Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, Chernobyl wali waxay ku xiran tahay saameynta caafimaadka qaaxada iyo kuwa kale
Abriil 26-keedii, 1986-kii 1-dii subaxnimo, waxyaabaha Chernobyl, oo ah magaalo yar oo ku taala baadiyaha Sowka, ayaa aad u qaldan. Maanta magaca "Chernobyl" waa dhagax, oo hal eray ah oo macnihiisu yahay "musiibo nukliyeer" ah dadka aduunka oo idil. Chernobyl, dhab ahaantii, shilkii ugu xumaa ee taariikhda nukliyeerka. Inkasta oo bishii March ee 2011-kii shilkii fukushima loo geystay loo maleynayo inuu yahay "halis" sida Chernobyl oo ka tirsan saraakiisha nukliyeerka, waxa loo maleynayaa in shaacinta shidaalka ee Japan ay aad uga yar tahay Chernobyl, iyo foosha ay saameyn ku yeelatay gobollada kale.
Hase yeeshee, waxay noqon kartaa sannado badan ka hor inta aan ogaanno haddii Chernobyl uu sii wadi doono in uu hayo khilaafka udhaxeeya inuu yahay musiibada ugu xun dunida.
Xaalad waliba, Chernobyl waxay daneynaysaa in ay ku takhasusaan thyroid practitioners iyo bukaanada, sababtoo ah mid ka mid ah raadiye-joojiyeyaasha ayaa la sii daayay shilalka nukliyeerka nukliyeerka - oo ay ku jirto musiibada Chernobyl - waa iodine 131, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano iodine radioactive, ama radioyodine.
Iodine 131 wuxuu leeyahay nus nus nololeed, taas oo micnaheedu yahay kala badhkii kala badana siddeed maalmood kasta. Waqtigan xaadirka ah ee aadka u dheer (markaad barbardhigto raadiyeyaasha qaarkood, oo leh nus nus-daqiiqo ama daqiiqado) macnaheedu waa in iodine raadiyaha si dhaqso ah u geli karto cuntada bani'aadamnimada by wasakheynta dhirta, xayawaanka, iyo biyaha, iyo sidoo kale ka hor qadarin badan oo ah shucaac iyo sheyga shucaaca. Marka la soo gaabiyo, iodine radioactive waxay ku xiran tahay qanjidhada thyroid, halkaasoo shucaaca keeni karo burburinta qanjirada, ama u shaqeyneysa sidii wakhti dheer oo loogu talagalay horumarinta kansarka thyroid iyo dhibaatooyinka kale ee tayroodh.
Carruurta yaryar iyo kuwa uurjiifka ah, oo yeeshay qanjidhada tayroodhka ee koritaanka, ayaa ah kuwa ugu nugul ee soo-gaadhista shucaaca iodine, iyo saameynta saamaynta ay sidoo kale u muuqdaan inay si dhakhso ah u muujiyaan carruurta marka loo eego dadka waaweyn. Carruurtu sidoo kale waa macaamiisha ugu muhiimsan ee caanaha, iyo marka lo'du cunaan cawska ciyaalka leh ee ciyaalka leh, iodine ayaa si xoog leh u caanaha, caanaha ayaa isticmaalaya marin kale oo muhiim ah oo la xidhiidha shucaaca iodine.
Waxaa muhiim ah in dib loo eego taariikhda ka dambeysa dhibaatada Chernobyl, iyo saameynta caafimaad ee dhibaatada, ma aha oo kaliya caafimaadka thyroid, laakiin saameynaha kale ee caafimaadka.
Qaar ka mid ah Juqraafiga Chernobyl iyo Taariikhda Siyaasadeed
Magaaladda yaryar ee Chernobyl waxay ku taalaa gobolka - oo loo yaqaan 'Degmadu' - degmada Kiev ee Ukraine. Sanadkii 1986, Ukraine waxay ahayd dowlad ka mid ah waxa weli ahaa Midowga Soofiyeeti. Chernobyl waxay ku taallaa 110 mayl dhinaca Kiev, 22 mayl dhinaca xuduuda Ukraine iyo gobolka Gomel ee dalka Belarus, iyo meel u dhow magaalada Bryansk ee Ruushka. Gobolka Chernobyl wuxuu ahaa badi degaan ay ku nool yihiin beeraley yar yar.
