Neutrophils waa nooca unugyada dhiigga cad (WBC ama granulocyte) oo naga ilaalinaysa infakshannada bakteeriyada ee hawlaha kale.
Qiyaastii boqolkiiba 40 ilaa 60 boqolkiiba unugyada dhiigga cad ayaa ah naastrofil. Unugyadaasi waa unugyada ugu horeeya ee yimaada goobta marka la kulmo caabuqyada bakteeriyada. Waxyeellada unugyada waxay keenaysaa sii deynta "chemokines" kaas oo soo jiidaya nutrophils goobta goobta nidaam lagu magacaabo kiimiko.
Neutrophils waxaa laga yaabaa inay si fiican u yaqaanaan kormeeraha joogtada ah ee qaybta koowaad ee malaxda.
Hawlaha
Neutrophils waxay sameeyaan qaybta ugu weyn ee unugyada dhiigga ee ay soo saaraan dhuuxa lafta. Waxay yihiin "jawaab celiyeyaasha ugu horreeya" ee ciyaaraya doorka khadka ugu horreeya ee difaaca ee ka hortagga jirrooyinka faafa ee soo galaya jidhkeena.
Neutrophils waxay wax ka qabtaan dadka ajnabiga ah ee "cunaya" geedi socodka loo yaqaan "phagocytosis", ama iyada oo la geliyo unugyada habka loo yaqaan endocytosis. Marka jiritaanka shisheeye uu ku dhex jiro neutrophil, waxaa lagu daaweeyaa "enzymes" kaas oo keenaya burburinta jiritaanka. Neutrophils ayaa sidoo kale gacan ka geysanaya nidaaminta jawaab-celinta difaaca guud ahaan.
Nimofilayaasha waxay leeyihiin nolol aad u gaaban, oo ku nool celcelis ahaan 8 saacadood, laakiin jirkeena wuxuu soo saaraa qiyaas ahaan 100 bilyan oo unugyadaas ah maalin kasta. Ka dib markii laga sii daayo lafaha lafaha, qiyaastii nuska unugyadaas ayaa ku jira marinka mindhicirka dhiiga iyo badhka kale waxaa laga helaa unugyada jirka.
Habdhiska iyo Qaabdhismeedka
Neutrophils waxaa si cad loogu arki karaa mareegta sida unugyada leh dabeecad 2 ilaa 5 ah oo ku yaala nudleus, iyo kaas oo dillaacaya casaan ama guduud leh dhuuno dhexdhexaad ah. Ereyga "PMN" ama "polymorphonuclear nuclear leukocyte" waxaa loola jeedaa natiijadan.
Neutrophils, Unugyada Dhiiga ee White, iyo Nidaamka Isku-xirka
Waxay noqon kartaa jahwareer haddii aad maqashid unugyada dhiigga cad iyo nukologiska.
Haddii neutrophils ay yihiin nooc kaliya oo ah unugyada dhiigga cad, sababta ay u yaqaanaan 'ochologists' waxay kala hadashaa tirakoobka unugyada dhiigga cad iyo tirakoobka neutrophil oo leh daaweynta kemotherabi ( chemotherapy-nutropenia )? Jawaab sahlan ayaa ah in heerkulka hooseeya ee nutrophils, gaar ahaan, ay noqon karto mid ugu khatarsan in qofku u horseedo infekshannada.
Dhammaan unugyada dhiigga (unugyada dhiiga cad, unugyada dhiigga cas, iyo tarataraha) ayaa lagu sameeyaa dhuuxa lafta - nudaha spongy ee aagga dhexe ee lafaha sida sinta. Dhaawaca lafaha, dhammaan unugyadaas waxay ka soo baxaan hal nooc oo unugyada loo yaqaanno stem cell-ka.
Unugyada asaasiga ah ayaa markaa ka dib kala duwanaanaya noocyada kala duwan ee unugyada habka loo yaqaan 'hematopoiesis' . Maadaama dhammaan unugyadaas ay ku bilaabmaan unug unugyada caadiga ah, nidaamyada waxyeellada dhuuxa lafta - sida kiimoterapia - waxay inta badan saameysaa dhamaan noocyada unugyada dhiigga. Tani waxaa loo yaqaannaa sida lafdhabarta lafta lidka u ah kiimiko .
Marka lagu daro unugyada dhiigga cas iyo qajaarka, waxaa jira dhowr nooc oo unugyada dhiiga cad. Unugyada dhiiga cad waxay ku kobcaan laba qaybood oo kala duwan. Unugyada unugyada unugyada unugyada qanjirada (stem cell) waxay horumarin karaan xitaa qatarta lenfoidka , taas oo keenta in dhidibada loo yaqaan T iyo B lymphocytes, ama line myeloid .
