Waa Maxay Talaalka Qaaxada iyo Taasoo Khatar U Noqon Karaan Markaad Kansarka Haysato?
Waa maxay tallaaladu waa inaad heshaa, iyo taas oo aad ka fogaanayso, markaad la noolaato kansarka? Haddii aad u maleyneyso in muddo ah, way sahlan tahay. Miyaad ka qatar badan tahay tallaalka ama infekshanka tallaalku ka hortagi karo? Maxaad sameyneysaa haddii aad cudurka ku soo gaadhay? Miyaad khatar ugu jirtaa haddii ilmahaagu ama ilmahaagu ay qaataan tallaalkeeda? Nasiib wanaag waxaan haynaa macluumaad wanaagsan si go'aannadaas loo gaarsiiyo xanuun yar.
Waxaa jira daroogooyinka qaarkood inaad iska ilaaliso. Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah kuwa aad loogu taliyey. Iyo, kuwa daaweynaya kansarka, waxaa jira wakhti ka fiican iyo wakhti ka sii xun taas oo lagu heli karo tallaaladaas lagu taliyey. Aynu eegno wakhtiga ugu wanaagsan ee tallaalada iyo sidoo kale jawaabaha su'aalaha aan weydiinnay.
Talaalada noocan ah ee looga hortago
Khatarta ah in hooyadey ay u eg tahay hooyo, aynu ka bilowno inagoo ka hadlaya talaaladaas oo noqon kara halis. Waxaa jira tallaalo qaarkood oo aanad marnaba helin inta lagu jiro daweynta kansarka - ugu yaraan daaweyn daweynta kemotherabi, ama markaad qaadato tallaal kale.
Si aad u fahantid tan waxay ka caawineysaa inaad ka hadasho 2 nooc oo tallaalo ah, iyo sida tallaalku u shaqeeyo. Tallaalka waxaa muhiim u ah inuu jidhku ku "hilib" u garto inuu arko cudur-sidaha cudur-sidaha, marka marka fayrasku ama bakteeriyadu dhab ahaantii soo baxaan, waxaad leedahay ciidan diyaar u ah oo diyaar u ah inay la dagaallamaan. Waxay qaadan kartaa wakhti ku filan jawaabta difaaca jidhka haddii jirkaaga uusan horey u arag xubin, sidaas awgeed ujeedada tallaaladu waa inuu kudajiyaa jidhkaaga si degdeg ah weerarada degdega ah ee cuduradan.
Waxaa jira 2 siyaabood oo tallaalku u soo bandhigi karaan jirkaaga si wax u eg oo u eg cudurka.
- Bakteeriya ku nool, laakiin la daciifiyay ama fayrasku
- Bakteeriyadii la dilay ama fayruska
Tallaallada Live
Tallaallada joogtada ah waxay ka kooban yihiin fayrus daciif ah (jeermiska) ama bakteeriya. Sababta loo isticmaalo tallaalka nool waa in uu jirka u sii fiicnaado - waa mid dabiiciga ah-haddii aad waligaa la kulantay wakiilka dhabta ah ee infakshan, tallaalkuna caadi ahaan wuxuu soconayaa noloshiisa.
