Fiiri daawooyinka lidka-fayraska iyo cudurrada ay daweeyaan
Fayrasku waa dhirbaaxo gudaha ah kuwaas oo isugeynaya qalabka unugyada si loo soo saaro. Inta lagu jiro dhalashada, fayrusyada ayaa burburiya unugyada waxayna u sii gudbayaan unugyada kale.
Intii lagu jirey 1950kii, intii cilmi-baaris lagu sameeyo daaweynta suurtagalka ah ee kansarka, saynisyahannadu waxay soo heleen xeryahooda kiimikada oo xakameyn kara fayraska DNA-da. Intii lagu jiray 1980-yadii iyo 1990-yadii, ka dib markii HIV uu noqday dhibaato, daawooyinka lidka-fayrasku waxay la kulmeen kacdoon.
Maanta, daawooyinka lidka-fayraska waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo cuduro badan.
Si waxtar leh, daawooyinka fayruska waa in ay bartilmaameedsadaan fayraska fayruuska ama ka bixida ama fayraska ku xiran inta uu ku jiro gudaha unugyada. Daawooyinka fayruska waa in ay sidoo kale noqdaan kuwo gaar ah si aanay u sababin sunta sunta. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, daawooyinka fayruska waa in ay ahaadaan kuwo awood leh oo deggan.
Halkan waxaa ku qoran sharaxaad kooban oo ku saabsan qaar ka mid ah daawooyinka fayruska ee hadda jira.
Daawooyinka fayruska ee loo adeegsado in lagu daaweeyo fayraska herpes simplex virus (HSV) iyo fayruska varicella-zoster (VZV)
Saddexda daawo ee ugu muhiimsan ee loo isticmaalo in lagu daweeyo herpes simplex (herpes) iyo fayrasyada varicella zoster waa acyclovir, valacyclovir, iyo famciclovir. Fayraska jadeecada ee Varicella wuxuu sababaa infekshanka busbuska ka dib markii infekshinka ba'an iyo shingles (herpes zoster) ka dib infekshanka qaska ama dib u soo noqoshada.
Dhamaan 3 ka mid ah daawooyinkaas ayaa ah kuwo amaan ah waxayna leeyihiin qaabab isku mid ah oo ficil. Tusaale ahaan, dhammaantood waxay u shaqeeyaan iyada oo lagu xirayo fayraska DNA polymerase, enzymed oo loo isticmaalo in lagu soo celiyo fayraska DNA.
Qoraalka, sababta oo ah valacyclovir (Valtrex) iyo famciclovir waxay gaari karaan diirada sare ee dhiigga, kuwan 2 daawooyinkood ayaa wax ku ool ah ee daaweynta shingooyinka.
Daawooyinka loo isticmaalo daaweynta burooyinka xubnaha taranka (papillomavirus)
Dawooyinka loo isticmaalo daweynta burooyinka cawrada waxaa ka mid ah:
- Ribavirin oo sidoo kale loo isticmaalo in lagu daaweeyo fayruska neefsashada ee neefsashada (RSV) bronchiolitis ama pneumonia iyo (infakshan yar) influenza
- (Maaddada) imiquimod
Daawooyinka ka hortagga faafa ee loo isticmaalo in lagu daaweeyo hargabka (hargabka)
Hargabku waa sababta caadiga ah ee hargabka xilliga qaboobaha. Nasiib wanaag, waxaan leenahay tallaal kuwaas oo siinaya difaac xasaasiyadeed xilliyeedka. Waxaa muhiim ah in la qaato tallaalka ifilada sanadeed ee sanadlaha ah maxaa yeelay marmar hargabku wuxuu noqon karaa oof-wareen, mararka qaarkood oof-wareenku wuxuu dili karaa - gaar ahaan carruurta iyo dadka da'da ah.
