Bishii Maarso 2011, shil ka dhacay Fukushima Daiichi Power Factory Nuclear-ka Fukushima, Japan, oo ay sababtay sunami-wakhti dambe oo soo-saara warshad-shidaal lagu sii daayay shucaac iyo soo-gaadhsiinta qalabka shucaac ee Japan iyo degaannada hoose warshadda nukliyeerka.
Shilalka nukliyeerka nukliyeerka sida mid ka mid ah Fukushima iyo shilalka Chernobyl ee 1986 ayaa sababay sii deynta shucaaca iodine-131.
Soo-gaadhista shucaaca iodine-131 waa cilad khatar ah oo la xiriirta kansarka tayroodh , iyo khatarta ugu weyn ayaa ah haddii ilmuhu soo gaadho dhallaan, caruur iyo dhallinyaro. Ma jirtaa walaac, hadday sidaas tahay, maxaa la samayn karaa?
Cilmi baarista
Cudurka qaaxada ee ilma-galeenka ee qanjirka 'thyroid-ka' waxaa loo arkay in laga bilaabo qiyaastii shan sano ka dib shilkii Chernobyl . Cudurku wuxuu ku badan yahay meelaha sida Belarus, oo ku jiray waddada Chernobyl ee nukliyeerka nukliyeerka, laakiin dadkeedii waxaa lagu daaweynayey daaweynta potassium iodide. (Meelaha qaar ka mid ah meelaha Chernobyl, sida Poland, waxay heleen kiniiniyada potassium iodide ka hortag ah , taas oo ka ilaalisa tayroodhka in ay soo nuugto iodine radioactive haddii la qaado saacadaha kahor iyo ka dib.
Marka la eego waayo-aragnimada Chernobyl iyo walaaca dadweynaha ee Japan, Fujushima Health Management Survey waxaa la bilaabay July 2011-kii si loo qiimeeyo khatarta shucaac soo saarka dadka.
Baaritaanku wuxuu ku lug lahaa baadhitaan ultrasound-ka ah ee dadweynaha ku wareegsan Fukushima oo isku dayey in la ogaado kansarka qanjirka 'thyroid'.
Cilmi-baarayaasha Japan waxay isku dayayeen in ay xaqiijiyaan in ay jirto xiriir la xaqiijiyay oo u dhexeeya shilalka Fukushima iyo wax kasta oo sii kordhaaya heerarka kansarka thyroid ee dadka Fukushima.
Natiijooyinka hore waxay ahaayeen kuwo cilmi baarayaal ah, kuwaasoo ogaaday in kala badh maaddooyinka la baaray ay leeyihiin tirakoobyo badan oo laga yaabo inay hadda kansar noqdaan ama noqdaan kansar mustaqbalka. Mid ka mid ah qiimeynta cudurrada faafa ee la soo sheegay 2015-ka ayaa sheegay in heerka qanjirka thyroid ee carruurta Fukushima ay ka badnaayeen 600 milyan oo doolar, marka heerka la filayo uu ahaa 1 illaa 3 xaaladood halkii milyan.
Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi-baarayaasha, si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo ay jirto xaalad sii kordhaysa ee ku dhici karta kansarka thyroid-ka, waa wax aad u yar marka loo eego kororka weyn ee ka dhashay Chernobyl. Tani waxay keentay in cilmi-baadhayaashu ay ku soo gabagaboobaan in "qiyaasta qaadashada dadka Fukushima deggan ay aad uga hooseeyaan kuwa shilalka Chernobyl, mana jirto caddayn xoogan oo lagu taageerayo xidhiidhka keena kansarka tayroodh ee leh shucaac shucaac ah oo Fukushima ah ilaa hadda.
Kansarka Qanjidhka Dheerka ah, ama Fukushima Boogaado Fiican oo Fukushima ah?
Qaar ka mid ah cilmi-baarayaasha Japan ayaa tilmaamaya in ultrasound- ta horumarsan ee loo isticmaalo baaritaanka Fukushima uu awood u leeyahay inuu ogaado qanjidhada ugu yar yar ee la yiraahdo microcarcinomas - iyo in qiyaasihii hore ee tirakoobyada nodules ay ka yimaadeen baaritaan aan xasaasi ahayn.
Waxay ku doodayaan in nodules badan - iyo ugu dambeyntii, kansarka qanjidhka-badani-si macquul ah ayaa loo ogaan doonaa kuwa u soo baxa carruurtooda Fukushima's falloutima.