Warshadda nukliyeerka, oo asal ahaan ka dhistay qeyb ka mid ah barnaamijka hubka nukliyeerka ee Midawga Soofiyeeti, wuxuu ku yaallaa laba mayl ka baxsan qaybta ugu weyn ee magaalada Chernobyl. Warshadku wuxuu ku yaalaa isgoysyada labada webi, Pripyat iyo Uzh, oo u dhow hudheelka Kiev, kaas oo bixiyay biyo badan oo biyo qabow ah. Waqti ka dib, geedka waxaa loo beddelay isticmaalka sida xarun korontada rayidka ah.
Siyaasadda rasmiga ah ee Soofiyeedku waxay ahayd in la yareeyo faafinta macluumaadka ama ka doodista dhibaatooyinka la xidhiidha dhismaha, dayactirka, iyo habka socodsiinta ee dhirta nukliyeerka. Hadda waxaan ognahay in arrintani ay sabab u tahay fekerkan ciriiriga ah, oo dhan oo ka mid ahaa kuwii hore ee Soofiyeeti, waxaa jiray tababaro yar, mashiinno musiibo ah iyo diyaargarow loogu talagalay xaaladaha degdegga ah ee nukliyarka, Chernobyl ma jirin wax laga reebay.
Midawga Soofiyeeti wuxuu sidoo kale ku shaqeeyaa nidaam siyaasadeed oo ka tagay Moscow isagoo awood weyn ku leh Jamhuuriyada iyo gobollada kala duwan, sidaas darteed gobolka Chernobyl, oo qayb ka ah Ukraine, waxay ku hoos jirtay xukunka siyaasadeed ee go'aamiyayaal kumanaan mitir u jirta magaalada Moscow.
Dhibaatada nukliyeerka ka dhacday Chernobyl, ma aha oo kaliya shaqaalihii dhirta iyo degenayaasha degaanka oo aan u baahnayn inay si habboon uga jawaabaan shilalka nukliyeerka, laakiin jawaabta ayaa la joojiyay, iyada oo saraakiisha maxalliga ah ay sugayeen jihada ka socota magaalada Moscow. Waxaa lagu soo waramey in xitaa shucaaca ka soo baxaya maqaarka ciladeysan, caruurta waxaa loo direy iskuulka, arooska dibadda ayaa la qabtey, cayaar kubbadda cagta ah, iyo dadka maxalliga ah ayaa tagay kalluumeysiga barkadaha qaboojiyaha ee warshadaha nukliyeerka.
Sida laga soo xigtay warbixinta Qaramada Midoobay (1), dhab ahaantii waxay ahayd laba maalmood oo buuxa - ka dib markii hal fal celiyaal horey loo afuufay, iyo kan labaadna wuxuu dabka ka kacay - ka hor intii aan Moscow loo aqoonsan "wax" ka dhacay Chernobyl, baaxadda masiibada.
Maxaa ku dhacay Chernobyl?
Hay'adda Tamarta Caalamiga ah ee Atomic Energy ayaa sharraxday waxa dhacay inay keento musiibo nukliyeeriya Chernobyl. Iyadoo la sheegey, inkasta oo ay shaqaaluhu sameeyeen tijaabo ah Reactor Four, koronto xoog leh ayaa ku dhuftey warshad Chernobyl, taasoo keentay qarax iyo dab, kaas oo sii daayay shukumaan ballaaran oo shucaac ah jawiga. Naqshadaynta farsamayaasha Chernobyl waxaa loo tixgeliyey in la daboolay, ayna jirin qaab dhismeed xayiraad ah si looga ilaaliyo aagga ku hareereysan shucaac soo daatay. Qaraxii Reactor ee afaraad ayaa la sii daayay in ka badan 100 waxyaabood oo kala duwan oo shucaac raadraac ah.
Laba shaqaale oo ka shaqeeya warshadda ayaa isla markiiba lagu dilay. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah jawaabeyaasha ugu horreeya ayaa la sheegay inay dhinteen isla markii ay ka jawaabeen shilka, iyo inta badan saddexdii bilood ee qaraxa hore. Duuliyaal diyaarad helicopter ah oo ka shaqeynayay goobaha maalmaha hore ayaa waxaa loo duuliyay Moscow si loogu daaweeyo maalmo iyo toddobaadyo si looga caawiyo inay shil galaan.
Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay, qiyaastii 49,000 oo qof oo deg deg ah oo deg deg ah ayaa laga daadgureeyay aagga, laakiin waxaa loo sheegay in ay ku barokacayaan laba ama saddex maalmood.
