Tilmaamaha Bukaanka ee Cudurrada Lagu Ogaaday Kansarka Maqaarka ee Melanoma
Fahmidda genetics kansarka iyo sida ay u ciyaaraan qayb ka mid ah melanoma ayaa laga yaabaa inay u eg tahay hawsha adag. Laakiin inaad qaadato wakhti aad ku sameyso oo kaliya oo kaa caawin karta inaad si fiican u fahamto khatartaada - iyo waxa aad ka qaban karto.
Jeermiska Cancer
Kansarka wuxuu bilaabmaa marka hal ama in ka badan gen ee unugyada unugyada (ka bedel qaabka caadiga ah). Tani waxay abuurtaa borotiinka aan caadiga ahayn ama wax protein ah, labaduba waxay keenaan unugyo isku-dhafan oo lagu dhufto si aan loo kantarooli karin.
Tirooyin badan oo hiddo-wade ayaa lagu baarayaa doorka melanoma, oo ay ku jiraan hiddo-u-guurka iyo ciladaha hiddaha ee la helay sababo la xiriira jawiga jawiga, sida soo-gaadhista qorraxda badan . Ilaa iyo hadda, kala duwanaansho hidde ah ayaa keli ah oo keliya 1% dhammaan baaritaanada melanoma, inkastoo daraasaddii 2009 ee laba mataano leh melanoma ay muujisay in 55% khatarta guud ee melanoma ee qofka ay sabab u tahay arrimo hidde ah. Cilmi-baaris ku socota degaankan adag ayaa wali ku jira da 'yaryar, laakiin rajo ayaa ka sareysa in mustaqbalka dhaw, tijaabooyinka hidda-socodku ay kaa caawin doonaan in lagu hagaajiyo baaritaanka melanoma, ogaanshaha , iyo daaweynta .
Isbedelka Gene ee ku dhaca Melanoma
Tusaalooyin ku saabsan isbeddellada hiddaha ee waalidka u gudbiya ilmaha waxaa ka mid ah kuwan soo socda:
CDKN2A - Isbedelada nidaamkan qaybta unugyada ayaa ah sababaha ugu badan ee melanoma laga dhaxlay. Hase yeeshe, isbeddelladan, weli, guud ahaan waa kuwo aan caadi ahayn, sidoo kale waxay u muuqan karaan kiisaska aan laga dhaxlay ee melanoma.
Dadka qaba melanoma fayruusku waxay inta badan leeyihiin tiro badan oo ah jiiro aan caadi ahayn oo jilicsan (dysplastic nevi) waxaana laga helaa melanoma da'doodu yar tahay (35 ilaa 40 jir). Tan iyo 70% dadka mutawaatka ah ee ku dhaca hiddaha CDKN2A waxay horumarin doonaan melanoma intii ay noolyihiin, baaritaano ganacsi ayaa loo sameeyay CDKN2A, inkastoo aysan caddayn haddii ogaanshaha natiijada baaritaanka ay faa'iido u leedahay dadka qaata hidda.
Xidhiidhka la xidhiidha, laakiin xitaa wax ka beddelidda ayaa ku jira hiddaha CDK4, oo sidoo kale xakamaynaya marka unugyada ay kala qaybiyaan oo kordhiyaan khatarta ah inay yeeshaan melanoma.
MC1R - Kordhinta caddayntu waxay muujineysaa in tirada badan ee kala duwan ee hidda loo yaqaan MC1R (melanocortin-1 reseptor), khatarta ugu weyn ee melanoma. Gowruhu wuxuu door muhiim ah ka qaataa go'aaminta haddii qofku leeyahay timo gaduudan, maqaar caddaalad ah, iyo dareen-celin shucaaca UV. Dadka leh maqaarro saytuun ah oo mugdi ah oo qaata hal ama dhowr nooc oo hiddaha hiddaha ah ayaa leh khatar ka sarreeya khatarta celceliska melaniga. Si kastaba ha noqotee, isku-beddelka MC1R wuxuu qaadaa halis ka badan tan CDKN2A ama isku-bedelka CDK4. Dhowaan, genka kale ee ku lug leh maqaarka maqaarka ayaa la ogaadey taas oo sidoo kale kordhin karta u nugulaanta melanoma, oo ay ku jiraan TYR (tyrosinase), TYRP1 (TYR la xiriira protein 1), iyo ASIP (agouti signaling protein).
