Sida ay saameyntooda u wali waxay ku qabsadeen Maanta
Sida laga soo xigtay Nicoli Nattrass, oo ah qoraaga Isku-dhafka AIDS-ka: Dib -u-dagaalanka Sayniska , Diidmada AIDS-ka waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa afar door oo kala duwan:
- "Cilmi-yahiir Hero" - dhakhaatiirta ama saynisyahannadu isticmaalaan wixii shahaadooyin cilmi ah oo laga yaabo in ay abuuraan sharciyo ah cilmi-baaris aan la taageerin.
- "Ku heesaya heesaha" - kuwa si firfircoon u dallacaya sababaha diidmada ee dadwaynaha, guud ahaan iyada oo la dhisayo sheeko gabo gabo.
- "Nolosha nool" - shaqsiyaadka qaba HIV oo bixiya "caddayn nool" in daaweyn kale la sii daayo iyaga oo nool.
- "Cultropreneurs" - kuwa isticmaalaya goob qarsoodi ah oo ah istaraatajiyad suuq ah oo loogu talagalay daaweyn kale ama faa'iido ganacsi.
Liiska ugu sareeya ee Diidmada AIDS-ka ee ugu sarreeya ayaa ka dhigan mid ka mid ah doorarka astaamaha ah. Waxaa lagu qiimeeyaa oo kaliya saameynta ay ku lahaayeen waqtigii loogu talagalay taariikhda HIV-ga, laakiin saamaynta ay ku yeelatay farriimaha ama ficiladooda ay wali tahay maanta.
ACT UP / San Francisco
ACT UP (Isbahaysiga AIDS-ka ee Unleash Power) ayaa ah koox dhaqdhaqaaqa AIDS-ka ee aasaasiga ah oo ay wadaagaan macaluha Larry Kramer sannadkii 1987. Inkastoo ururku ku qancay inuu saameyn ku yeesho isbeddellada wanaagsan ee cilmi-baarista noolaha iyo daryeelka caafimaadka ee dadka la nool HIV, ACT UP / Cutubka San Francisco wuxuu kudhacay gebi ahaanba kala duwan oo ku saabsan HIV-ga oo sababay AIDS-ka, oo si rasmi ah uga jabtay kooxda waalidka ee sannadkii 2000.
Inkasta oo ay sababeen sababo xuquuqda xayawaanka, xoraynta isu-guurka, miro-dhalinta iyo dhiirigelinta marijuuca daawada, dooddooda ayaa badanaaba lagu soo koobay si xeeldheer ah oo ka soo horjeeda bulsho xumaan iyo burbur. Sida laga soo xigtay bogga kooxda:
"Runtu waxay tahay in dadku aysan dhimanayn AIDS-ka, dadku way xanuunsanayaan waxayna dhimanayaan ... qaababka difaaca jirka ee nolol maalmeedka ku jira sunta sunta ah, cibaadeyska, furitaanka, lacagaha loo adeegsado, macaamiilka ( bulshada ) ."
Inkastoo sanadaha soo socda ay hoos u dhigeen nambarada xubinimada ah, ayaa durbadiiba ka soo horjeeday taageeradooda ay ka mid yihiin kuwa ka soo jeeda beelaha ka soo horjeeda Chrissie Hynde (kuwaas oo ku deeqay $ 5,000) iyo dadka loogu talagalay daaweynta anshaxa ee xayawaannada (PETA), oo ay la socdeen mudaaharaad baaritaan xooleed.
Waxay ahayd, in laga yaabo, dabeecadda, dabiiciga ah ee ujeedada kooxdu u ogolaatay inay taageeraan taageerayaasha kuwa laga yaabo inay waydiiyaan diidmada diidmada. Hogaamiyaha ACT UP / SF, David Pasquarelli, wuxuu ku dhintay 2004-kii isaga oo da'diisu tahay 36 jir ka yimid cudurka HIV, halka Michael Bellefontaine uu geeriyooday sannadkii 2007-dii isagoo da'diisu tahay 41 jir cudur aan nidaamsaneyn.
Matthias Rath
Mattias Rath, oo mataanaha caanka ah ee mataanaha ah ee la yiraahdo Matthias Rath, oo ah madaxa cilmi-baarista Dr. Rath ee California, ayaa sameeyey warar caalami ah marka uu ku andacoonayo in fitamiinada (oo loo yaqaan "daawada gacanta") ay si wax ku ool ah u daaweyn karto HIV iyada oo ku adkeysaneysa in cudur-sidaha Daawooyinka (ARVs) waxay ahaayeen sunta iyo khatarta.
Inta lagu jiro dhererka faafka AIDS-ka ee Koonfur Afrika 2005-kii, hay'adda Rath ayaa toban kun oo buug yar oo waraaqo ah u qoondaysay magaalooyinka saboolka ah ee kufilaya dadka degan HIV-ga ee ku dhiirri-galiya inay ka tagaan ARV-yada oo ay u isticmaalaan fitamiinada.
Muddo yar ka dib, Rath waxaa loo qaaday maxkamad iyada oo la sameynayo tijaabooyin aan fiicnayn (oo ay dad badani u dhinteen) ayaa laga mamnuucay inay daabacaan xayeysiisyo dheeraad ah oo kor u qaadaya badeecadihiisa ama cilmi-baarista joogtada ah ee Koonfur Afrika.
