Yaa halis dheeraad ah leh?
Isu gudbinta iyo helitaanka HIV ee ka yimaada galmada siilka waa ay ku badan tahay xaaladaha galmada-yar-yar, haweenka iyo raga. Inkasta oo khatarta ay ku sii badan tahay dumarka sababtoo ah jilicsanaanta bayoloji (oo ay ku jirto tiro badan oo ah unugyada mucosal ah ee jebin kara HIV), ragga ayaa sidoo kale halis ugu jira wax kasta oo ka yimaada cudurrada galmada la isku qaadsiiyo (STDs) illaa gudniinka ku darista khatartaas.
Khatarta Gudbinta Haweenka
HIV-ga waxaa laga heli karaa dhiigga, shahwada, dheecaanka ka hor ("pre-cum"), ama dheecaanka siilka ee qof qaba fayraska. Dareeraha xubinta taranka ayaa jeexi karta oo u oggolaan karta HIV in uu galo jirka, iyo sidoo kale iyada oo loo marayo nuugista HIV iyada oo loo marayo xuubka xuubka ee xiniinyaha siilka iyo ilma-galeenka.
Marka uu HIV ku dhaco unugyadaas, infakshanka ku-meel-gaadhka ah waxaa lagu weeraray unugyada difaaca jirka ee ugu horreeya, oo ay ku jiraan maaddooyinka makrophage iyo dendritic. Hawlgallada unugyadaasi waxay keenayaan jawaab celin ka timid nidaamka difaaca jirka ee unugyada difaaca ee gaarka ah, oo ay ku jiraan CD4 iyo CD8 T-unugyada , ayaa lagu dhiirrigeliyay dagaalka. Dhab ahaan, waa unugyada CD4 ee HIV-ga ay doorbidayso cudurka. Haddii ay tani dhacdo, difaaca koowaad ee awood uma leh inay ku jiraan dadka soo galootiga ah ee HIV-ga, soo-gaadhista waxay noqotaa wax ka badan soo-gaadhista. Wuxuu noqonayaa caabuq.
Khatarta Gudbinta Ragga
Iyadoo loo eego ragga waa halis yar oo HIV ah marka loo eego asxaabtiisa galmada haweeneyda, HIV wuxuu geli karaa iyada oo loo mariyo kaadida (furitaanka caarada guska) ama iyada oo loo marayo yar yar ama nabaro furan oo ku yaal guska.
Waxaa intaa dheer, ragga aan gudneyn waxay u badanyihiin in ay HIV-ga u nugul yihiin dadka ragga la guday . Dadka bakteeriyada ah ee ku jira buuryada qarkood waxay ku fiicnaan kartaa jawiga qoyan. Nidaamka difaaca ayaa si dabiici ah uga jawaabaya kicinta difaac difaaca jirka si loo ilaaliyo caabuq.
Mar labaad, si khalad ah, unugyada CD4 waxaa loo wici karaa khadadka difaaca ee hore, oo samaynta dhammaan isdaba-marinta.
Cudurada galmada la isugu gudbiyo
Cudurada la isugu gudbiyo galmoodka waxay u shaqeeyaan si ka badan sidii hore. Marka laga reebo nabaro furan oo furan oo fududeyn kara waddo sahlan ee dhiigga (sida STDs sida waraabowga ama herpes simplex ), infakshannada kale waxay keenaan jawaab celin difaac ah, oo si weyn u kordhinaysa suurtogalnimada HIV-ga ama soo iibsiga si ka weyn wixii laga yaabo inay dhacaan haddii aysan jirin hab HIV .
Ka hortagga gudbinta HIV
Haddii aad dooratid in aad sameysid galmo siilka, isticmaal cinjirka cinjirka ah si loo ilaaliyo adiga iyo lammaanahaada halista HIV iyo STD-yada kale. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in cinjirrada cinjirka ah ay aad ugu shaqeeyaan marka si sax ah loo isticmaalo. Haddii lammaanuhu uu xasaasiyad ku leeyahay cinjirka, caagga (polyurethane) ee caaga ah lab ama dhedig ayaa loo isticmaali karaa. (Iska ilaali salbatiinka lambskin ee aan ka difaacin HIV iyo STDs).
Intaa waxaa dheer, wada-hawlgalayaashu si weyn ayey u yareyn karaan HIV iyagoo laba darajo xeeladaha looga hortagi karo:
- Qofka lamaanaha qaba HIV, lab ama dheddig, waa in lagu dhajiyaa daweynta antiretroviral si uu u gaaro xakamaynta buuxda ee fayruuska si loo ogaado heerka aan la ogaan karin . Haddii tan la gaadho, halista isu gudbinta lamaanaha aan la daboolin wuxuu hoos u dhigi karaa ilaa 90%. Wax badan ka baro daaweynta HIV sidii looga hortagi lahaa (Tasp) .
- Qof kasta oo qaba HIV-ga, lab ama dheddig, wuxuu dooran karaa inuu qaado HIV (PrEP), kaniiniga kiniiniga maalinlaha ah kaas oo yarayn kara khatarta HIV-ga laga helo meel kasta oo ka mid ah 70-90%. Baro waxyaabo badan oo ku saabsan sida loo isticmaalo Ka-Hor U-Hor U-Bixinta (Practure Prevylaxis) (PrEP) .
Ilaha:
Liu, C .; Gaajo, B .; Tobian, A ;; et al. "Gudniinka haweenku wuxuu si aad ah u yareynayaa ka hortagga iyo xajinta bakteeriyada xubinta taranka." mBio. Febraayo 15, 2013; 4 (2): e00076-13.
Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada Maraykanka (CDC). "Calaamadaha muhiimka ah: Ka Hortagga HIV-ga Daryeelka iyo Daawooyinka t - Maraykanka." Xuruufta iyo Mortality Reporting Weekly (MMWR). Diisambar 2, 2011; 60 (47): 1618-1623.
Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada Maraykanka (CDC). "Hanuunin ku-meel-gaar ah oo loogu talagalay Xannaaneeyayaasha Tixgelinaya Isticmaalka Naf-galka Shakiga ee Ka-hortagga Caabuqa HIV-ga ee Dadka Waaweyn ee Horumar leh." Xuruufta iyo Mortality Reporting Weekly (MMWR). Agoosto 10, 2012; 61 (31): 586-589.