Toddobaadyada soo socda, qaraxyo badan ayaa ka dhacay, laakiin khatarta gobolka ayaa la diiday ama la yareeyay. Saraakiisha Soofiyadu xitaa ma aqoonsan qaar ka mid ah qaraxyada soo socda ee geedka, waxayna xaqiijinayeen dadweynaha in xaaladda ay gebi ahaanba xasilisay iyo in heerarka shucaac ee aagga uu caadi ahaa.
Bishii Maajo 1986, bil ka dib markii ay musiibadu dhacday, in ka badan 116,000 oo qof oo ku nool agagaarka aaga 18-mile ayaa la dejiyey. Sannadaha soo socda, tirada dadka ugu dambeyntii ku barokacay ayaa lagu qiyaasay in ay ahayd qiyaastii 230,000, sida laga soo xigtay Guddiga Nukleerka Nukleerka Maraykanka.
Hadda waxaan ognahay in aag juqraafi ah oo ballaaran oo dhab ah ay dhab ahaantii soo gaadhay shucaaca ka soo Chernobyl.
Warbixintii 2006 oo ka timid GreenPeace oo lagu magacaabo The Chernobyl Disasters : Cawaaqibta Caafimaadka Aadanaha , guddi caalami ah oo aqoonyahanno ah, khabiiro badan oo khibrad u leh beerahooda iyo kuwo kale oo cilmi-baarayaal muddo dheer socotay kuwaas oo kormeerayay Chernobyl tan iyo 1986-kii, ayaa ka faallooday:
Munaasabaddaani dhabta ah ee caalamiga ah waxay saameyn weyn ku yeelatay saddexda waddan ee hore ee jamhuuriyada qabaa'ilka ah, kuwaas oo hadda ah dalal madax bannaan oo ka socda Ukraine, Belarus, iyo Russia. Saameyntu, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay si ballaaran u sii ballaadhiyeen. In ka badan kala badh ka mid ah saliidda -137 oo ka soo baxday qaraxa ayaa lagu qaaday jawiga dalalka kale ee yurub. Ugu yaraan afar iyo toban dal oo kale oo Yurub ah (Austria, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Slovenia, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Talyaaniga, Bulgaariya, Jamhuuriyada Moldova iyo Giriiga) ayaa ku sumeeyay heerarka shucaaca ka sareeya xadka loo isticmaalo qeexidda meelaha sida "wasakhaysan." Hase yeeshee, tiro yar oo ka mid ah raajada xambaarsan ee shilalka Chernobyl ayaa lagu ogaaday dhammaan qaarada Yurub, iskandaneefiyaanka ilaa bariga, iyo Asia. (2)
Dib u soo noqoshada Chernobyl lafteeda, kooxaha waxa loo yeeray "dareemayaasha" ayaa loo keenay si ay uga caawiyaan xakamaynta shucaaca, ka saara burburka, iyo ugu dambeyntii, si ay uga caawiso dhisidda qaab dhismo adag oo la yiraahdo "sarcophagus" - si loo xiro reactor. Koox ka kooban 250,000 oo shaqaalaha dhismaha ah, kuwaas oo dhamaantood la sheegay in ay soo bandhigeen, dhowr bilood, illaa heerka xaddiga shucaaca, ayaa ka qaybqaatay waxa loo tixgelinayo mashruuca injineerka ugu weyn taariikhda, iyo dhammaadkii 1986, waxay kufaraxeen Reer Chernobyl oo ku jira faasin-qoriga.
Saameynta Caafimaadka ee Chernobyl
Meeqa qof ayaa dhibaato ka soo gaartay Chernobyl? Dhab ahaantii way adag tahay in la qiyaaso xaddiga dhaawaca caafimaadka dadka iyo deegaanka. Macluumaadku way kala duwanyihiin, iyada oo ku xidhan haddii ay ka timaaddo xukuumadda Soofiyeeti xilliga shilalka, dawladaha hadda, hay'adaha caalamiga ah, ama kooxo madax banaan.
