Neef-joojin-xakameyn (ama IIA ee gaaban) waa nooc ka mid ah neefta shaqeed ee ay keeneen gaas, qiiq, miir ama qaybo ka neefsan. Xaalad la mid ah waa xaalad cillad hawo la'aan ah (ama RADS gaaban).
Jirooyinkaas waxaa lagu sifeeyay sida neefta shaqeed sababta oo ah qaar badan oo ka mid ah shucaacaha walxaha xasaasiga ah ee keenaya RADS iyo IIA ayaa ka dhacaya goobta shaqada.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, soo bandhigista caddaynta xanaaqa waxay dhici kartaa guriga ama goobaha caamka ah, sidoo kale; Sidaa daraadeed, RADS iyo IIA mar kasta ma shaqeeyaan.
RADS iyo IIA ayaa markii ugu horreysey loo aqoonsaday cudurro kala duwan 1985, iyo arrimaha la xidhiidha cudurkooda waxay soo jiidatay muran. In la sameeyo xiriir u gaar ah oo u dhexeeya qofka soo-gaadhsiisay dhibta iyo calaamadaha neefta qofku had iyo jeer ma fududa. Intaa waxaa dheer, kala duwanaanshaha RADS iyo IIA noocyada kale ee neefta ayaa adkaan karta.
Farqiga u dhexeeya RADS iyo IIA
Guud ahaan, RADS waxaa lagu ogaadaa marka qof (iyada oo aan horey loo aqoonsan cudurka neefta) uu yeesho calaamadaha neefta ka dib markii si lama filaan ah (badanaaba shil ah) iyo mid culus. Ka dib marka ugu horeysa ee la soo ogaado, qof leh RADS wuxuu leeyahay calaamado neefsasho oo isla markiiba dhaca (24 saac gudahood).
RADS waxaa la aaminsan yahay in uu sababay saameyn toos ah oo sun ah oo ku yimaada unugyada khadka marinka hawada.
Dareemaha ayaa markaa kiciya jawaabo barar ah oo ka soo baxa jawaab celinta xasaasiyadeed ee soo noqnoqoshada soo noqnoqda - wadada ugu badan ee dadka qaba neefta.
Dhibaatooyinka ku saabsan cudurka IIA-da ama RADS-ga hooseeya ayaa ku jira qaabka la soo jeediyay ee cudurka. Su'aashu waxay ku saabsantahay haddii ay jiri karto dhaawac toos ah unugyada laga soo bilaabo heerarka hoose ee soo-gaadhista, iyada oo aan laheyn wax xasaasiyad ah.
Guddi khabiir oo UK ah oo fadhigiisu yahay 2006, ayaa kiciyay ereyga "neef-wareer-xummad-xummad-xannibaad" halkii RADS, iyo markii ay soo jeediyeen ereyga "qadar yar oo xajiin ah oo xiiqdheertay" bedelkii qadar yar-yar RADS-halkan khilaafka ku saabsan haddii ay jiri karaan.
Caabuqa sababtoo ah Tahriibinta Madaarada
Marka dadku ay soo gaadhaan xaddi badan oo ka mid ah cillad-celin, unugyada xariiqa hawadooda waxay ku dhaawacmeen. Burburku wuxuu la mid yahay gubasho, oo lumay unugyada dusha sare iyo meelaha yar ee dhiigbaxa iyo bararka ka hooseeya dusha sare.
Marka la barbardhigo, fal-celinta xasaasiyadda ayaa ka duwan sababta oo ah waxay ku lug leedahay jawaabta habka difaaca jirka. Gawaarida hawada ee dadka qaba cudurada sambabada ee sababa RADS ayaa sii xajin doona oo muujin doona kaydadka xajinta, iyo unugyada hawo-mareenka si fiican ayaa loo dhimi karaa.
Ciladeynta iyo Daaweynta
Waxaa jira saddex shuruud oo waaweyn oo lagu aqoonsanayo RADS iyo IIA
- Xilliga hawadu waxay dhib ku tahay hunqaacida, qufac, iyo neefta oo ku dhicid kaddib marka ay soo gaadhaan dhibic cuncun leh (sida koloriin, nadiifinta sigaarka ama sigaarka). RADS, tani waxay dhacdaa wax yar ka dib soo-gaadhista ballaaran; IIA, tani waxay dhacdaa ka dib markaan yar yahey, faahfaahin badan.