Unug ku jira khadka maariiqda waxay ku dhici kartaa neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, ama basophil.
Neutrophils bilaabaan sida myeloblasts, kuwaas oo ku bislaaday promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, kooxo, ka dibna ku qallafiyaan nutrophils.
Tirinta Neutrophil
Naadiga caadiga ah ee ANC ama tirakoobka neutrophil caadi ahaan waa inta u dhaxeysa 2500 iyo 7500 neutrophils per microliter.
Heerka nutrophils ee ka yar 2500 ayaa loo yaqaan 'neutropenia', inkastoo heerka hoos u dhacu uu muhiim yahay. ANC in ka yar 1000 ayaa ah mid aad u daran, waxaana si dhab ah u saari kara qof u bukoodo.
Warbixinta xisaabta dhiiggaaga waxay burburin kartaa neutrophils laba qaybood: nutrophils kala qaybsan ama qaan gaar ah, iyo kobcinta nutrophils loo yaqaano kooxo.
Dhibaatooyinka halista ah, dhuuxa lafta waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu sii daayo nutrophils badan (naasnuujiyaal qallafsan) taas oo keentay in tiro badan oo ka mid ah ururrada warbixintaada.
Xaaladaha Qiyaasta Tirada Nololeed ee aan caadi ahayn
Marka ay dhakhtarradu hubiyaan tiro dhiig ah oo buuxda (CBC) ama tirooyinka unugyada dhiigga cad (WBC) ayaa ah isbeddelka ugu caansan waa korodhka ama hoos u dhaca tirada la filayo nutrophils. Tijaabada nutrophils waa, sidaas darteed, qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah qiimeynta shaybaarka cudurka.
Sababaha Neutrophilia
Marka aad ka fekereyso shaqada nutrophils waxay fahmeysaa kororka tirada si fudud loo fahmo. Mashruucyada kordhin kara tirada unugyada dhiigga cad ayaa ka kooban:
- Reactive - Iyadoo la socoto neutrophilia reactive, waxaa jira kororka tirada nutrophils ee ka jawaabaya infekshinka ama walbahaarka. Walxaha adkaysiga jirka ee jirkeena waxay ka weyn tahay tirada caadiga ah ee unugyada kuwaas oo laga sii daayo lafaha lafaha.
- Isugeyn (kororka wax soo saarka lafaha lafaha) - Nolofilia farsameysan ee "Proliferative neutrophilia" ayaa loola jeedaa kororka tirada nutrophils sababtoo ah korodhka wax-soosaarkooda dhuuxa lafta. Tan waxaa badanaa lagu arkaa kansarrada, sida cudurka kansarka ee 'myelocytic leukemia'.
- Demoqoleysiga - Nutrophils inta badan "ku nool" ku lifaaqan marinka xididdada dhiigga. Nutrophils ayaa laga yaabaa inay noqoto "la nadiifiyo" waxayna ku wareegtaa dhiigga iyadoo sabab u ah cadaadiska, caabuqyada, iyo mararka qaarkood jimicsi.
Xaaladaha Taas oo Maxakameyn Karaya Nutrophilia
Qaar ka mid ah sababaha gaarka ah ee tirakoobka neutrophil (neutrophilia) waxaa ka mid ah:
- Infekshannada
- Cadaadiska
- Kansarka dhiigga ee la xiriira unugyada sida leukemia
- Dhibaatooyinka maadada 'autoimmune' sida rheumatoid arthritis
- Dhaawac iyo gubasho
- Sigaar cabid
- Uurka
- Thyroiditis
- Eclampsia
Neutrophils oo aan weli qabin dhiigga
Inta badan nutrophils ee dhiigaagu waa nutrophils caan ah. Nutrophils ayaa laga yaabaa in laga helo dhiig-smear haddii jidhka la cadaadiyo waxaana jira baahi weyn oo loogu talagalay nutrophils. Marka tani dhacdo, tirada sii kordheysa ee nutrophils aan qaangaarin ayaa ka dhigi kara dhiigga lafaha lafta ka hor inta aaney gaarin qaangaarka. Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu sheegi karaa in aad leedahay tiro badan oo ah kooxo - ama xitaa yaraanta neutrophils - oo ku saabsan tirada dhiiggaaga.
Si kale, wax soo saarka korodhka ah ee nutrofillada aan qaangaarka aheyn ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ku dhaco leukemias sida 'leukemia' boodhka ah ee 'promyelocytic leukemia' .