Sida lagu sheegay warbixinta Qaramada Midoobay:
Dhibaatooyinka ka yimaada Chernobyl, 35 qof ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in ay "xaalad halis ah", lixna dhinteen. Tirada ayaa kor u kacday 31kii xagaaga ee 1986, halkaas oo ay joogeen. Dhibaatada ugu badan ee rasmiga ah ee tooska ah ee Chernobyl ee rasmiga ah ee aan rasmiga ahayn ee Chernobyl ayaa lagu daray liiskan: dhimashadoodii waxa loo aaneeyey sababo kale. (3)
Guddiga Nukleerka Nukleerka Maraykanka ayaa sheegay in daraasaadka ay muujinayaan dadka deggan gobalka aysan helin qiyaasaha shucaaca si aad ah uga sarreeya sida caadiga ah, iyo in aan la ogaanin heerka kansarku korodhay. Waxay soo sheegeen in carruurta kaliya ay muujiyeen kororka kansarka tayroodh - 4,000 oo kiis oo dheeraad ah oo gaar ah - iyo 99% kiisaskaas ayaa la "bogsaday." (4)
Xisaabaadka rasmiga ah ee labadaba way muuqdaan. Warbixin ka soo baxday Guddiga Cilmi-baarista ee QM ee ku saabsan Saamaynta Raadinta Atomic (UNSCEAR), oo sheegay in 2005-kii, in ka badan 6,000 oo muwaadiniin Ruush, Yukreeniyaan iyo Belarussian ah lagu arkay kansarka tayroodhka (5)
Si kastaba ha noqotee, baahida loo qabo in laga saaro qanjidhka ilmaha ee qanjirka 'sababa' sababtoo ah kansarka waxaa loo arki karaa "daawo" macnaha ereyga. Carruurta Chernobyl waxay joogeen, waxayna sii wadi doonaan in ay kufadiyaan arrimaha caafimaadka sababtoo ah dhakhtarkooda "daaweynta" inta lagu jiro noloshooda oo dhan, khubarada qaarna waxay aaminsan yihiin in saameynta hidda-socodku ay sii socon karto jiilka xiga. Jaamacadda Harvard, ayaa cilmibaaris lagu daabacay Xaaladaha Caafimaadka Deegaanka waxay eegeen dhacdooyinka kansarka tayroodhka ah ee ka yimaada shucaaca iodine 131, in ka badan 12,000 oo reer Ukraan ah oo ka weyn 18 sano kuwaas oo soo gaaray shucaaca xilligii Chernobyl. Dadka ayaa la baaray ilaa afar jeer intii u dhexeysay 1998 iyo 2008, cilmi-baarayaashuna waxay arkeen waxyaabahan soo socda:
- Waxaa jirey halis dheeraad ah ee kansarka tayroodh 20 sano ka dib markii la soo sheegay. Halistu waxay ahayd mid aan loo baahnayn dhammaan kooxaha oo waxay u muuqatay in ay ku tiirsan tahay masaafada juqraafiyeed ee xilliga soo-gaadhista.
- Khatarta sii kordhaysa ee kansarka tayroodhka ah, celcelis ahaan, celcelis ahaan, 1.91 jeer ka sarreeya shucaac kasta oo dheeraad ah. (Cawl wuxuu u dhigmaa nuugista hal joule oo ka mid ah shucaaca ionizing halkii hal kilo oo ah unug).
- Ma jirto caddayn muujinaysa in tani ay kor u kacday khatarta kansarka ee dadka ku nool degaanka wakhtiga shilku uu hoos u dhacayo.
Warbixinta ayaa sidoo kale sheegtay, "Daraasado hore oo bini'aadamiin ah oo ka badbaaday qarax ayaa muujiyay in xitaa 30 sano ka dib shucaacii bilawga ahaa, korodhka halista kansarku uu jiro oo aan si weyn hoos u dhicin illaa xiga arrintan." (6)
Sannadkii 1989, Time Magazine waxay sheeko ku saabsan hirgelinta joogtada ah ee Chernobyl, gaar ahaan marka la eego carruurta ku hadhay degaanka, waxayna soo gaareen shucaaca mudo dheer. Sheekadu waxay ka soo xigatay siyaabo kala duwan oo siyaasiyiin iyo saynisyahanno, kuwaas oo ku eedeeyay xukuumadda Soofiyeeti in ay hoos u dhigaan heerarka soo-gaadhista - waxay aaminsan yihiin in ay dhab ahaantii 20 jeer ka badan tahay markii la soo sheegey - iyo sidoo kale jadwalka daadguraynta kuwa ku jira jidka tooska ah ee rukunka.