- Wax taariikh ah oo ku saabsan cabashooyinka hore ee neefta.
- Calaamaduhu waxay ka sii darayaan mudnaanta koowaad.
Iyadoo RADS, dad badani waxay ku sharxi karaan dareenka gubashada ee sanka iyo dhuunta wakhtiga soo-gaadhista, iyada oo calaamadaha marin-haweedkaba isla markiiba ama saacado gudahood.
Marka qof horey u soo gaadhay heer sarreeya oo ah caareyn, iyo taariikhda hore ee cabashooyinka sanbabada, calaamaduhu si fudud ayey u dhigantaa soo dhoweynta. Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka qofku horey u soo bandhigay ama la soo xiriiray badanaa, way adagtahay in la caddeeyo in calaamadahaasi ay yihiin sabab toos ah oo ah xanaaq.
Haddii dhakhtarku ka shakiyo RADS ama IIA, waxay sameyn doontaa taariikh dhammaystiran iyo imtixaan jirka ah. Dhakhtarku wuxuu ku amri karaa baaritaannada hawlaha sambabada si loo go'aamiyo sida ama haddii sambabaha loo saameeyey.
Badanaa, qof qaba RADS wuxuu muujin doonaa cilladaha aan fiicneyn ka dib marka la isticmaalo daawooyinka neefta (bronchodilators sida albuterol) marka loo eego dadka qaba neefta.
Isla markiiba soo-gaadhista kadib, steroids afka ayaa loo qoray si loo yareeyo bararka marinka hawada. Cudurka steroid oo la nadiifiyaa ayaa la qoraa haddii calaamadaha ay sii jiraan.
Intee in le'eg ayey leedahay?
Ma cadda sida had iyo jeer u neefsanaya xoqidyadu inay keenaan RADS iyo IIA. Cilmi-baarista shaqaalaha ee ku lug leh kiimikooyinka waawayn - sida koloriin, acetic acid ama gaas qasaarada garka - ayaa muujisay in 11% ilaa 57% dadka ka soo muuqday RADS. Hal daraasad oo ku saabsan dab-bakhtiiyeyaasha ka soo jeeda qashin ka socota Xarunta Ganacsiga Dunida 11-kii Sebtembar, 16% ayaa laga helay RADS 1 sano kadib. Daraasad kale oo ku saabsan dhammaan shaqaalaha oo qaba neefta shaqeynaya 4 dawladood waxay ogaadeen in RADS ay wakiil ka yihiin 14% dhammaan kiisaska shaqeynaya ee neefta.
Xirfado badan ayaa dadka ku riday khatarta ugu weyn ee soo gaari karta cuncunka oo sababi kara RADS iyo IIA. Cuncunka inta badan lagu sheego sida lagu xalliyo horumarinta cudurradan waxaa ka mid ah acids kala duwan, wakiilada waraaqaha, nadiifinta, gaasta chlorine, qiiqa naaftada, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, iyo isocyanates, kuwaas oo inta badan loo isticmaalo balaastikada iyo qalabka.
Qof kasta oo la shaqeeya walxaha halista ah waa in la ogaadaa halista. Nidaamka Badbaadada iyo Maamulka Shaqada (OSHA) wuxuu ku qasban yahay in loo-shaqeeyayaashu ay leeyihiin tallaabooyinka amniga oo ay ku jiraan qalabka ilaalinta, waxbarashada, iyo tilmaamaha ku saabsan waxa la samaynayo haddii ay jirto shilal shil ah. Haddii aad ka shakisan tahay in loo-shaqeeyahaagu uusan u hoggaansanayn sharciyadan, la xariir xafiiska OSHA ee deegaankaaga.
Marka laga reebo cawaaqibka daaweyneed ee faragelin kara dhaqdhaqaaqyada joogtada ah, waxaa jiri kara cawaaqib bulsho iyo dhaqaale ee RADS iyo IIA. Dhakhaatiirta iyo cilmi-baarayaashu waxay sii wadaan inay raadiyaan siyaabo cad oo lagu ogaanayo xaaladdan sababtoo ah xirfad iyo qaanuun sharci ah waxay siinaysaa bukaannada ay saameeyeen. Dadka ku soo gaadhay ama dhaawacmay goobta shaqada, baaritaanka saxda ah ayaa muhiim u ah helitaanka magdhow iyo faa'iidooyin.
Mawduuca waxaa daabacay Naveed Saleh, MD, MS, 2/11/2016.
Ilaha:
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