Haddii tirada unugyada cad ee dhiiggaaga ay hoos u dhacaan sababtoo ah kiimiko ( kemotherabi-nutropenia ) ama nidaamka difaaca jirka ayaa si kale u cadaadiya daaweynta kansarka, fayrasyada nool, iyada oo aan loo eegin sida loo "looqaaday" aan fiicnayn. Tallaalka fayruska nool waa in laga fogaadaa inta lagu jiro daaweynta kansarka waxayna ku jiraan:
- Flumist (tallaalka hargabka sanbabada) - cirbadda hargabku waa fayras la diley ka dibna laga wada hadlo
- Dabaysha afka - cirbadeynta waa sheeko ka duwan
- MMR - Jadeeco / Mumps / Rubella (Jadeecada Jarmalka)
- Vavivax (tallaalka hablo-baasta)
- Zostivax (tallaalka shingles)
- RotaTeq iyo Rotarix (tallaalka rotavirus)
- BCG (tallaalka qaaxada)
- Tallaalka qandhada ee qandhada
- Tifaftirka afka - waxaa jira talaal fayras oo la dilay
- Adenovirus
- Furuqa
La Xiriir Qofka Qaaday Tallaalka noolaanshaha - Waxaa jiray walaac badan oo ku saabsan in dadka daaweynaya kansarku ay halis ugu jiraan inay soo gaadhaan, iyagoo dhahay, awoowe ayaa lagu tallaalay tallaalka fayraska nool. Naqshadu waa in fayruska dillaaca by qofka qaataha tallaalka uu halis keeni karo. Marka laga reebo cudurka dabaysha iyo furuqa (tallaalada oo la yiraahdo marar dhif ah) taas oo noqon karta mid khatar ah, tani ma aysan caddeyn inay tahay dhibaato weyn, iyada oo keliya 5 xaaladood oo dokumenti ah oo isdaba-marin ah iyada oo la tuurayo 55 milyan oo dose.
Waa muhiim inaad la hadasho dhakhtarkaaga kansarka ku saabsan wixii tallaabooyin taxadir ah oo aad qaadato haddii dadka aad jeceshahay ay helaan tallaal nool.
Tallaalka la dilay
Inkastoo aysan bixin karin halista infakshanka, tallaal kale oo aan ahayn hargab (mararka qaarkood oof-wareen) ayaa badanaa laga ilaaliyaa inta lagu jiro daawaynta kansarka, ugu yaraan Maraykanka. Dareenka badanaa waa badanaa in tallaalku uusan ka fiicneyn khatar kasta oo ay keeni karto dhajin Tallaallada qeybtaani waxaa ka mid ah:
- Talaalka hargabka ee la tallaalay
- Pneumovax iyo Prevnar ("pneumonia")
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis)
- Hib
- Qoorgooyaha
- Dareemo
- Daacuunka
- Cirbadeynta cirridka
- Cudurka encephalitis
- Japanese encephalitis
Hargabka Flu
Inaad ku sii socoto daaweynta kansarka waxaa laga yaabaa inaad ka walaacsan tahay helista tallaal markaad haysato unug dhiig oo cad oo hooseeya, laakiin mar kale ka fikir. Tirada soosocda midabka hoose ee hooseeya waxay kaa dhigi kartaa in aad u sii badato infakshanka halista ah ama nafta halis geliya ee jirada tallaalka loogu talagalay in looga hortago. Dadka intooda ugu badan waxay qaadan karaan duritaanka hargabka inta lagu jiro daweynta kansarka, inkastoo ay jiraan waqtiyo ugu wanaagsan oo laga yaabo in foomamka ugu fiican ee hoos ku qoran. Haddii aad ku socoto daaweynta kansarka waxaa sidoo kale muhiim ah in la ogaado waxa la sameeyo haddii aad la kulanto hargabka, iyo waxa la sameeyo haddii aad yeelato astaamo.
Maskaxda ku hay in hargabka, badanaa waa infekshinka labaad - kuwa soo ifbaxaya ka dib markii ay jirran yihiin hargabka - kuwaas oo keena dhibaatooyinka ugu badan. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in 2015 ee Maraykanka oo keliya ku dhawaad 200,000 oo qof ayaa la dhigay isbitaal iyada oo qaba infekshinka ka bilaabmay hargabka. Ma garan karno in dadka qaba kansarku ay u nugul yihiin sidii loo horumarin lahaa hargabka, laakiin waxaan ognahay in heerka dhimashada bukaanka qaba ee hargabku uu sarreeyo.
Tallaalka hargabka waxaa la siin karaa hal foom ka badan. 4 talaal oo hadda la heli karo si looga hortago hargabka waxaa ka mid ah:
- Flumist - Sida kor ku xusan, tallaalka infalawansada hargabku waa in laga fogaadaa inta lagu jiro daaweynta kansarka sababta oo ah waa fayruus aan nooleyn oo nool.