Sarkaal ayaa yiri, "daadgureynta carruurta waxaa la dhammeeyey Juun 7-deeda. Wax yar baa la yaabay in ay jiraan carruur badan oo jiran oo ku jira degmadeena, gaar ahaan kuwa qaba hyperplasia ee qanjirka thyroidka." Sheekadu waxay sii waday in ay ogaato in arrintaan iyo xaaladaha kale ee shucaaca la xidhiidha shucaaca, sida leukemia, ayaa la sheegay in loo soo gudbiyey sidii xaalado aan caddaalad lahayn. (7)
Dadka u doodaya GreenPeace waxay leeyihiin aragti yar oo rajo-xumo leh. Warbixintii 2006-dii Chernobyl Catastropto , waxay ku faahfaahiyeen xaddiga ballaaran ee burburinta, taas oo muujinaysa in warbixinnada rasmiga ah ay sheegayaan in ku dhawaad 4,000 oo qof oo ka badan celcelis ahaan ay u dhinteen Belarus, Ukraine iyo Ruushka tan iyo markii uu shilku dhacay, khabiiro ku lug leh warbixinta warbixinta GreenPeace ugu yaraan 200,000 oo dhimasho ah oo ka baxsan heerka caadiga ah ee dadka isku midka ah.
Warbixinta GreenPeace ayaa sidoo kale tilmaamay in:
- Waxaa ka mid ah dejiyeyaasha Belarussian - dadka nagu caawiyay nadiifinta shilka - wacyigelinta kalyaha, kaadiheysta iyo kansarka qanjirka 'thyroid' ayaa dhammaantood aad uga sarreeyey muddadii u dhaxaysay 1993 ilaa 2003 iyaga oo ka soo horjeeda koox tixraac ah oo la mid ah. Leukemia waxay si aad ah uga sareeysey dareerayaasha ka soo jeeda Ukraine, dadka qaangaarka ah ee Belarus iyo carruurta ku nool meelaha ugu faddareysan ee Russia iyo Ukraine.
- Ka mid ah dareerayaasha guud, qaar ka mid ah 88% waxay muujiyeen caddaynta isbedelada koromosoomka ee unugyada dhiiga cad.
- Laga soo bilaabo 1995-kii, qiyaasta kansarrada caloosha, sambabada, naaska, malawadka, gumaarka, qanjirka thyroid, dhuuxa lafta iyo nidaamka dhuuxa ayaa sidoo kale lagu ogaadey aagga koonfur galbeed ee gobolka. Gobolka Tula, qiyaasta sare ee kansarka lafaha iyo kansarrada habka dhexe ee dareenka ayaa lagu ogaan karaa carruurta inta lagu jiro muddadii u dhaxaysay 1990-1994.
- Waxaa jiray faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo la xidhiidha nidaamyada neefsashada ee qalabka shucaaca oo lagu sii daayo foomka gaaska inta lagu jiro shilka Chernobyl. Tirakoobka tirakoobka ee Wasaaradda Caafimaadka ee Uk waxay caddeeyeen kor u kaca bronchitis iyo emphysema oo qiyaastii 300 qof 10,000 oo qof sanadkii 1990 ilaa 500 oo qofkiiba 10,000 dadka waaweyn iyo kuwa qaangaarka ah 2004. Isla muddadaas oo kale jiritaanka neefta neefta ayaa ku dhowaad labanlaabantay, oo gaadhay 55.4 kiiskiiba 10,000 dadweynaha.
- Intii u dhexeysay 1988 iyo 1999, horay loo gooyey cudurkeenaha wadnaha iyo cudurada wadnaha ayaa noqday 10 ilaa iyo 15 jeer in badan oo ka mid ah daadadka 18-mile ee ku xeeran Chernobyl, iyo kuwa ku nool goobaha shucaac-nadiifka, marka la barbardhigo dadweynaha guud.
- Cudurka qanjidhka 'endocrine', cudurrada nafaqada, cudurada dheef-shiid kiimikaad, iyo cudurrada difaaca jirka waxay ka badnaayeen laba jeer oo ka mid ah daadguraynta meelaha 18-mile iyo kuwa ku jiray dhulalka la sumoobay, marka la barbardhigo dadweynaha Belarussian oo dhan.
