In Vivo vs In Vitro - Qeexitaanka, Siyaabaha iyo kala duwanaanta
Haddii aad akhrisatay daraasado caafimaad, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad aragtay in qaar ka mid ah ay yihiin 'in vivo' iyo qaar ka mid ah 'vitro'. Maxay yihiin qeexitaannada iyo kala duwanaanshaha ereyadan, iyo sababta ay muhiim ugu yihiin fahamka cilmi-baarista caafimaadka?
Guudmarka
Qeexitaanka: In Vivo
Ereyga kudhaca maskaxda waxaa loola jeedaa baaritaan caafimaad, tijaabin ama nidaam lagu sameeyo (ama) noolaha nool, sida xayawaan ama shaybaarka.
Qeexitaanka: In Vitro
Ereyga ku jira vitro, oo ka soo horjeeda jiritaanka jirka, waxaa loola jeedaa baaritaan caafimaad ama tijaabo ah oo lagu sameeyo sheybaarka dhexdiisa oo xiran tuubo tijaabo ah ama saxaro shaybaar.
Siyaabo isku mid ah
Tijaabooyinka caafimaadka ama baaritaan caafimaad ayaa laga yaabaa in lagu sameeyo gudaha vivo ama in vitro. Nidaamyadani waxay la mid yihiin in labadoodaba la sameeyo si loo hormariyo aqoonta iyo daaweynta cudurrada iyo cudurada iyo sidoo kale fahamka "fayoqaha" iyo hawlaha jidhka caadiga ah
Kala duwanaanta
Inkastoo ay jiraan isku mid u dhexeeya gudaha jimicsiga iyo daraasadaha, haddana labaduba waa muhiim in la fahmo jirkeena bini'aadamka, waxaa jira faraqyo muhiim ah oo ku saabsan sida daraasaddan loo qabto, sida loo fasiri karo, iyo codsiyada la taaban karo ee helitaan kasta oo sameeyey.
In Daraasadaha Caafimaadka ee Vitro
Daraasado caafimaad (sida eegista awoodda daawada loo isticmaalo daaweynta kansarka) badanaaba markii ugu horeysay ee lagu sameeyo faytowrka-sidoo kale waa tuubo tijaabo ah ama saxaro shaybaar.
Tusaale ahaan waxay sii kordhineysaa unugyada kansarka ee santuuqa ka baxsan jidhka. Tani waxaa lagu sameyn karaa iyada oo la isticmaalayo dhowr nooc oo kala duwan oo u ogolaanaya cilmi-baarayaasha in ay koraan unugyada kuwaas oo ka madaxbannaan jirka.
Daraasadaha waxaa badanaa laga sameeyaa marka ugu horreysa ee loo yaqaan 'vitro' sababo anshaxeed. In vitro-daraasadaha ayaa u oggolaanaya walaxda si ammaan ah loo barto, maadaama bani'aadamka ama xayawaannada aan lagu dabooli karin saameynaha suurtagalka ah ama sunta daroogada cusub.
Tani waxay u oggolaaneysaa cilmi-baarayaasha in ay bartaan inta ugu badan ee suurta gal ah daroogada ka hor inta aadan dadka u soo bandhigin waxyaabahaan saameynta leh. Haddii daawo kiimiko ah , tusaale ahaan, ma shaqeynayo unugyada kansarka ee ku koray saxan, waxay noqon lahayd mid aan caddaalad ahayn in bini aadamka loo isticmaalo daroogada oo ay halis galiyaan suntan.
Daraasaddada vitro waxay muhiim u tahay in ay u oggolaadaan horumarinta dhakhso ah ee daaweynta cusub - daroogo badan ayaa la baran karaa hal mar (waxaana lagu baran karaa tiro badan oo ah unugyada unugyada) iyo kaliya kuwa u muuqda inay saameyn ku yeelan karaan Waxbarashada aadanaha.
Maqnaanshaha biokinetics, ee ereyada caafimaad, waa mid ka mid ah caqabadaha muhiimka ah ee daraasaddaha vitro. A la'aanta biokinetics iyo sidoo kale waxyaabo kale oo daran ayaa ka dhigi kara mid aad u adag in la dheereeyo natiijooyinka waxa laga yaabo in la filayo marka daroogada loo isticmaalo gudaheeda.