MDM2 - Khariidadda hiddo-ahaaneed ee MDM2 waxay ku muuqataa "kor uqaadaha" hiddaha, "nooca tamarta korontada ee go'aamisa marka uu hindhistu soo jeesto iyo inta imisa nuqul oo ka mid ah unugyada. Cilmi-baadhis lagu daabacay 2009-kii ayaa muujisay in ay saadaalisay haweenka - laakiin ma aha rag - inay yeeshaan melanoma da'da yar (ka yar 50 sano). Haysashada isbadalkan ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka sii xoog badan tahay khataraha kale ee melanomka sida taariikhda qashinka sunburns, maqaarka caddaalad ah, iyo jahwareer.
Haddii aad leedahay waalid ama walaalo leh melanoma, khatarta aad u leedahay in aad qaaddo melanoma waa laba ilaa saddex jeer ka badan qofka caadiga ah. Hase yeeshee, khatarta wali way yar yahiin, xaalado badan, hiddesidaha aan la helin lama helayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khabiirada intooda badani waxay kugula talinayaan in dadka ay ka walaacaan taariikhdooda qoys ee melanoma la tasho la-taliye hidda iyo dhakhtarkaaga weydii ka qayb qaadashada cilmi-baarista hidde-wanaaga si aad u ogaato sida isbeddelka hidda-socodku u saameeyo khatarta melanoma. Ugu yaraan, dadka halista ugu jira melanomka dhaxaltooyada ah waa inay ku shaqeeyaan nabarrada qorraxda oo si taxadar leh u baaraan maqaarkooda bil kasta oo ka bilaabma da'da 10 si aad u eegto isbedelka muuqaalka kowada.
Dhibaatooyinka Gene ee aan Qasnayn
Isku-dhafka gene ee aan la dhaxlayn, laakiin halkii la heli lahaa sababo la xidhiidha arrimaha deegaanka sida qoraxda waxaa ka mid ah:
BRAF - Daraasado ayaa lagu ogaaday isbadel aan laga dhaxli karin ee kudhaca hidde-nuqulka BRAF ee u muuqda inuu yahay dhacdooyinka ugu caansan geedi-socodka oo keenaya melanoma; waxaa lagu arkay ilaa 66% melanoma malignantu. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay rajaynayaan in daroogooyinka mamnuucaya hiddaantan inay noqon karaan istiraatiijiyad daaweyn ah oo mustaqbalka ah.
P16 waa hidda hindhis gureen oo laga yaabo in aan caadi aheyn xaaladaha qaar aan melteraan ahayn. Isbeddellada hidda-socodka ee xukuma Ku70 iyo Ku80 protein ayaa waxyeeleyn kara geeddi-socodka hagaajinta xaddiga DNA-da.
EGF - Cilmi baadhayaashu waxay baranayaan isku-dhafanaanta hidda-wadaha kaas oo sameeynaya walax loo yaqaan 'factor growth epidermal factor' (EGF). EGF ayaa door ka ciyaara kobaca unugyada maqaarka iyo bogsashada boogta, waxaana laga yaabaa inay ku xisaabtanto xaalado badan oo aan lahayn dhaxalka melanoma.
Fasirta - Isku dhufashada gen ee nidaamiya borotiinada Fasalka, kuwaas oo ku lug leh geedi socodka dabiiciga ah ee is-burburinta unugga ee loo yaqaan 'apoptosis', ayaa sababi kara unugyada melanoma si ay u kordhiyaan xukunka.
Nidaamka molecular ee keena horumarinta bilowga iyo metastasis ee melanoma aan ahayn qoysku waa mid aad u adag oo kaliya ayaa la bilaabaa in la baaro. Qoraal ahaan, kumanaan cilmi baaris ah oo ku saabsan genetics melanoma ayaa la daabacay kaliya tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Horumarkaasi waxa uu rajeynayaa in uu keeno aqoonsiga imtixaannada saxda ah ee loo yaqaan 'diagnosis & prognosis of melanoma', iyo sidoo kale ujeedooyin daaweyn oo wax ku ool ah ee cudurkan ba'an.
Ilaha:
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Lin J, Hocker TL, Singh M, Tsao H. "Genetics of Melanoma Predisposition." Br J Dermatol 2008 159 (2): 286-9. 26 Febraayo 2009.
"Melanoma Familial." Mashruuca Khariidadda Mala. 27 Febraayo 2009.
Firoz EF, Warycha M, Zakrzewski J, iyo al. Ururka MDM2 SNP309, da'da bilawga ah, iyo jinsiga ah melan-macaan. Kiniin Cancer Res . 2009 Apr 1; 15 (7): 2573-80.
Shekar SN, Duffy DL, Youl P, et al. Daraasad Dadka Ku Saleysan ee Matilaalka Australiya leh ee Melanoma waxay soo jeedinayaan qayb ka mid ah Genetic Genetic Structure to Responsibility. J Invest Dermatol . 9 Abriil 2009.