Maqnaanshaha waa erey loo adeegsado epidemiology si loo qeexo saamiga dadweynaha loo aqoonsaday inuu qabo xaalad gaar ah (sida HIV ). Qiyaasta tirada ayaa la go'aamiyaa marka la barbardhigo tirada dadka lagu helo inay ku dhacaan tirada guud ee dadka ku nool kooxdaas (tusaale ahaan, saamiga African Americans oo leh HIV oo ku nool New York City).
Kala-reebidda waxaa badanaa lagu qeexaa boqolkiiba (%).
HIV gudaheeda, baahsanaanta waxaa isticmaala madaxda caafimaadka iyo siyaasadleyda si loo ogaado culeyska HIV ee gobollada qaarkood iyo / ama kooxaha bulshada. Kooxaha dadwaynaha waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu dhejiyo qowmiyad, jinsi, da ', jihada galmada, xaaladda dhaqaale, dhaqanka isticmaalka daroogada, ama isku darka mid ama dhamaan qeybahaas.
Xaaladdu waxay cabiraysaa khatarta xaalad horumarineed mudo gaar ah. Tirada ayaa timid iyadoo la barbardhigay tirada kiisaska cusub ee la soo sheegey intii lagu jiray muddad gaar ah oo leh tirada guud ee dadkaas. Shaxda waxay sheegi kartaa saamiga (sida 45 kiis oo ka mid ah 1,000 qof) ama boqolkiiba (4.5%).
HIV, dhacdooyinka waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qiyaaso in halista HIV (ama jirro la xiriira HIV) ay kordhayso ama hoos u dhacayso koox gaar ah, badanaa sannadkiiba sannadka.
Dhibaatada waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsadaa cilmi baarayaasha si loo go'aamiyo haddii isbedel ku yimaada arrin gaar ah (tusaale ahaan, helitaanka daaweynta, siyaasadda dadweynaha) ay wax ka beddeli karto kooxaha bulshada. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, saadaalinta khatarta iyadoo loo eegayo falanqaynta dhacdada ayaa u oggolaanaysa qoondaynta khayraadka ugu fiican.
Marka ugu yaryar, baaxad-darrada ayaa qeexaysa halkan iyo hadda, halka dhacdadu ay sharxayso waxa laga yaabo inay noqoto.
Tusaalooyin
Tusaale ahaan, 5,600,000 oo qof oo ku nool Koonfur Afrika ayaa lagu qiyaasey in ay qabaan HIV-ga 2009-kii. Dad tiradoodu dhan tahay 53 milyan, cudurka HIV-ga ayaa la sheegay inuu yahay 10.6%. Markaad eegto si gaar ah dadka qaangaarka ah ee da'doodu u dhaxayso 15 ilaa 49 ayaa loo tixgeliyaa dadka da'da ugu badan ee halista ugu jira HIV-ga adduunka -waxay kordhineysaa kor u kaca 17.3% (shaxda ay isticmaasho Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka ee sahanka isbarbardhigga qaranka).
Taas bedelkeeda, cudurrada HIV-ga ee raggu galmoodka la yeeshay San Francisco 2006 waxay ahaayeen 1.75%, oo ku salaysan 772 infekshanno cusub oo ah dadwaynaha 44,138 HIV-negative-positive MSM. Iyadoo la hirgelinayo siyaasad cusub oo caafimaadka bulshada ah sannadka 2010 (oo ay ku jirto daaweynta guud ee daaweynta cudurka ), dhacdadu waxay hoos u dhacday 1.27% marka la gaaro 2011. Iyada oo heerka MSM ay kor u kacaan magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka, isbedelka dhacdooyinka waxaa loo arkaa inay muhiim tahay oo tilmaamaya wax-ku-oolnimada siyaasadaha cusub.
Maraykanka dhexdiisa
Marka laga eego aragti caalami ah, iyadoo inta badan cudurada iyo dhacdooyinka HIV-ga ay u kala duwanyihiin dalka oo dhan, waxaa caadi ahaan jira urur xiriirinaya culeyska cudurrada iyo sida firfircoon dalku u maamulayo cudurrada faafa ee gudaha xudduudaha.
Tusaale ahaan, halka lagu qiyaasay 1.2 malyuun oo infekshanka Mareykanka ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay caddaado marka la barbardhigo tirooyinka lagu arko horumarka, jiritaanka iyo dhacdooyinka cudurku wuxuu sawiraa sawir muuqda oo kala duwan.
Marka la barbardhigo dalalka kale ee horumaray, Maraykanka ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya (0.6%) iyo dhacdooyinka (15.3 halkii 100,000).
Taas bedelkeeda, sicirka baahsan ee dalal badan oo dakhligoodu sarreeyo ayaa ka hooseeya 0.3%, halka heerka dhexe ee dhexdhexaadku ka yar yahay kala bar ee Maraykanka (6.3 100,000).
Waxaa la rajeynayaa in guulaha dhowaan laga yaabo inay dib ugu noqdaan isbeddellada gudaha Maraykanka, inkasta oo ay hoos udhigmayso daryeelka iyo sii-daynta dadka ee dadka ugu nugul ( Afrikaan Maraykan ah , raga galmoodka leh ragga waxay u badan tahay inay sii wadaan in ay sii wadaan sicirrada infekshannada cusub.
Ilaha:
Barnaamijka Wadajirka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay ee HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Xaashida Xaqiiqda ee Epidemiological - South Africa." Geneva, Switzerland; 2009.
McFarland, W. "HIV / AIDS Dib u soo Celinta San Francisco - Tirooyinka." Waaxda Caafimaadka Bulshada ee San Francisco. Nofeembar 29, 2006; Bandhigga Powerpoint.
Bajko, M. "HIV wuxuu sii wadaa inuu ka baxo SF." Warbixinta Aagga Bay. La daabacay March 24, 2011.
Raymond, A .; Hill, A ;; iyo Pozniak, A. "Farqiga ballaadhan ee daaweynta HIV-ga ayaa soo koobaya inta u dhaxaysa sideed dal Yurub iyo wadamo dakhligoodu sarreeyo - falanqaynta meelaha jebiska ah."; Golaha Caalamiga ah ee Daaweynta Daroogada ee HIV-ga; Glasgow, Scotland; Nofember 2-6, 2014; abstract O237.