Dawooyinka sida Tamiflu (oseltamivir) iyo zanamivir (Relenza) ayaa loo isticmaali karaa si looga hortago astaamaha hargabka isla markaana gaabisa dhererka jirrada. Marka lagu daro daroogooyinka loo isticmaalo ka hortagga cudurada hargabka ama cudurada, waxa kale oo jira daroogo la xariiro mishiinka fayrasta ka dib marka infekshanka hargabka ay ka mid yihiin amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir, iyo zanamivir,
Daawooyinka fayruska ka hortag ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo infakshannada cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Infekshanka Cytomegalovirus wuxuu caadi ahaan ku dhacaa dadka aadka u xanuunsan (u malaynaya in difaaca jirka ee tallaalka AIDS-ka ama xubinta taranka). Sida fayruska varicella-zoster, oo keena herpes zoster (shingles), badankeena ayaa maamula cytomegalovirus, laakiin fayruusku wuxuu dib-u-soocelin doonaa haddii aad nidaamka difaacu hoos u dhaco.
Kuwa horeyba u jirranaa, calaamadaha infakshanka cytomegalovirus wuxuu saameeyaa nidaamyada unugyada badan waxaana ka mid ah:
- retinitis
- hunguriga
- colitis
- maskaxda iyo xangulada laf-dhabarka (CNS)
- pneumonitis
Daawooyinka loo isticmaalo daaweynta infekshanka cytomegalovirus waxaa ka mid ah valganciclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet, iyo cidofovir. (Sababtoo ah bioavailability weyn, isticmaalka valganciclovir ayaa badiyaa bedelay ganciclovir.) Sida daawooyinka kale ee fayraska, daawooyinka antiviral ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo cytomegalovirus ee qayb ka mid ah xannibaadyada fayruska sida viral DNA iyo RNA polymerase.
Dawooyinka lidka-fayraska ee loo isticmaalo daaweynta cagaarshow
Daawooyinka kala duwan ee fayruska waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo cagaarshowga B iyo cagaarshow C. Daawooyinka intooda badani waxay si toos ah u saameynayaan taranka fayruska sida:
- nucleoside iyo analogs nucleotide
- protease xannibaadayaasha
- polymerase inhibitor ah
Interferon, laga yaabo inay tahay daroogada ugu caamsan ee la xidhiidha daaweynta infekshanka cagaarshow, waxay u shaqaysaa habab adag oo ka kooban falal liddi ku ah fayruska, immunomodulative, iyo ficillada ka hortagga.
Daawooyinka ka hortaga fayruska waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo HIV
Intii lagu jiray 30kii sano ee la soo dhaafey, waxaa jiray horumarin aad u fara badan oo lagu daaweynayey cudurka HIV, dad badan oo qaba cudurkan ayaa qaba AIDS-free. (AIDS-du waa nooc ka mid ah infekshanka HIV ee la ogaado ka dib marka heerka unugyada dhiigga ee dhiigga ee dhiiggu hoos u dhaco.
Waxaa jira dhowr nooc oo daawooyinka antiretroviral ah:
- protease xannibaadayaasha
- naqshadeeynta fiyuusyada
- nucleoside / nukleotide celinta transcriptase
- aan-nukleoside-celin-celin-celin-celis ah
- horjoogayaasha soo galaya
- Isdhexgalka HIV-ga ee isdhaafsiga xayawaanka (INSTIs)
Daroogooyinkaasi waxay diirada saaraan marxaladaha kala duwan ee wareega wareegga faayraska. Xasuusta, retroviruses waxay ku celisaa habka loo yaqaan 'transcription'.
Fadlan ogsoonow in liistadani aysan macnaheedu ahayn mid dhammaystiran, waxaana jira dhowr daawooyin kale oo lagu daaweeyo caabuqyada fayraska. Qoraal siman, hababka ficilku waa mid aad u adag marka loo eego halkan. Taa bedelkeeda, fadlan halkan ku qanacsan maqaalkani sida ugu muhiimsan mawduuca.
Ilaha la Xushay
Elston DM. Cutubka 231. Maandooriyeyaasha ka hortaga faafa. In: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K. eds. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology ee Daawada General, 8e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012. Lagu qabtay July 01, 2015.
Safrin S. Wakiilada Antiviral. In: Katzung BG, Trevor AJ. eds. Farmashiga Aasaasiga ah & Daaweynta, 13e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015 Helay July 01, 2015.