- Goobaha Chernobyl ee ay saameysay ee Ruushka, waxaa jiray shan laab isku-celinta difaaca oo hoos u dhacay. Gaar ahaan, tiro yar oo unugyada dhiigga cad ayaa la arkay, oo ay weheliso dhaqdhaqaaqa hoos u dhaca T-lymphocytes iyo unugyada dilaaga, iyo dhacdooyin ka sarreeya cudurada sida trombocytopenia iyo dhiig-yarida.
- Daraasad ay sameeyeen dhowr qof oo reer Yukreeniyaan ah ka hor iyo ka dib shilkii Chernobyl ayaa muujiyay lix laab laabashada inta jeer ee isbeddelka isbedelka koromosoomka shucaacu ku dhaco, taas oo sidoo kale u muuqata in loo qaado carruurtooda. Cudurrada Chromosomal oo loo malaynayo in loo aaneyn karo Chernobyl ayaa laga diiwaangeliyey meelo fog sida Austria, Jarmalka iyo Norway.
- Xitaa heerarka hooseeya ee shucaacu wuxuu u horseedi karaa heer waxoogaa ah oo waxyeello u geysata nidaamyada habdhiska dareenka dhexe iyo kan dhexe. Way adag tahay in la qiimeeyo xaddiga buuxa ee dhaawaca neerfaha ee ka yimaada shucaaca Chernobyl, laakiin dareerayaasha ka soo jeeda Ruushka, ayaa sheegay in cudurrada niyoolajiyadeed ee loo yaqaan 'second post-Chernobyl'. Xanuunada maskaxda iyo cudurrada maskaxda ee dadka qaangaarka ah ee goobaha shimbiraha ee fayowrka ee Belarus ayaa sidoo kale aad uga badan kuwa ka soo jeeda degaannada aan ba'anayn (31.2% marka la barbardhigo 18.0%).
Greenpeace ma ahan kooxda kaliya ee ka welwelsan saameynta caafimaadka Chernobyl.
In maqaal lagu daabacay Jariidada ku saabsan Xayawaanka Caafimaadka Deegaanka, saynisyahanno ka soo jeeda Moscow ayaa soo bandhigay caddaymo muujinaya in sii-deynta nukliyarka lagu qiyaasay ilaa 26 jeer in ka badan kuwa la sheegay. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi-baarayaasha Moscow, kaliya 10 ilaa 15% walxaha shucaac raadraaca ayaa dhab ahaantii ka tegay si loo xakameeyo qaab-dhismeedka dhirta-la midka ah ee ku dhuftey waxyeellada waxyeellada leh, oo ka soo horjeeda 90% oo ay hay'adaha soo wariyeen. Waxay ku soo gabagaboobeen in heerarka shucaacu ay ahaayeen, sidaas darteed, aad ayey uga weyn yihiin kuwa kale ee aqoonyahannada ah.
Inkasta oo Hay'adda Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) ay ku qiyaastay heerka heerarka shucaac ee dadka ku nool gobollada deriska ah, macluumaadka tooska ah ee bayoolojigu waxay ka hor imaanayaan tirooyinka WHO, oo muujinaya in heerka qallafsanaanta iyo xasilloonida koromosomosku uu ahaa 10 illaa 100 jeer ka badan intii la filayay, sii-deyn ballaaran oo ka dhan ah raajo-baxa intii loo waramay.
Sidoo kale, heerarka sare ee dhimashada iyo ciladaha dhalmada ee dhalaanka ayaa lagu arkay Germany, Poland, Central Europe, Turkiga iyo Midowga Soomaliya hore wax yar ka dib qaraxa Chernobyl.
Ka baxsan meelaha deg dega ah ee Belarus, Ukraine, iyo Ruushka, foosha ka soo Chernobyl lahaa saameyn. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi-baarayaasha, in ka badan 40% Europe ayaa lagu nadiifiyay fashilaadda Chernobyl, iyo saameynta caafimaad ee ka timaadda isbeddellada koromosoomka ku dhaca cilladaha ku dhaca caanaha iyo kansarka tayroodhka ayaa laga diiwaangeliyey wadamada Norway ka yimid Turkiga.