- Talaalka caadiga ah ee hargabka
- Tallaalka ifilada ifilada
- Dheecaan Dheer ah
Talaalka hargabka ee intradermal, oo la siiyay maqaarka yar yar ee irbadda yar, ayaa la ansixiyey sannadkii 2011 dadka qaangaarka ah ee da'doodu u dhaxayso 18 ilaa 64 jir. Tan iyo markii loogu talagalay dadka caafimaadka qaba, maaha inay noqoto xulashada ugu fiican ee dadka qaba kansarka . Iyadoo lagu saleynayo daraasadaha ilaa taariikhda, daaweynta ugu fiican waxay noqon kartaa tallaalka infalawansada sare ee tallaalka kaas oo caadi ahaan lagu taliyey dadka waayeelka ah ee leh nidaam difaaca oo aan shaqeynin iyo sidoo kale dadka yaryar. Daraasadaha, waxaa la ogaaday in sicirka serokonversion-tallaalka uu kiciyay sameynta unugyada difaaca jirka - waxay ku fiicnaadeen tallaalka qiyaasta tallaalka, laakiin sicir-bararka-talaalka ka difaaca dadka jiran-wuxuu la mid ahaa sida tallaalka hargabka caadiga ah. Maadaama ay tani tahay aag firfircoon oo cilmi baaris ah, waa muhiim inaad la hadasho dhakhtarkaaga wixii talooyin ah waqtigan.
Waqtiga xaddiga Flu Shot
Way adag tahay in laga wada hadlo waqtiga ugu wanaagsan ee tallaalka hargabka ee la xidhiidha daaweynta kansarka maaddaama qof kastaa uu ka duwan yahay oo uu jiro doorsoomayaal badan. Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga kansarka ku saabsan waxa adiga kuu fiican. Waxaa badanaa lagula taliyaa in tallaaladan la siiyo waqti marka dhiiggaaga la tiriyo la filayo in ay ugu sarreeyaan, tani way kala duwanaan kartaa iyadoo ku xiran dawooyinka kemotherabi ee gaarka ah iyo habka aad qaadatid.
Sida kor ku xusan, waxaa jira 2 doorsoomayaal oo muhiim u ah in ay tixgeliyaan. Mid ka mid ah halista ah inuu dareemo xanuun jirro leh. Midka kale waa marka habka difaaca jirkaagu aanu si habboon u shaqeynin, tallaalku wuxuu noqon karaa mid wax ku ool ah abuurista difaac.
Dadka loogu talagalay steroids (keligood iyo saameynaha daaweynta kemotherabi), waxaa laga yaabaa in ay halis dheeraad ah uga jiraan tallaalka hargabka, iyo malaha wax faa'iido ah. Daraasadaha qaarkood waxay ogaadeen in bukaanada lagu daweeyo qaar ka mid ah daawooyinka kansarka-tusaale ahaan, rituximab, oo ah qaab daaweyneed oo la beegsaday - kama jawaabin tallaalka hargabka.
Dadka qaba xubin xubin ka ah unugyada xubinta taranka ama lafo-beelka lafaha, waxaa lagu talinayaa in ay sugaan ugu yaraan 6 bilood kahor intaan la helin tallaalka hargabka, iyo mararka qaar xaaladaha shakhsiyeed.
Cudurka ama Calaamadaha Flu
Haddii lagugu arko qof qaba hargab, ama haddii aad yeelato astaamaha hargabka , wac isla markiiba dhakhtarkaaga dawada. Waxaa jira daawooyin la heli karo oo laga yaabo inay gacan ka geystaan yareynta darnaanta ifilada, laakiin waxay u baahan yihiin in la bilaabo sida ugu dhakhsaha badan si ay u noqdaan kuwa wax ku ool ah. Maskaxda ku hay in haddii aad qaadatay talaalka hargabka caadi ahaan wuxuu qaataa ugu yaraan 2 toddobaad kahor intaanay waxtar u yeelanaynin ka hortagga hargabka. Xanuunka hargabku ma aha oo kaliya halis haddii nidaamka difaaca jirka ee lagaga hortago daaweyn, hase yeeshee jirro hargabka ayaa sidoo kale keeni karta dib u dhac ku yimaada daaweyntaada.
