Maxay tahay sababta cinwaankaaga uu noqon karo Khatarta ugu weyn ee HIV-ga

Magaalooyinka Mareykanka oo leh Heerarka ugu sareeya ee caabuqa

Cunsurrada halista HIV-ga ayaa si fudud u ah sifooyinka u dhigma shakhsiga halista weyn ama yar ee helitaanka (ama gudbinta) HIV . Guud ahaan waxaan u qaadaneynaa mid ka mid ah afarta waxyaabood:

• Qofka jinsiga ah
• Jiheynta galmada
• Dhaqannada galmada (sida, galmada la isku qurxiyo , galmada afka )
• Dabeecadaha kale ee kordhin kara ama yareyn kara suurtagalnimada caabuqa (sida, kondhom , isticmaalka daroogada oo loo isticmaalo , daaweynta antiretroviral )

Caabuqyada halista HIV-ka looma jeedo in la saadaaliyo in qofku ku dhici doono cudurka; halkii ay ujeedadoodu tahay inay muujiso halista qofka ee HIV-ga si uu isaga ama iyada u qaado tallaabooyin lagu yareeyo khatarta. Xitaa marka xaaladaha qaarkood aysan ahayn jinsi la mid ah ama jihada galmada-waxay naga caawin karaan inaanu samayno go'aan ku salaysan oo ku saleysan sida aan fayruska ugu faafi karno bulshadeena gaarka ah ama koox.

Mid ka mid ah qodobada halista ah ee aan inta badan ka hadalno, ugu yaraan shakhsi ahaan, waa sida aad u nooshahay saameyn toos ah khatarta HIV, si toos ah iyo si dadbanba.

Hiv waxaa badanaa ku jira Cudurrada Magaalo

Hiv waxaa wali ah, iyo weyn, cudur magaaleed. Badanaa waxay ku badan tahay magaalooyinka dadku ku badan yahay ee ka badan 500,000 iyo ugu badnaan beelaha halis ugu jira HIV-da keliya laakiin aan lahayn caabuqyo kale oo faafa.

Inkasta oo ciribtirka infekshanku uu ku kala duwanaan karo gobollada gobolka, cudurrada faafa ayaa inta badan ku kordha faqriga, la'aanta adeegyo gaar ah oo HIV ah, iyo waxqabadka caafimaad ee dadweynaha oo aan fiicnayn ee loo yaqaan 'epidemic'.

Dalka Mareykanka, heerka ugu sareeya ee infekshanka cusub ee HIV wuxuu ku yaallaa Koonfurta, halkaas oo 18.5 qof kasta oo 100,000 qof qaba cudurka qabaa. Tani waxaa si dhow ula socda Woqooyi Bari (14.2) iyo Galbeedka (11.2).

Walaac badan, sagaal gobol oo ka kooban Koonfurta ayaa sidoo kale ku jira 40 boqolkiiba dhammaan cudurrada cusub, inkastoo ay ka dhigan tahay 28 boqolkiiba dadweynaha Mareykanka.

Marka loo eego Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Ka Hortagga Cudurrada (CDC), degmooyinka weyn ee leh cudurka ugu sarreeya ee HIV (tusaale, tirada kiisaska HIV) waa:

1. Baton Rouge, Louisiana
2. Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
3. New Orleans, Louisiana
4. Jackson, Mississippi
5. Orlando, Florida
6. Memphis, Tennessee
7. Atlanta, Georgia
8. Columbus, South Carolina
9. Jacksonville, Florida
10. Baltimore, Maryland
11. Houston, Texas
12. San Juan, Puerto Rico
13. Tampa-St. Petersburg, Florida
14. New York City-Newark-Jersey City, New York-New Jersey
15. Little Rock, Arkansas
16. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-Maryland-West Virginia
17. Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas
18. Charleston, South Carolina
19. Las Vegas, Nevada
20. Los Angeles, California

Sawirka ayaa wax yar isbeddelaya markaad eegto faafitaanka HIV ee magaalooyinka Mareykanka. Marka laga soo tago heerka xaddiga, tiradani waxay noo sheegeysaa inta dad ah 100,000 oo qof ay ku qaadaan degaan gobol oo gaar ah.

Magaalooyinka Maraykanku leh ee ugu sareeya ee HIV-ga (tirada kiisaska 100,000 qof deggan) waa:

1. Miami (1,046)
2. San Francisco (1,032)
3. Fort Lauderdale (925.8)
4. Philadelphia (881.9)
5. Magaalada New York (859.7)
6. Baltimore (678.5)
7. New Orleans (673.3)
8. Washington, DC (622.8)
9. Newark (605.7)
10. Jackson, Mississippi (589.7)
11. San Juan, Puerto Rico (583.2)

1. West Palm Beach (579.4)
2. Baton Rouge (560)
3. Memphis (543.5)
4. Columbus, South Carolina (509.1)
5. Atlanta (506.6)
6. Los Angeles (465.2)
7. Orlando (460.7)
8. Jacksonville (451.4)
9. Detroit (410.7)

Sidee jawaabta magaalada uga sii kordhin kartaa, hoos u dhigida qiimaha HIV

Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in faafida HIV-ga aysan macquul ahayn in loo turjumo tiro badan oo ah infekshannada cusub. Xitaa magaalooyinka leh qaar ka mid ah fiiruska ugu badan ee caabuqa HIV, jawaab celin caafimaad oo wax ku ool ah waxay si weyn u yarayn kartaa khatarta gudbinta gudbinta.

Qaado San Francisco, tusaale ahaan, magaalo oo ka jawaab celisay cudurrada faafa iyadoo noqotay midka ugu horreeya ee loogu yeero baaritaanka iyo daaweynta guud ee sannadka 2010.

