Marka ay Carruurta u Baahan Antibiotics
Antibiyootikada sida caadiga ah ayaa loo qoraa si aan loo baahnayn hargab, hargabka, qufaca iyo boronkiitada, iyo xuubka feeraha, iwm.
Xad-dhaafsiisku waa dhibaato weyn
Tani waxay si xad dhaaf ah u isticmaali kartaa antibiyootikada waxay keeni kartaa waxyeelo aan la rabin, oo ay ku jiraan shuban iyo falcelin xasaasiyadeed. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ka sii muhiimsan tahay, isticmaalka daawada antibiyootikadu waxay keenaysaa in bakteeriyo badani helaan awoodda ay uga hortagaan antibiotics.
Bakteeriyadaas daawada antibiyootikadu way adagtahay in la daaweeyo, badanaaba waxay u baahan tahay antibiyootiko xooggan, waxayna sababi kartaa infekshannada nafta halis galisa.
Waxaad ka caawin kartaa ka hortagga dhibaatada bakteeriyada antibiyootikada u adkeysata adoo hubinaya in ilmahaagu qaato antibiyootiko marka uu u baahan yahay kadibna uu qaato sidii loo qoray. Fahmidda habraaca daaweynta antibiyootigga ugu dambeysa ee cudurada dhegaha iyo infekshanka sanbabada, oo ay ku jiraan fursado lagu ilaaliyo ilmahaaga iyada oo aan daawada antibiyootikadu, laga yaabo inay caawiso hoos u dhigida isticmaalka antibiyootigyada.
Antibiyootiko loogu talagalay Dhibaatooyinka dhegta
Cudurada dhegta ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan ee cudurka antibiyootika lagu qoro carruurta.
Tilmaamaha la sii daayay 2004 ayaa waxay gacan ka geysteen in ay yareeyaan qaar ka mid ah rijeetooyinkaas, sida ay kugula taliyeen "xulashada kormeerka" carruurta qaarkood oo qaba infekshinka dhegta. Carruurtaas oo si ammaan ah loo ilaalin karo laba illaa seddex maalmood iyadoon la daawayn antibiyootika waxay ku jiraan kuwa ugu yaraan 2 sano jir ah waxayna yeesheen calaamado khafiif ah.
Tilmaamaha cusub ee AAP, ayaa "fursadda kormeerka" ayaa hadda loo fidiyey dhallaanka da'doodu tahay 6-bilood jir. Maskaxda ku hay in fiirsashada aan lahayn antibiyootikadu weli waa ikhtiyaarka wanaagsan ee carruurta leh:
- infekshanka dhagaha ee hal dheg (hal dhinac) ama carruurta ugu yaraan 2-sano jir ah leh calaamado khafiif ah iyo infekshanka dhagaha labada dhegood (labadaba)
- infekshinka dhagaha oo aan lahayn dheecaan maqaar ah (otorrhea)
- calaamadaha fudud, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa qaba xanuun fudud oo dhegta ah, heerkul ka hooseeya 102.2 darajo F (39 darajo C)
- helitaanka qorshaha daaweynta dabagalka ah haddii calaamadaha ilmuhu ka sii daraan ama aysan ka fiicnaan 2 ilaa 3 maalmood
- waalidiinta ku heshiiya qorshe ay ku fiirsanayaan daaweyn antibiotic ah
Carruurta qaba infakshanka dhagaha ee aan u lahayn musharax wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay daaweynta, gaar ahaan kuwa qaba calaamadaha halista ah, ka dibna daawada loo qoro antibiotics ayaa weli lagula talinayaa.
Waa maxay antibiotics?
Haddii ilmahaagu uusan ku jirin antibiyootiko 30-kii maalmood ee ugu dambeeyey oo uusan xasaasiyad ku lahayn, ka dibna wuxuu u badan yahay in loo qoro amoxycillin-sare. Fursadaha kale waxaa ka mid ah amoxycillin-clavulanate (augmentin XR), cefdinir (Omnicef), cefpodoxime (Vantin), cefuroxime (Ceftin), ama hal illaa seddex maalmood oo ah ceftriaxone (Rocefen).