Laakiin waxay ku doodayaan in kororka qiyaasta kansarka thyroid ay dhab ahaantii tahay natiijada baaritaanka xasaasiga ah ee ballaadhan ee Fukushima, ka hor korodhka heerka qanjirka thyroid ee ka dhalata shilalka nukliyeerka. Waxay soo jeedinayaan in kansarka qanjidh-ka badan laga heli doono sababta oo ah cilmi-baarayaasha iyo dadka Fukushima ayaa raadinaya, oo isticmaalaya qalab baaritaan oo xasaasi ah si ay u helaan.
Mawduucani waa muraayad la mid ah sida Maraykanka, halkaas oo korodhka qiyaasta kansarka thyroid loo isticmaalo qalab badan oo lagu ogaan karo helitaanka microcarcinomas, ma ahan kobaca dhabta ah ee dhacdooyinka kansarka qanjidhka.
Marka la eego natiijooyinka Fukushima, Peter Kopp, MD, tifaftiraha wargeyska Thyroid iyo Professor of Medicine, Qeybta Endocrinology, Metabolism, iyo Daawada Mammogaraadka, ee Jaamacadda Waqooyi-Galbeed ee Chicago, waxay sidan u sheegtay:
Daraasad taxaddar leh oo ku saabsan shilalka nukliyeerka ee Chernobyl iyo Fukushima oo ku saabsan arrimaha caafimaadka iyo arrimaha bulshada ayaa weli ah mid aad u macquul ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ma jirto caddayn cad oo ah in shilka Fukushima uu sababay dhacdad sii kordhay ee kansarka thyroid, taasoo ka soo horjeedda kormeerka ka dib shilalka Chernobyl. Xaalad aad u sarreysa oo ka mid ah malawadka qanjirka 'thyroid' ayaa lagu ogaadey baaritaanka Fukushima ee dadweynaha ayaa cadeeynaaya caqabadaha la xiriira barnaamijyada baaritaanka.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, wax kasta oo ka mid ah gabagabada ayaa noqon doona mid goor hore ah, iyo ilaalinta joogtada ah ee Fukushima ee dadweynaha, iyo sidoo kale astaamo faahfaahsan ee isbeddelista hidde iyo cudurada kansarka tayroodh ee la ogaaday, ayaa weli muhiim ah.
Ereyga
Inkasta oo cilmi-baarayaasha Japan aysan lahayn wax horumar ah oo ku kaca heerarka kansarka thyroid-ka ee tooska loogu dhufto shucaaca Fukushima, waxay sidoo kale muujinayaan in cilmi-baaris dheeraad ah loo baahan yahay si loo ogaado xaaladda sii socota.
Ugu dambeyntii, baaritaannada dheeraadka ah ee epidemiyoolka ayaa gacan ka geysan doona in la go'aamiyo in soo-gaadhista shucaaca iodine-131 ee Fukushima ka dib uu ahaa mid heer sare ku filan inuu keeno kororka muuqda ee kansarka tayroodhka - sida dhacdey ka dib markii Chernobyl-ama haddii kororka uu yahay uun halbeeg baaritaanka kansarka qanjirada oo aad u adag, oo baahsan, oo xasaasi ah.
> Ilo:
> Guddiga Caalamiga ah ee Ilaalinta Radiological 2009 Codsiga Talooyinka Guddiga ee Ilaalinta Dadka Xaaladaha Xaaladaha Degdega ah. Qoraalka ICRP 109. Ann. ICRP 39. 2009.
> Guddiga Cilmi-baarista ee Qaramada Midoobay ee Saamaynta Raadinta Atomiga. "Ilaha iyo saameynta shucaaca ionizing." UNSCEAR 2008 Warbixinta Golaha Guud ee la soco lifaaqyada sayniska. Tilmaamaha II, Cilmiga Farsamada D: Dhibaatooyinka caafimaad ee ay sababaan shucaac ka yimaada shilalka Chernobyl. Qaramada Midoobay, New York, NY. 2011.
> Yamashita S, Thomas G (eds). Kansarka Qanjidhka iyo Cudurrada Nukliyeerka: Kala-marmarka dheer ee Chernobyl iyo Fukushima. Tifaftirka Waxbarashada, Elsevier, Inc., Cambridge, MA. 2017.
> Yamashita, S et. al. "Lessons from Fukushima: Soo-helitaankii ugu dambeeyay ee Kansarka Qanjidhka ka Dib Shilalka Shukulaatiga Fukushima Shidaalka" Thyroid. Volume 28, Number 1, 2017 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089 / Your.2017.0283