- Galbeedka iyo koonfurta, laga bilaabo Jarmalka ilaa Croatia ilaa Bulgaria iyo Turkiga, ayaa kordhay ciladaha dhalashada markay dhalatay lagu diiwaangeliyey carruurta horey u soo gaadhay dhalashada. Tani waxaa ka mid ah Down syndrome, oo caadi ahaan ku dhacda qiyaastii 1 ee 1,000 dhalmo, laakiin waxay sare u kacday galbeedka Yurub iyo Scandinavia. Kororka tirada badan ee tirakoobka ayaa ahaa mid u muuqda Janaayo 1987, taas oo u dhiganta carruurta uuraysan inta lagu jiro xilliga ugu sareeya ee Chernobyl (Sperling et 1994b). Carruurta ku dhasha bariga Romania inta u dhaxaysa 1-da July, 1986 iyo Diisambar 31, 1987 waxay sidoo kale aad ugu dhowdahay inay la kulmaan laliska carruurnimada caruurta marka loo eego kuwa ka hor ama ka dibba.
- Qeybta bari ee Awstaria toddobaadyadii ka dambeeyay shilka, khudaarta sida isbinaajka iyo soodhaha saladhka looma oggola in lagu iibiyo dadweynaha. Caanaha, gaar ahaan caanaha gobollada alpine, ayaa ku sumoobay muddo ka badan hal sano. Gobollada aan roobab lahayn, gaar ahaan qaybta bariga ee Austria, xooga yaraanta iodine ee hawada ayaa sare u kacday intii lagu jiray hal ama laba maalmood oo marxaladdii raadiyaha shucaacu soo dhaaftay. Dhakhaatiirta gobolladani waxay sheegeen in tirada dadka qaba cudurka thyroid-ka ay kor u kacday 1990-kii.
- Qiyaastii 3,000 oo kaamil ah ayaa ka yimid Armenia; siddeed carruur ah oo raggaas ah ayaa la baray waxaana lagu ogaaday in ay guud ahaan caafimaad xumo leeyihiin, xaaladaha xanuunka oo ay ku jiraan pyelonephritis secondary, dhibaatooyinka caloosha, xayawaanka, qallal-celinta qallalka iyo suuxdinta. Kaliya 15 carruur ah (27.3%) ayaa lagu qeexay inay "caafimaad qabaan."
- Jamhuuriyadda Czech waxay heshay hoos u dhac ku yimid heerarka sare ee wasakhaysan. baadhitaan kansar ah oo tiradoodu dhan tahay 247 milyan oo qof ayaa la ogaaday in u dhexeeya 1976 iyo 1990, kansarka qanjirka 'upside' uu kor u kacay 2% sanadkiiba. Si kastaba ha noqotee, laga bilaabo 1990kii, kororka ayaa kor u kacay kor u kacay 2% sannadkiiba.
- Kansarka qanjirka 'Thyroid' ayaa si aad ah u sarreeyey waqooyiga England, iyadoo qiyaas ahaan aad u sarreeya oo ku yaala Cumbria, aagagga ay heleen inta ugu badan shilalka.
Poland waxay qaadday talaabooyin wax ku ool ah si ay u ilaaliyaan dadkeeda. Dad badan ayaan ogayn in Chernobyl uu ahaa dhul ka mid ah dalka Poland mudo boqol sano ah. Maanta, jawaabta Booliska ee Chernobyl ayaa loo arkaa inay tahay qaabka loogu talagalay jawaabta caafimaadka ee guuleysta, ee firfircoon ee shilalka nukliyeerka. Kadib shilkii Chernobyl, Poland waxay kiniiniyada potassium iodide u qaybisay malaayiin muwaadiniinteeda. Kiniinnadani waxay u sharraxeen qanjidhada thyroid ee iodine, ka hortagista nuugista shucaaca raadiyaha leh ee dadka Polishka ka dib shilalka Chernobyl. Cilmi-baareyaasha iyo cudurrada faafa waxay aaminsan yihiin inay taasi ka caawisay sidii looga hortagi lahaa kororka kansarka tayroodhka sida kuwa lagu arko meelaha deriska ah ee ku xeeran Chernobyl.
Chernobyl: Ma Dhacdaa Qodobada?
Inta badan waxa aan ognahay maanta oo ku saabsan sida loo ilaaliyo dadweynaha marka ay dhacdo shil nukleer ah ayaa ka yimid kharashka kuwa ku noolaa Chernobyl. Waan ognahay sida loo qaabeeyo loona dhiso reerejiyeyaashu ay u badan tahay inay ku jiraan shucaaca wadarta guud ee miisaanka.