Tilmaamaha ugu dambeeyay waxay sidoo kale ku dareen qorshe cusub oo daaweyneed oo cusub oo loogu talagalay marka daaweynta kore ee daaweyntu ay ku fashilmeen, oo ay ku jiraan tallaalka ceftriaxone iyo 3 cisho oo clindamycin ah oo leh ama aan lahayn antibiyootiko ah cefalosporin (cefdinir, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, iwm.). Isku-darka kiniiniga kiniiniga ah iyo daawada antibiyootigga cefalosporin ee seddexaad ayaa sidoo kale ah xulasho wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay carruurtaas.
Antibiyootiko loogu talagalay Infekshinka Sinuska
Inkasta oo antibiyootikadu muddo dheer lagula taliyay in lagu daaweeyo sanboorka carruurta, haddana badiyaa ayaa si khalad ah loo isticmaalaa marka carruurtu leeyihiin infekshinada faafa ee fayruuska sare ee faafa. Tilmaamaha daaweynta ee soo baxay sannadkii 2001 ayaa u shaqeeyey si ay u caawiyaan yaraynta daawadan antibiyootikada adigoo bixiya shuruudo caafimaad oo loogu talagalay in lagu ogaado sambabada. Ka dib marka la eego, si sax ah loo daaweeyo caabuq, waa inaad marka hore si sax ah u ogaato. Haddii ilmahaagu leeyahay sanka oo duufsan oo uu keeno hargab caadi ah, ka dibna ma laha infekshanka sanboorka uma baahna daawo antibiotic ah.
Tilmaamahan ayaa dhawaan la cusbooneysiiyey, iyo sida loo isticmaalo tilmaamaha caabuqa dhagaha hadda oo ay ku jiraan xulasho kormeer ah oo loogu talagalay carruurta xulashada. Waxay weli ka bilaabataa talo soo jeedin ah in sinusitis lagu ogaado si sax ah inkastoo, oo ay ku jirto in lagu ogaado cillad sambabada ah, cunuggu wuxuu leeyahay calaamado joogto ah (sanka oo duuf iyo / ama qufac maalinimo ah in ka badan 10 maalmood iyadoon la hagaajin), calaamadaha ka sii daraya waxay bilaabeen inay soo roonaadaan, ama calaamado daran ugu yaraan 3 maalmood.
Carruurta leh calaamadaha aan joogtada ahayn, halkii ay ku qori lahaayeen antibiyootikada isla markiiba, fursada kale waxay ku daaweyn kartaa cunugga 3 maalmood oo dheeraad ah iyada oo aan daawada antibiyootikada si loo ogaado haddii uu ku fiicnaado. Haddii uusan ka fiicneyn, wuu ka sii daraa, iyo kuwa carruurta hore loogu sheego calaamadaha cagaarshow iyo calaamadaha daran ama kuwa horay u sii xumaanaya, ka dibna daawada laguu qoray antibiotics ayaa weli lagula talinayaa.
Daawooyinka antibiyootikada lagu taliyey ee cudurada sanbabada ugu dambeeyay ee AAP waxaa ku jira:
- amoxycillin-sare (daaweyn-koowaad)
- qiyaasta caadiga ah ee amoxycillin (carruurta ka weyn da'da 2 sano ee aan ku jirin xannaanada)
- qaadashada tallaalka sare (daawada antibiyootigga ee dhowaan)
- 1-3-kiniinimo maalin kasta ah (ma qaadan doono ama u dulqaadan doono qiyaasta bilowga antibiyootikada) si loo raaco koorso 10-maalmood ah oo ka mid ah antibiyootika afka ah marka ay soo fiicnaanayaan
Sida infakshanka dhegaha, carruurta qaba cilladda sambabada waxaa sidoo kale lagu daaweyn karaa cefdinir, cefuroxime, ama cefpoxoxime. Haddii aysan jirin wax horumar ah 3 maalmood (72 saacadood), antibiyootigga ilmahaaga ayaa loo baahan karaa in la bedelo mid ka mid ah kuwa kale, gaar ahaan haddii uu ku bilowday amoxycillin.
