooyinka Diiditaanka
Faa'iidooyinka mudada dheer iyo kuwa muddada gaaban ee joojinta labadaba waa kuwo aan la aqbali karin oo cad. Joojinta sigaarka ayaa si tartiib ah u yareysa khatarta cudurrada wadnaha iyo xididada dadka qaba HIV, iyadoo hal daraasadood oo muujinaya hoos u dhaca halista qiyaastii 65 boqolkiiba saddex sano kadib. (Cilmi-baaris ka socota Daraasadda Aquitaine Cohort ee Faransiiska waxay soo jeedinaysaa in joojinta laga yaabo, inay dhab ahaantii noqon karto arrin keliya oo la xidhiidha hagaajinta khatarta wadnaha ee dadka qaba HIV-ka xataa xitaa daawooyinka lipid-hoos u dhaca ama daaweynta antiretroviral.
Sidoo kale, khatarta kansarka sanbabada ayaa la yareeyn karaa ilaa boqolkiiba 50 dadka sigaarka qaada ee qabta cudurka sigaarka ah kuwaas oo ka tagay sanad ama in ka badan. Natiijooyinka isku midka ah waxaa lagu arkaa bukaanada qaba COPD, bakteeriyada oof-wareenka, iyo xaaladaha kale ee faafa ee infekshanka iyo faafa.
Waxaa sidoo kale muhiim ah in lagu adkeeyo in dhaqsigu yahay mid ka fiican sidii markii la joojin lahaa, gaar ahaan kuwa leh nidaamyada difaaca jirka. Cilmi-baaris ka timid Xarunta Kansarka Anderson ee Jaamacadda Texas waxay muujisay in joojinta sigaar-cabista ay yareyn karto culeyska calaamadaha HIV-ga la yareeyo illaa saddex bilood illaa iyo in calaamadaha ay sii wadi karaan hoos udhaca xilliga aan sigaar cabin.
Intaa waxaa dheer, in sigaar-cabiddu tahay mid madax-bannaan oo xiriir la leh hirgelinta hagaajinta ee kuwa ku jira daaweynta antiretroviral.
Ilaha:
Mdodo, R .; Frazier, E .; Mattson, C .; et al. "Sigaarka sigaarka ee HIV + dadka qaangaarka ah ee daryeelka: Mashruuca Korjoogteynta Caafimaadka, US, 2009." Shirka 20aad ee Retroviruses iyo Infekshinka Fursadaha (CROI 2013). Atlanta, Georgia; Maarso 3-6, 2013: Abstract 775.
Helleberg M .; Afzal, S .; Kronborg, G .; et al. "Mortality sabab u ah sigaar-cabista dadka qaba HIV-1: cilmi-baaris dadweyne oo ku salaysan dadweynaha oo idil." Cudurada Cudurrada Cudurrada ah. Maarso 2013; 56 (5): 723-734.
Clifford G .; Lise, M .; Franceschi, S .; et al. "Kansarka Sambabka ee daraasaddaha HIV-da ee HIV-da: doorka sigaar-cabista, difaaca jirka iyo caabuqa sambabada." British Journal of Cancer. Janaayo 12, 2012; 106 (3): 447-452.
Gabdhaha, K.; Griffith, T .; McGinnis, K.; et al. "Saamaynta sigaar cabidda sigaarka, tayada nolosha, iyo jirrooyinka isdaba-joogta ee ka dhex jira hiddaha HIV-ga." Wargeyska Daaweynta Guud ee Caalamiga ah. Disembar 2005; 20 (12): 1142-1145.