Sababaha Asaasiga ah
Tirada neutrophil waxaa laga yaabaa in la yareeyo oo keliya, ama bedelkeeda, la yareeyo noocyada kale ee unugyada dhiigga. Ereyga " pancytopenia" waxaa loola jeedaa hoos u dhaca dhammaan saddexda nooc ee unugyada waaweyn ee dhiiga; unugyada dhiigga cas (oo loo yaqaanno dhiig yari) taramiin (oo loo yaqaan 'thrombocytopenia') iyo unugyada dhiigga cad.
Mashquulinta keeni karta tirakoobka neutrophil ee hooseeya ayaa ku jiri kara
- Wax soo saarka lafaha oo yaraaday ama maqan - Tusaale ahaan, marka dhuuxa lafuhu uu ku dhaawacmo sida kemotherabi, ama faytamiin la'aan ayaa jirta taas oo keeneysa wax soo saar la'aanta.
- Marka dhuuxa lafdhabarta - Marka lafaha lafta "laga qaado" unugyada sida unugyada kansarka.
- Uma baahnid nutrophils badan - Tusaale ahaan, si loola dagaallamo infekshanka ama wax ka qabashada dhibaatada. Marka hore, infakshanka bakteeriyada badankood, tirakoobka neutrophil ayaa kordhay. Hase yeeshe, infakshannada khatarta ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, tirakoobka neutrophil ayaa laga yaabaa inay sababto habka difaaca jidhka.
- Inkastoo uu cudurku sii yaraanayo, hadana inta badan waxay keenaan tirooyinka neutrophil, infekshan culus, iyo sidoo kale infekshanka fayrasyada qaarkood iyo infakshanka ricketstsial waxay keeni karaan yaraanta noolaanshaha nutrophils iyo tira yar. Neutrophils ayaa sidoo kale laga yaabaa in ay la kulmaan burburinta difaaca sababo la xiriira difaaca jirka ee looga soo horjeedo naftiisa sida xaaladaha sida lupus.
- Burburinta nutrophils horey u soo saaray.
- Ciladda nukropeniya Cyclic.
Xaaladaha Cudurada Naas-nuujiya
Iyadoo loo eegayo qaababka kor ku xusan, tirinta nukofilku yaraatay waxay noqon kartaa:
- Chemotherapy
- Dhiig xinjirow
- Raadinta shucaac
- Myelodysplasia
- Kansarka dhiigga ku xidhan ee ku dhufta dhuuxa lafta sida leukemia
- Caabuqyada fayraska
- Caabuqyo culus (sepsis)
- Infakshannada Rikwadaha
- Qandhada dawada
- Hypersplenism
- Daawooyinka daroogada - tusaale ahaan, penicillin, ibuprofen, iyo phenytoin
- Hyperglycemia
- Faytamiin B12 yaraanta (megaloblastic dhiig-yarida) iyo yaraanta folic acid
- Kostmann's neutropenia (xaalad hidde ah oo saameeysa carruurta yaryar)
- Daawada 'idiosyncratic' (macnaheedu waa qofna ma garanayo xaqiiqda ah sababta tirooyinka neutrophil u hooseeyo)
Muhiimadda Tirada Nolosha Low
Culaysnimada tirakoobka hoose ee neutrophil waxay ku xiran tahay dhowr arrimood, gaar ahaan heerka heerka neutropenia. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad ogtahay sheekooyinka "carruurta xayawaanka ah" - carruurta ku dhalata nidaam difaaca oo aad u adag, laakiin waxaa jira heerar badan oo u dhexeeya.
Tirada neutrophil ee hooseeya waa mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka daran ee daaweynta kiimiko . Marka unugyadaasi ay xaddidan yihiin lambar ama shaqo ama labadaba, jidhkeenu ma awoodo inuu la dagaallamo infekshannada, xitaa bakteeriyaasha caadiga ah ma keenaan infekshan halis ah.
Tusaalooyinka: Olivia tirakoobka neutrophil waxay hoos u dhacday kadib markii daaweynta kemotherabi ay daaweynteeda, sidaa daraadeed iyada dhakhtarkeeda ayaa kugula taliyay in ay bilowdo antibiyootiko si looga hortago caabuq.
> Isha
> Amulic, B., Cazalet, C., Haye, G. et al. Waxqabadka neutrophil: Laga soo bilaabo Mechanisms to Disease. Dib-u-eegista Sanadka ee Immunology . 2012. 30: 459-489.
> Machadka Qaranka ee Caafimaadka. MedLine Plus. Difaaca Dhiiga. La sii daayo 02/07/18. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003657.htm