Antibiyootiko loogu talagalay Xanuunka Xanuunka
Tani waa mid sahlan. Carruurtu aad bay u yartahay inay u baahdaan antibiyootiko marka ay qabaan cuno xanuun haddii aysan haysan koox ah Cudurka faafka ee streptococcal (strep). Sababtoo ah dhuun xanuun (faryngitis) ayaa badanaa keena infakshanka fayraska, waa in la sameeyaa baaritaanka strep si loo xaqiijiyo ogaanshaha cudurka kahor intaan antibiotics la qorin.
Haddii ilmuhu leeyahay cunaha strep , markaas daaweynta antibiotikada waxaa ka mid noqon kara:
- Penicillin V
- qiyaasta caadiga ah ee amoxycillin
- Benzinineine penicillin G (duritaanka penicillin)
Carruurta xasaasiyadda ku leh penicillin waxaa lagu daaweyn karaa cefalosporin hore, sida cephalexin (Keflex) ama cefadroxil (Duricef), clindamycin, azithromycin (Zithromax), ama cadithromycin (Biaxin).
Antibiyootiko loogu talagalay Bronchitis
Waxay waalidiinta u tahay arrin la yaab leh in buugga AAP Red Data uu sheego in "cudurro aan loo baahneyn / qufac aan caadi ahayn ee carruurta, iyadoon loo eegin muddada, ma sheegto daaweynta antimicrobial."
Maskaxda ku hay in boronkiitada ba'an ay sababi karto qufac, taasoo noqon karta wax soo saar leh, waxayna socon kartaa ilaa saddex toddobaad. Mar labaad, isticmaalka daawooyinka antibiyootikada laguma talinayo in lagu daaweeyo boronkiitada daran.
Ilmahaaga ayaa laga yaabaa in loo qoro antibiyootiko haddii uu qabo qufac dheeraaday oo soconaya 10 ilaa 14 maalmood ama ka badan oo dhakhtarku wuxuu ka shakisan yahay inay sababtay mid ka mid ah bakteeriyadan:
- Bordetella parapertussis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Tan ugu muhiimsan, taniyo antibiyootigyada ayaa badanaa laga badiyay si loo daaweeyo boronkiitada, weydii haddii ilmahaagu dhab ahaantii u baahan yahay antibiotic marka uu qufacayo.
Antibiyootiko loogu talagalay Caabuqyada Maqaarka
In kastoo cuncunka iyo xaaladaha kale ee maqaarku ay caadi yihiin carruurta, nasiib wanaag, badankood uma baahna daaweyn antibiyootiko ah. Qaar waxay sameeyaan, inkastoo, iyo kordhinta bakteeriyada iska caabisa, waa muhiim in cunuggaaga qaba infekshinka maqaarka lagu qoro antibiyootig sax ah.
Caabuqyada unugyada maqaarka iyo kuwa jilicsan ayaa ku jiri kara:
- cellulitis oo aan lahayn purulent (pus) drainage - walwal yar oo MRSA ah, sidaa darteed waxaa loo isticmaali karaa antibiotic joogta ah iyo / ama antibiyootiko ah, sida cephalexin ama cefadroxil.
- cellulitis-ka leh purulent (pus) drainage - antibiyootiko oo daaweysa MRSA , oo ay ku jiraan clindamycin, TMP-SMX (Bactrim), tetracycline (carruurta ugu yaraan 8 jir ah), ama linezolid.
- ciribtirka - antibiotics ee daaweeya MRSA, oo ay ku jiraan clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim), tetracycline (carruurta ugu yaraan 8 jir ah), ama linezolid.
- impetigo - mupirosin 2% bacriminta maqaarka ama antibiotic afka ah ee loogu talagalay kiisaska ballaaran (cephalexin ama cefadroxil).
Cillad sahlan oo fudud ayaa lagu daaweyn karaa iyada oo aan lahayn antibiyootiko haddii la daadin karo, ma sii xumaanayso, ilmuhuna wuxuu leeyahay calaamado fudud. Dhaawac halis ah ayaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahdo isbitaal dhigis, dheecaan qalliin iyo antibiyootigyada IV.
Bactrim, oo badanaa loo isticmaalo daaweynta MRSA, ma daaweeyo bakteeriyada streptococci-ka ee beta-hemolytic, taas oo sidoo kale keeni karta infakshan maqaar ah. Tani waxay muhiim u tahay in dhakhtarkaaga uusan ku qorin Bactrim haddii aysan ka shakin in cunugaagu qabo MRSA.