Marka laga eego aragtida caafimaadka tayroodhka, waxaan sidoo kale fikrad ka qabnaa waxa laga filayo - Kansarka qanjidh-ka ee tirakoobka ayaa kor u kacay kuwa aan ka hortagin potassium iodide iyo sidoo kale kuwa cabbay caano faddaraysan ay soo gaartay.
Isla mar ahaantaana, sida dhakhaatiirta iyo cilmi-baarayaasha ku lug leh warbixinta GreenPeace ee "Chernobyl Catastrophe" ayaa hoosta ka xariiqay: "Marka laga eego fahamka guud ee saameynta shilalka ballaaran ee nukliyeerka caafimaadka bini'aadamka, waxay u egtahay in aan yareyno intii aan ka horeynay qarax ka dhacay Chernobyl 20 sano ka hor. "
Taasi waxay ka muuqatay ka dib markii ay dhacday dhulgariirka March 2011 iyo Japan, taas oo kicisay dabaylo fukushima nuclear reactor. Dhibaatada Japan ayaa timid wax yar 25 sano ka dib maalintii Chernobyl. Hase yeeshe, qarnigii afaraad ee khibrad badan oo la xidhiidha awoodda nukliyeerka, ee waddanka ku tiirsan awoodda nukliyeerka, Japan ayaa muujisay is-gaarsiinta iyo maamulida arimaha, khilaafka iyo inta badan qorshayaasha daadguraynta, oo ay la kulmaan gaabis la'aanta potassium iodide gobolada muhiimka ah. Dhanka kale, adduunka oo dhan, waxaa jiray faham la'aan ku saabsan waxa potassium iodide karo - oo aan ku sameyn karin - xaalad deg deg ah; waxaa jirey kaydinta iyo kor u qaadidda potassium iodide oo ka baxsan Japan, khatarta suurtagalka ah ee badda, iyo walwal badan oo sii wado in la xaliyo. ma cadda in qaar badan oo ka mid ah casharrada ugu qiimaha badan Chernobyl dhab ahaantii la barto.
Qoraalada
(1) Jaamacadda Qaramada Midoobey "Waddada Waaweyn ee Dib-u-Soo-kabashada: Jawaabaha Bulshada ee Musiibooyinka Shaqada" ayaa waxaa qoray James Mitchell © 1996
(2) http://www.greenpeace.to/publications/Chernobyl_Health_Report.pdf
(3) http://unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le0h.htm
(4) http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/chernobyl-bg.html
(5) http://www.endocrineweb.com/news/thyroid-cancer/4780-un-releases-report-chernobyl-survivors-thyroid-cancer
(6) http://content.hks.harvard.edu/journalistsresource/pa/society/health/thyroid-cancers-in-ukraine-related-to-the-chevobyl-accident/
(7) http://www.time.com/time/daily/chernobyl/891113.coverup.html
(8) http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2011/s3175469.htm
(9) http://www.greenpeace.to/publications/Chernobyl_Health_Report.pdf)
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867971
Tixraacyada
- http://www.naturalnews.com/031793_hyperthyroidism_radiation.html
- http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/svc-grp-further-info.pag?mode=open&sid=94934299
- http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/544071
- http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/features/chernobyl-15/thyroid.shtml
- http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/features/chernobyl-15/cherno-faq.shtml
- http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/chernobyl/faqs.shtml
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16881739
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16966081
- http://content.hks.harvard.edu/journalistsresource/pa/society/health/thyroid-cancers-in-ukraine-related-to-the-chevobyl-accident/
- http://www.endocrineweb.com/news/thyroid-cancer/4780-un-releases-report-chernobyl-survivors-thyroid -cancer
- http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/articles/chernobyl.html
- http://unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le0j.htm
- http://unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le0h.htm
- http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/chernobyl-bg.html
- http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2011/s3175469.htm
- http://inthesenewtimes.com/2011/04/02/the-chernobyl-nuclear-catastrophe-unacknowledged-health-detriment/
- http://abcnewsradioonline.com/health-news/higher-cancer-risk-continues-after-chernobyl.html
- http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs303/en/index.html
- http://www.greenpeace.to/publications/Chernobyl_Health_Report.pdf
- http://culture.polishsite.us/articles/art410fr.htm
- http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/739180
- http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtPrint/WSIHW000/24479/36146/1394299.html?d=dmtContent&hide=t&k=baze
- http://www.healthvermont.gov/enviro/rad/KI_fact.aspx
Cilmi-baaraha / qoraa Lisa Moretti ayaa ku biiray qodobkan.