Unugyada difaaca jirka , oo loo yaqaan 'immunoglobin', waa nooc Y-qaabeeya oo qarsoodi ah oo ay ku jiraan noocyo unugyada dhiigga cad oo leh awood u leh inay aqoonsadaan bini'aadamka (wakiilada infekshanka) sida fayraska iyo bakteeriyada. Labada talobixin ee "Y" ayaa awood u leh inay ku qabtaan jeermiska ama unugyada infekshinkiisa oo ah bartilmaameed gaar ah oo la yiraahdo antigen (sidoo kale loo yaqaano generator antibody).
Marka sidaas la samaynayo, antibio ayaa si fiican u calaamadeynaya jiritaanka quudinta si loo yareeyo, ama dilo ama looga hortago in lagu soo galo unug caafimaad qaba, ama u calaamadeynaya borotiinno kale oo isku dhafan oo hareeraysan hareeraha habka loogu yeero fagocytosis [ in la cuno "(phagein) iyo" unug "(kytos)].
Antibiyootika waxaa soo saaray unugyada dhiiga cad ee loo yaqaan "B-lymphocytes", ama B-cells. Inta lagu jiro dhalmada (dhalashada ka hor) iyo marxaladaha cusub ee dhalmada, dhalmada ayaa hooyada u gudbisa ilmaha iyada oo loo marayo nidaam loo yaqaan tallaalka passive. Marka laga bilaabo halkaas, ilmuhu wuxuu bilaabi doonaa inuu si madaxbannaan u soo saaro unugyada difaaca, si uu uga jawaabo antigen gaar ah (difaaca jirka ee la-qabatimay) ama qayb ka mid ah jawaab-celinta jirka ee jirka (is-difaaca jirka).
Bini'aadanku waxay awoodaan inay soo saaraan in ka badan toban bilyan oo nooc oo ah unugyada difaaca jirka, mid kasta oo difaacaya nooca gaarka ah ee antigen. Nidaamka antigen-ku xiran ee antibioka loo yaqaanno paratope wuxuu ku yaalaa talooyinka "Y" oo wuxuu ku xiraa meel kale oo antigen ah oo loo yaqaan "epitope".
Isbedelka sare ee paratopku wuxuu u oggolaanayaa habka difaaca jirka inuu aqoonsado noocyo kala duwan oo antigen ah.
HIV-ga iyo Antigens
Marka infekshanka HIV-gu dhaco, waxaa la soo saaraa unugyada la isku qiyaaso ee HIV-ga la soo saaro iyada oo laga jawaabayo antigens gudaha usbuuca ama laba jeer. Noocyada difaaca waxaa lagu soo saaraa jawaab-celinta antigen-ka duwan: p24 antigen, oo guud ahaan ah kii ugu horeeyay ee muuqda; iyo gp120 iyo gp41 antigen, kuwaas oo labadaba laga helay dusha fayraska.
Marka infekshanku ku dhaco, difaaca jirka wuxuu ku jiraa noloshiisa wuxuuna bixiyaa bartilmaameed dhaqameedka baaritaanada antibodyka HIV (oo ay ku jiraan baaritaanada guryaha laga helo ). Imtixaannada afaraad ee isku dhafan ayaa iminka awood u leh inay ogaadaan labadaba HIV-ga iyo p24 antigen, oo si deg deg ah oo sax ah u xaqiijinaya xaaladda qofka HIV-ga.
Ilaha:
Janeway, C .; Socodka, P.; Walport, M .; iyo Shlomikik, M. Immunobiology, 5aad - Nidaamka Immune ee Caafimaadka iyo Cudurada. 2001; Garland Sayniska; New York City; ISBN-10: 0-8153-3642-X.
Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka Maraykanka (FDA). "Juun 18, 2010, warqad ogolaansho - ARCHITECT HIV Ag / Ab Combo." Silver Spring, Maryland; la soo saaray December 22, 2009.
Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka Maraykanka (FDA). "FDA waxay ogolaatay tijaabada baaritaanka degdegga ah ee degdegga ah si loo ogaado HIV-ga antigen iyo HIV-1/2 antibodies." Silver Spring, Maryland; war saxaafadeed uu soo saaray August 8, 2013.