Antibiotikada Shubanka
Waalidiintu inta badan ma filanayaan daawada antibiyootikada marka ilmahoodu ku dhaco shuban. Waxaa intaa dheer in xaqiiqda ah in shubanku badanaa keeno caabuqyada fayraska, sunta, sumowga cuntada, iwm, xitaa marka uu keeno bakteeriya, maahan inaad u baahato antibiotics.
Dhab ahaan, xaaladaha qaarkood, antibiotics waxay ilmahaaga ka dhigi kartaa shuban.
- Salmonellosis - Shubanka uu keeno bakteeriyada Salmonella waxay caadi ahaan iska tagtaa. Antibiyootikadu waxay ka dhigi kartaa cunugaaga in uu ku faafo muddo dheer.
- Shigellosis - Shubanka uu keeno bakteeriyada Shigella ayaa iska tagi karta, lakiin kiisaska daran waxaa laga yaabaa inay u baahdaan daaweyn antibiyootiko ah. Daawooyinka antibiyootikada lagu taliyey ee caabuqyada Shigella waxaa ka mid ah daawada azithromycin iyo ceftriaxone haddii ay iska caabbiyaan antibiyootikada joogtada ah, sida amoxycillin iyo trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
- Caabuqyada E. coli - Shuban uu keeno E. coli caadi ahaan wuu iska tagaa. Haddii lagu daaweeyo antibiyootiko, qaar ka mid ah, sida Shiga sunta keena E. coli (STEC), waxay ilmahaaga u gelin kartaa khatar ah HUS (Xaaladda Cudurka Xanuunka Cudurka Xanuunka (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome) - xaalad halis ah oo nafta halis galisa oo ay ku jirto dhiig-yaraan iyo kalyo-xumo).
- Campylobacteriosis - Shubanka uu keeno bakteeriyada Campylobacter wuxuu kaliya u baahan yahay daaweynta azithromycin haddii ilmuhu leeyahay calaamado daran.
- Dadka qaba antibiyootikada waxay halis u yihiin infakshanka infakshanka C. , oo keena shuban, waxaana caadi ahaan loo baahan yahay in lagu daaweeyo antibiyootiko sida metronidazole.
Maadaama badanaa antibiyootikada looma baahna inta badan cudurada keena shubanka, dhab ahaantii, waxay u keeni karaan shuban, sida infekshannada kale, hubso inaad dhakhtarkaaga weydiiso haddii ilmahaagu dhab ahaantii u baahan yahay. Antibiyootikadu had iyo jeer ma aha jawaabta marka ilmuhu jiran yahay ama markaad dhakhtarka soo booqanaysid.
Ilaha:
Tilmaamaha Tababarrada Caafimaadka Bukaanka ee Agaasinka Cilmi-baarista ee Cilmi-baadhista iyo Maareynta Cudurka Bacterial Sinusitis ee Carruurta da'doodu tahay 1 ilaa 18 sano. Pediatrics Vol. 131 Maya 7 Julaay 1, 2013.
Tilmaamaha Tababarrada Habboon ee Maraykanka. Ciladeynta iyo Maareynta Warbaahinta Aaladaha Aaladda ah. Pediatrics Vol. 113 Maya. Pp. 1451-1465.
Tilmaamaha Tababarrada Habboon ee Maraykanka. Ciladeynta iyo Maareynta Warbaahinta Aaladaha Aaladda ah. Pediatrics Vol. 131 Maya 3 Maarso 1, 2013. pp. E964-e999.
Akademiyada Maraykanka ee Cudurada Carruurta. Mabaadii'da Isticmaalka Habboon ee Cudurrada Xakamaynta Neefta. Red Book 2012: 802-805.
Ururka wadnaha American. Ka Hortagga Xummadda Rogniska iyo Cilad-baadhista iyo Daaweynta Xanuunka Dhiigga Dhiigga Dhiigga. 2009; 119: 1541-1551.
Cudurrada Cudurada Cudurrada Bulshada ee Mareykanka Cilmi-baarista Tababarrada. Maareynta bukaanka qaba cudurrada ay keento Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Cudurada Cudurrada Cudurrada ah; 2011; 52: 1-38.