Waxaa inta badan la aqbalay in HIV-1 asal ahaan u dhalatay (ama isku dhafka) laba nooc oo ah fayruuska difaaca jirka (SIV) - oo ka yimid macmacaanka gaduudka cas iyo mid kale oo ka soo jeeda daanyeer la yiraahdo. Dhiirigelinta SIV ayaa la rumeeysan yahay inay qabeen cudurka troglodyte ee ku yaala Bartamaha Afrika, ka dibna waxaa loo gudbiyay bini-aadanka iyada oo loo marayo dhiig-dhiigga iyo / ama isticmaalka bambada.
Cudurada Zoonotic
Xanuunada Zoonotic - kuwa ka boodaya xayawaanka ilaa aadanaha - ma ahan dhacdo aan caadi aheyn, iyadoo la kordhinayo caddaynta hidde-wade ee soo-jeedinaysa in xitaa jadeecada, furuqa iyo gawracatada ay ka dhalan karto caabuqa noocyada kala duwan. Salmonellosis , infakshanka bakteeriyada ee horay ugu dhici karta xaalad AIDS-ka ah , waa tusaale wanaagsan, inta badan natiijada keenista hilibka, ukunta ama alaabada cayayaanka ah.
Cilmi-baaris cusub oo ka timid Jaamacadda Oxford ayaa soo gabagabeysay in "boodada" ay u badan tahay in ay ka dhacday Kinshasa, caasimadda Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Congo (DRC), oo ahayd 1920-meeyadii waxayna ahayd ilihii fayrasta faafa ee aan ognahay maanta.
Isku-duwidda Hiddaha ayaa xaqiijiyay Xarunta Juqraafiga
Si loo go'aamiyo tan, aqoonyahanadu waxay isbarbar dhigeen kala duwanaanta hidde-wade ee laga helay Congo Basin, oo ay ku jiraan DRC iyo Cameroon. Maxay ahaayeen awood ay ku ogaan lahaayeen, iyadoo la adeegsanayo hiddaha hidaha iyo xogta taariikhiga ah, dillaaca lagama bilaabin Cameroon sidii hore looga fikiray, laakiin waxay ahayd natiijada faafitaanka fayraska u dhexeeya Kinshasa iyo Cameroon oo ka dhalatay ganacsiga webiyada.
Baarayaashu waxay ugu dambeyntii xaqiijiyeen in fayruska laga helay Kinshasa uu muujiyay kala duwanaanshaha HIV-1 oo ka duwan meel kasta oo kale-ka dhalisey faafinta fayruska isdaba-marinta ee qof ilaa qof - iyo sidoo kale sida ugu caansan ee loo yaqaan cudurka HIV-1.
Laga soo bilaabo 1920-meeyadii ilaa 1950-meeyadii, magaalaynta degdegga ah iyo horumarinta jidadka tareenka ayaa Kinshasa ka dhigtay caasimad gaadiidka, taas oo u oggolaanaysa fiditaanka HIV-1 ee dalka oo dhan iyo ugu dambayntii ka dib Bariga iyo Koonfurta Afrika.
Xajinta hidaha ee xilligaan ayaa muujinaysa faafinta fayruska dhammaantiis oo DRC ah (waddan ku dhow qiyaasta reer galbeedka Yurub) sida dadku u safrayeen jidadka tareenka iyo agagaarka magaalooyinka Mbuji-Mayi iyo Lubumbashi ee koonfurta iyo Kisangani ee waqooyiga .
Intii u dhexeysay 1950 iyo 1960, isticmaalka irbadaha laysku duro ee aan la isticmaalin ee xarumaha cudurrada galmada la isugu gudbiyo iyo koritaanka ganacsiga galmada ganacsiga ayaa ka mid ah sababaha degdegga ah ee fiditaanka fayraska, gaar ahaan beelaha macdanta ah halkaasoo ay jirtay (oo sii socota ) shaqaale muhaajir ah oo sareeya.
Waqtiga 20-ka sano, nidaamka gaadiidka ee suurtageliya faafitaanka fayrasku wuu ka yaraa firfircoonaanta, laakiin waa arrin khatar ah. Bilowgii 1970-yadii, miraha maskaxdu waxay hore u ahaayeen kuwo si wanaagsan loo beeray, isla markaana si dhakhso ah u sii waday wadankooda Waqooyiga Ameerika iyo Yurub iyadoo ay ugu mahad celinayaan hawada sare iyo safarka badda.
Waxay ahayd ilaa 1981 in kiisaska ugu horreeya ee AIDS-ka lagu aqoonsaday Maraykanka, oo ay ku xigto kala-soocidda fayraska HIV-1 ee 1983-kii. Maantaba, sababtoo ah masiibo caalami ah, ku dhowaad 75 milyan oo infekshin ayaa dhacay, taasoo keentay in ka badan 30 milyan oo dhimasho ah. Ilaa 2016-ka, Barnaamijka Wadajirka ee Qaramada Midoobay ee HIV / AIDS-ka ayaa sheegay in in ka badan 36 milyan oo dad ah loo yaqaan in ay la nool yihiin cudurka adduunka.
Ilaha
Gao, F .; Bailes, E .; Chen, Y .; et al. "Asal ahaan HIV-1 oo ku jira shuban-biyoodka troglodytes troglodytes." Dabeecadda . Febraayo 4, 1999; 397 (6718): 385-386.
Bedford, M .; Ward, A .; Tatem, J .; Sousa, et al. "Hordhaca iyo xanuunka dabaysha ee HIV-1 ee dadka ku faafa." Sayniska . Oktoobar 3, 2014; 346 (6205): 56-61.
Barnaamijka Wadajirka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay ee HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Warbixinta Caalamiga ah - Warbixinta UNAIDS ee ku saabsan cudurka AIDS-ka ee caalamiga ah 2013." 2013; Geneva, Switzerland.
Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada (CDC). Pneumocystis Pneumonia - Los Angeles. " Maqnaanshaha iyo Murugada Waajibaadka Toddobaadka ah (MMWR) 1981; Atlanta, Georgia.
Barre-Sinoussi, F .; Chermann, J .; Rey, F .; et al. "Kalasoocinta T-lymphotropic retroviru s bukaanka oo halis ugu jira jiritaanka cudurka difaaca jirka (AIDS)." Sayniska. May 20, 1983, 220 (4599): 868-871.