Pneumonia Shot
Pneumonia waa lambarka koowaad ee tallaalka looga hortagi karo tallaalka Mareykanka, iyo mid ka mid ah 10ka ugu sarreeya ee dhimashada. Ku dar in ficil-celinta difaaca oo hoos udhaceysa daaweynta kansarka, iyo ka hortagga cudurkan waa mudnaan sare.
Waxaa jira 2 tallaal oo loo heli karo oof-wareen:
- PPSV23 - Waxaa loogu talagalay dadka qaangaarka ah ee da'doodu tahay 65 iyo ka weyn
- Prevnar -PCV13 - Waxaa loogu talagalay carruurta ka hor da'da 2 jirka.
Sida laga soo xigtay CDC, dadka qaba kansarka guud ahaan ee aan helin tallaalka PCV13 waa in la siiyo tallaalka PCV13, oo ay raacaan qiyaasaha tallaalka ee tallaalka PPSV23. (La hadal dhakhtarkaaga.)
Haddii aad heshay tallaalka PPSV23 laakiin ma aha tallaalka PCV13 waa inaad heshaa tallaalka PCV13, oo ay ku xigto qiyaasaha kale ee lagu taliyey ee PPSV23.
Waqtiga loo yaqaan 'Pneumonia'
Walaaca, sida tallaalka hargabku waa wakhtiga, maadaama tallaalka uusan waxtar u lahayn dadka ku dhex mara kemotherabi. Sida laga soo xigtay ilo hal mar ah, wakhti ku habboon waa laba toddobaad ka hor intaan la bilaabin kemotherabi, iyo haddii kale saddex bilood ka dib marka la dhamaystiro daaweynta, laakiin tani way kala duwanaan kartaa iyadoo ku xiran hadba daaweynta kansarka gaarka ah ee aad qaadan doonto. Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga waqtiga ugu fiican si aad u hesho talaaladan.
Talaalada kale
Xaaladaha khaaska ah, waxaad u baahan kartaa inaad tixgeliso mid ka mid ah tallaalada kale ee la dilay sida tallaalka cirbadaha. Haddii tani dhacdo, kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga wixii ku saabsan khatarta iyo dheefaha iyo weliba waqtiga ugu fiican ee daaweyntaada.
Taxaddir Cudurrada Cudurka ah
Ka hortagga infakshanka waa cabasho inta lagu jiro daaweynta kansarka, waana muhiim inaad xasuusnaato in ay jiraan infekshanno badan oo aanan haysanin tallaal. Nasiib wanaag qaadashada taxaddar yar ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhigi kara khatartaada. Iska hubi 10 talooyinkan si looga hortago caabuqyada .
Cudurrada Lagu Helay iyo MRSA
Markaad ku sii socoto daaweynta kansarka, waxaa kale oo ay kaa caawineysaa inaad ka warqabto caabuqyada isbitaal-qaaday . Fiiri talooyinkan si looga hortago caabuqyada isbitaal-qaaday ee laga qaado si looga fogaado in mid ka mid ah 1.7 milyan oo Maraykan ah oo ay saameeyeen infekshannadan sanad kasta. Haddii aad xoqdid madaxaaga oo la yaabi waayo sababta laguu weydiiyey daraasad qado ah haddii aad qabto MRSA, ka ogow waxa cudurka MRSA dhab ahaantii yahay .
> Ilo:
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> Toleman, M., Herbert, K., McCarthy, N., iyo D. Church. Tallaalka bukaan-socodka-kiimikada - saameynta hirgelinta tilmaamaha. Daryeelka Taageerada ee Kansarka . 2015 Nov 26. (Epub ka hor daabac).
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