Haddii horay loo baaray kolestaroolkaaga, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad dareentay noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo kolesterool ku qoran natiijada shaybaarkaaga. LDL, VLDL, HDL - maxay dhamaantood micnahoodu? Noocyada noocaan ah ee kolestaroolka ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka samaysan yihiin qaybo la mid ah, laakiin shaqadooda jidhka way ka duwan yihiin. Qaadashada heerar sare ama ka hooseeya qaar ka mid ah qaababka noocaan ah ee kolesteroolka ayaa kordhin kara khatarta ah inaad yeelato cudurka wadnaha.
Cholesterol iyo triglycerides waa molecules dufan. Sababtoo ah guryahooda dufankooda, ma awoodaan inay si sahlan u wareegaan dhiigga. Si kolesteroolka iyo triglycerides ay u socdaan dhiigga, waxaa badanaa la qaadaa borotiinka oo ka dhigaya kolestaroolka iyo triglycerides in ka badan oo lagu milago dhiig. Kutubkan iyo kiniiniga borotiinka waxaa loo yaqaan 'lipoprotein'. Marka triglycerides iyo cholesterol laga saaro kakoolikan lipoprotein, oo aad leedahay borotiinka kali, qaybta borotiinka waxaa loo yaqaannaa apolipoprotein. Noocyada kala duwan ee apolipoproteins waxay la xiriiraan lipoproteins kala duwan.
Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo lipoprotein ah oo ku jira dhiigga, waxaana caadi ahaan lagu tilmaamaa cufnaantooda. Noocyada ugu waaweyn ee lipoproteins ee lagu falanqeynayo guddiga lipid waxaa ka mid ah:
- Cudurrada Luloproteinska (Low Videns Lipoproteins) (VLDL). Lipoproteinsku wuxuu ka kooban yahay triglycerides inta badan, maaddooyinka qaarkood ee kolesteroolka, iyo borotiinka yar. Dufanka badan ee lipoprotein ayaa ku jira, cufnaanta yar ee uu leeyahay. Xaaladdan, VLDL wuu ka yar yahay inta badan lipoproteins sababtoo ah ka kooban halbeegga sare. VLDL waxaa laga sameeyaa beerka waxayna mas'uul ka tahay inuu keeno triglycerides unugyada jirka, taas oo loo baahan yahay hababka cellular. Marka triglycerides la keeno unugyada, VLDL wuxuu ka kooban yahay dufan badan oo ka badan borotiinka, isagoo ka tagaya kolesteroolka molecule. Sida geeddi-socodkani u dhaco, VLDL ugu dambeyntii waxay noqon doontaa meco LDL.
- Lunabrotroteinsiyada hoose (Cudurka Mawduuca) (LDL). LDL waxay ka kooban tahay kolesterool ka badan tan cudurka triglycerides iyo borotiinka. Sababtoo ah waxay ka kooban tahay borotiin yar iyo borotiin ka badan marka la barbardhigo VLDL, cufnaanta ayaa ka weyn. LDL ayaa mas'uul ka ah qaadista kolestaroolka unugyada u baahan. Heerarka sare ee LDL waxay la xiriiraan khatarta sii kordheysa ee cudurrada wadnaha. Qaar ka mid ah noocyada LDL - gaar ahaan yaryar, cufan LDL (sdLDL) iyo LDL oxidized (oxLDL) - waxay la xidhiidheen kor u qaadista sameynta atherosclerosis adoo daadinaya dufanka derbiyada halbowlaha jirka. Sababtoo ah heerarka kor u kaca ee LDL waxay la xiriiraan horumarinta cudurrada wadnaha iyo xididada, LDL ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'kolestarool' xun.
- Lipoprotein-ga Cufnaanta ah (HDL). Marka loo barbardhigo LDL, HDL wuxuu ka kooban yahay kolestarool yar iyo borotiin badan, taas oo ka dhigaysa lipoproteins-ka kuwaas ugu muhiimsan. HDL waxaa lagu sameeyaa beerka iyo mindhicirka. Waxay mas'uul ka tahay qaadista kolestaroolka unugyada dib ugu laabta beerka. Taas darteed, HDL ayaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa "kolestarool" wanaagsan.
Waxa kale oo jira lipoproteins kale oo sidoo kale ka shaqeeya dufanka udgoonida unugyada, laakiin aan caadi ahaan lagu qiyaasiin guddi joogto ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:
- Chylomicrons. Lipoproteins-ka ayaa ah kuwa ugu hooseeya ee lipoproteins. Mammogaradaan waxaa ugu horreyn laga sameeyey triglycerides iyo qadar yar oo borotiin ah. Chylomicrons waxay mas'uul ka yihiin inay qaadaan lipids oo ka soo baxa mareenka mindhicirka ilaa unugyada jirka.
- Isku-darka Mawduuca Dhukunka Lipoprotein (IDL). Lipoproteinskani way ka yar yihiin maadooyinka LDL laakiin cufnaanta qashinka VLDL. Maadaama ay triglycerides on VLDL la jabiyo by unugyada u baahan, waxaa qayb ka mid ah denser ay sabab u tahay isbeddelka ee lipid ilaa saamiga borotiinka. Tani waxay keenaysaa VLDL in loo beddelo IDL. Marka triglycerides iyo kolestaroolka la keeno unugyo badan oo jirka ku jira, IDL ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu beddeli doonaa LDL.
> Ilo:
> Baron RB. Cudurka Lipid. In: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. eds. Cilmi-baarista Caafimaadka & Daaweynta ee 2015 . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> Rader DJ, Hobbs HH. Cudurada Lipoprotein Metabolism. In: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Mabaadii'da Harrison ee Daaweynta gudaha, 19e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.