Inkasta oo ay ku sii badanayso HIV-da Mareykanka, haddana jawaabta gardarrada ee magaaladu waxay keentay hoos u dhac ku yimaada infekshannada cusub, oo ku dhufanayay waqti dhan 302 kiis oo keli ah ilaa 2015. Waxaa la aaminsan yahay in isticmaalka baahsan ee HIV PrEP (ka hor -isocodsiinta qanjirada) wuxuu yareyn karaa heerarka xitaa dheeraad ah.

Taas bedelkeeda, maqnaanshaha jawaab celinta ayaa keeni karta dillaac xitaa kuwa yaryar, kuwa aan magaalooyinka ahayn. Waxaan tan tan ku soo aragnay 2015 magaalada Austin, Indiana (tirada dad 4,295), halkaas oo in ka badan 100 xaaladood oo HIV ah ayaa lagu soo warramey in ay isticmaalaan daroogooyinka mukhadaraadka sameeya kuwaas oo la wadaago cirbadaha iyagoo qaadanaya taleefanka daroogada ee daroogada. Cudurka dillaacay ayaa qayb weyn ku leh xayiraadda gobolka ee barnaamijka isdhaafsiga iinta (NEPs) loogu talagalay in looga hortago caabuqyada noocaas ah.

Xaaladaha aan la yaabin, dawladaha qaarkood oo ka mid ah heerka ugu sarreeya ee HIV-ga ayaa iyaguna sidoo kale ka mamnuucaya NEPs (oo ay ka mid yihiin Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, South Carolina, Teksas), taasina iyada oo ay jirto inkastoo ay jirto caddayn cilmi ah oo cilmi baaris ah oo muujinaya waxqabadka NEPs ka hortagga cudurada dhiigga gudbinta.

Sidoo kale, gobollada aan hirgelin ballaarinta Medicaid, oo loogu talagalay inay bixiso daryeel caafimaad oo ka sii daraysa dadka dakhligoodu hooseeyo, ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ka soo jeeda heerarka HIV (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas).

Marka loo eego Xarumaha Miisaaniyadda iyo Muhiimadaha Siyaasadda, la qabsashada ballaarinta Medicaid waxay siisaa dadka qaba HIV si ay u helaan daryeel aan ahayn oo keliya laakiin si aan kala go 'lahayn, daryeel caafimaad oo muddo dheer ah.

Gobolka Massachusetts, tusaale ahaan, dib-u-habeyn buuxda oo caafimaad ayaa ballaarisay daryeelka HIV iyo daaweynta 91 boqolkiiba dadka deggan HIV, hoos u dhigista isbitaalada iyo kharashka daryeelka caafimaadka ee la xiriira HIV $ 1.5 bilyan.

Taa ka soo horjeeda, gobolka Alabama waa in ay qaataan 25 boqolkiiba barnaamijkeeda ADAP (Barnaamijka Caawinta Daroogada ee AIDA) ee laga helay miisaaniyadda gobolka 2011-inta badan oo laga yaabo inay ku duubnaayeen barnaamijyada kale ee caafimaadka dadwayn tan 81 boqolkiiba kuwa ADAP ayaa u qalma Medicaid.

Dhammaan dadka ayaa u sheegay, in ka badan kala badh dadka aan caymiska lahayn iyo dadka dakhligoodu yar yahay ee la nool HIV ay ku nool yihiin gobolo diiday diidmada Medicaid. Inta badan waxa ay isku raaceen in iska hor imaadyada joogtada ah ee fiditaanka kuwa ugu baahida badan - ay ka mid yihiin, African-Americans iyo raga iyo dumarka lab iyo dhedig-xataa halis weyn oo ah caabuq, jirro, iyo dhimasho.

Magaalooyinka Ugu Hooseeya Heerarka HIV

Marka loo eego CDC, cudurkan HIV-ga ee ka jira degaannada aan magaalooyinka ahayn ee Maraykanku wuxuu kudhowaad yahay 112.1 xaaladood 100,000. Magaalooyinka 107-ka ah ee ku xusan warbixintaan 2015-ka, lix keli ayaa hoos u dhacay heerka hoose:

1. Boise, Idaho (71.7)
2. Rapid City, Michigan (100.1)
3. Fayetteville, Arkansas (108.8); Madison,
4. Wisconsin (110)
5. Ogden, Utah (48.6)
6. Provo, Utah (26.9)

Marka la barbardhigo, 10 magaalo oo Maraykan ah oo leh heerka ugu hooseeya ee caabuqa HIV-ga waa:

1. Provo, Utah
2. Spokane, Washington
3. Ogden, Utah
4. Boise, Idaho
5. Modesto, California
6. Worcester, Massachusetts
7. Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
8. Madison, Wisconsin
9. Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
10. Knoxville, Tennessee

> Ilo:

> Ururka Caafimaadka Amerika. "Barnaamijka Isticmaalka Beddelka 'ee Siyaasadda Maraykanka." JAMA. March 2016; 18 (3): 252-257.

> Xarumaha Miisaaniyadda iyo Muhiimadda Siyaasadeed. "Medicaid wuxuu horumarin doonaa natiijooyinka, qiimaha hoose ee dadka qaba HIV." Washington, DC; la daabacay online October 11, 2012.

> Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Ka Hortagga Cudurrada. (2015) Warbixinta Kormeerka HIV, 2014 (Qeybta 16). Atlanta, Georgia: CDC.

> Snider, J .; Juday, T .; Romley, J.; et al. "Ku dhowaad 60,000 oo aan caymis lahayn oo dakhligoodu hooseeyo dadka qaba HIV / AIDS ee ku nool waddamada aan sii wadi karin Medicaid." Arimaha Caafimaadka. Maarso 2014; 33 (3): 386-393.