Hawlaha Daaweynta ee Vivo
Marka la barbardhigo daraasaddaha vitro, daraasadaha vivo waa loo baahan yahay si loo arko sida jirka guud ahaan uga jawaabi doono walax gaar ah. Xaaladaha qaarkood baaritaanka vitro ee daroogada ayaa noqon doona mid rajo leh, laakiin baaritaanada dambe ee kudhaca jirka ayaa ku fashilmay inay muujiyaan waxtarka (ama, dhinaca kale, helitaanka daroogada in ay tahay mid aan ammaan ahayn) marka loo isticmaalo geeddi-socodka dheef-shiid kiimikaad badan oo si joogto ah u dhacaya gudaha jirka.
Tusaale ahaan, sida loo isticmaalo daraasadaha vivo waa loo baahan yahay si loo qiimeeyo daroogooyinka waa marka la eego nacnaca daroogada ee jirka. Maandooriye cusub ayaa u muuqda inuu u shaqeynayo saxan, laakiin maaha jirka aadanaha. Waxay noqon kartaa in daroogada aan la nuugin marka ay caloosha gudubto, sidaas darteed waxay leedahay saameyn yar oo aadanaha ah. Xaaladaha kale, tusaale ahaan xitaa haddii daroogada la siiyay xididdo, waxay noqon kartaa in daroogada ay jajabiso jidhka iyada oo loo marayo tiro kasta oo falcelin ah oo si joogto ah u dhaca, sidaas darteedna daroogadu ma noqon doonto mid waxtar leh marka loo isticmaalo si toos ah aadanaha.
Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in badanaa waqtiyada daraasada vivo in marka hore lagu sameeyo xayawaanka aadanaha sida jiirarka.
Daraasadahan waxay u oggolaanayaan cilmi-baarayaasha inay fursad u helaan inay ogaadaan sida daroogada ay u shaqeyso habab kale oo jireed. Hase yeeshee jiirarka iyo aadanuhu waxay leeyihiin kala duwanaansho muhiim ah. Mararka qaar daroogada oo wax ku ool ah jiirku ma noqon doono mid wax ku ool ah bini'aadamka (iyo wixii kale ee ka dambeeya) sababtoo ah kala duwanaansho u dhaxeeya noocyada.
Daraasadaha ku jira suugaanta
Markaad eegto daraasad lagu sameeyo qiimeynta daaweynta kansarka - ama daaweyn kasta oo kale - hubinta nooca daraasaddeed (waa vivo vs in vitro) waa talaabo muhiim ah oo muhiim ah. Daraasaddaha vitro-ga ayaa aad muhiim u ah isla markaana aasaas u ah cilmi-baaris dheeraad ah, laakiin qaar badan oo ka mid ah daraasaddan ayaa ku dhawaaqaya natiijooyinka xiisaha-laakiin ma saameynayaan adiga shakhsi ahaan waqti aad u badan. Taa bedelkeeda, daraasadaha gudaha ee vivo waxay fiirinayaan saameynta dhabta ah ee noolaha - ha ahaado xayawaan ama shaybaarka. Waxay noqon kartaa wakhti-haddii daraasaddu tahay daraasad xayawaan-ilaa daroogada ama habka loo qiimeeyo bini-aadanka, laakiin waa talaabo u dhow in loo isticmaalo nolosha dhabta ah.
Tusaalooyinka: Daawooyinka kemotherabi ee cusub ee kansarka sanbabada ayaa badanaa lagu bartaa vitro ka hor inta aan lagu baranin gudaha jimicsiga tijaabooyinka kiliiniga ee aadanaha.
> Ilo:
> FDA. Daraasada isdhexgalka Daroogada: Daraasadda Daraasada, Falanqaynta Xogta, Saamaynta Soo-jeedinta iyo Soo-jeedinta Qorista. Febraayo 2012. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/ucm292362.pdf
> Killkenny, C. et al. Cilmi-baadhis xayawaan ah: Ka warbixinta tijaabooyinka ku-oolka ah: ARRIVE. British Journal of Pharmacology . 2010. 160 (7): 1577-179.
> Saeidnia, S., Manayi, A., iyo M. Abdollah. Laga soo bilaabo Dhibaatooyinka Vitaminada iyo Daraasadaha Caafimaadka; Dhibaatooyinka iyo Culaysyada. Tiknoolajiyada Discovery Technologies ee hadda . 2015. 12 (4): 218-24.