Taageerada laga heley Wasiirka Caafimaadka ee Koonfur Afrika Manto Tshabalala-Msimang iyo Golaha Xakamaynta Dawooyinka ayaa sidoo kale lagu magacaabay dhar-cad oo saameyn ku yeeshay sheegashada Rath's sheeganayay.
Christine Maggiore
Christine Maggiore waxaa loo tixgeliyey inay dad badani u noqdaan ilmo dhalashadiisa ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa iska-caabinta AIDS-ka. Cilmi-baaristaha ururku, Alive & Well Alternatives Alternatives, Maggiore wuxuu dardar-galiyay aragtida ah in HIV uusan ahayn AIDS-ka oo ay kula talisay haweenka uurka leh ee HIV-ga qaba inaysan qaadin ARV-yada.
Maggiore waxaa laga helay HIV-ga 1992-dii. Iyadoo ay markii ugu horreysay ka shaqaynaysay iskaashatada HIV-ga ee loo yaqaan 'AIDS' Los Angeles iyo Haweenka Khatarta ah, waxay la kulmeen mucaaradka Peter Duesberg inay bilowday inay si firfircoon u weydiisato sayniska. Waxay u samaysay cinwaano deg deg ah ka dib markii ay ka soo baxday ARV-yada intii ay uurka lahayd iyo kadibna naas nuujinaysay gabadheeda, Eliza Jane, iyada oo sheegtay in HIV-gu uu ahaa mid aan waxba tarayn.
Sidaa daraadeed, qasab waxay ahayd Maggiore oo ah dhaqdhaqaaqe ah in dawladda Koonfur Afrika ay ku martiqaaday inay soo bandhigto Shirkii Caalamiga ahaa ee AIDS-ka Caalamiga ahaa ee Durban. Kulankeedii uu la yeeshay madaxweyne Thabo Mbeki ayaa la sheegay in uu saameyn ku yeeshay go'aankiisa ahaa inuu joojiyo maalgalinta cilmi baarista caafimaadka haweenka uurka leh ee qaba HIV.
Marka laga reebo Maggiore awooddiisa inuu taageero ka helo kuwa u arkay iyada oo u muuqata rajo rajo, waxay heshay fara badan oo mararka qaar ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka warbaahineed ee ka yimaada kuwii su'aal ka keenay in ay run ahaantii ay nafteeda ku dishay sababtoo, xitaa iyada oo caafimaadkeeda ay bilaabatay inay ku dhacdo. (Taa bedelkeeda, isla muddadaas, dhaqdhaqaaqa HIV-ga ah ee Zackie Achmat ayaa dareenka caalamiga ah u soo jeediyay in ay diidaan in ay qaataan ARVs ilaa dawladda Koonfur Afrika ay oggolaatay in ay daawada u qaybiso dadweynaha.
Taageerayaasha Maggiore waxay ahaayeen xubno ka mid ah kooxda dhagaxa, Foo Fighters, kuwaas oo abaabulay hanti-iibsi oo lagu iibiyay deeq-lacageedkeedii 2001-dii (mawqif ay leeyihiin tan iyo markii ay iska fogeeyeen boggooda kooxda). Eliza Jane wuxuu ku dhintay da 'ahaan saddex sano oo ka mid ah pneumocystis Pneumonia . Maggiore wuxuu ku dhintay 2008 isagoo da 'ahaan 58 jir ah cudurka infakshanka herpes iyo fayruska labada iswada .
Dr. Peter Duesberg
Peter Duesberg waxaa inta badan loo tixgeliyaa aabaha AIDS-ka ee ka soo horjeeda AIDS-ka. Wuxuu dhashay 1936-kii Jarmalka, Duesberg wuxuu helay shaqo aad uwanaagsan markii uu bilaabay xirfadiisii hore ee cilmi-baaris ku saabsan fayraska keena kansarka, isla markaana si dhakhso ah u kor ugu kacay, isagoo ugu dambayntii la siiyay da'da 36 jir oo ka yimid Jaamacadda California, Berkeley.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bilowgii Dhibaatada AIDS-ka ee 1987-dii, Duesberg wuxuu noqday xarun farsamo cilmi-baaris ah oo lagu dhaleeceynayo daawooyinka madadaalada sida alkohol alkyl (sidoo kale loo yaqaan "poppers") waxay sabab u yihiin AIDS-ka iyo in HIV-gu qudheedu wax aan lahayn. Kadib wuxuu sii waday inuu ku daro ARV-yada sida wakiilada xanuunka loo yaqaan 'syndrome'.
Inkasta oo Duesberg ku guulaysatay taageerada maalmaha hore ee xiisadda-oo ay ku jiraan Nobel Prize biochemist Kary Banks Mullis (oo loo sharfay, si khaldan, shaqadiisa ku saabsan tiknoolajiyada PCR ee loo isticmaalo baadhitaanka fayruska ) - ma ahayn ilaa uu ka dib la kulmo- Madaxweynaha Koofur Afrika Thabo Mbeki ayaa sheegay in saamiga Duesberg uu dhab ahaantii dareemay.
Sanadkii 2000, Duesberg waxaa lagu martiqaaday inay ka fariistaan dhageysiga Mbeki ee la talinta HIV iyo AIDS-ka, taas oo keentay caddayn farsamaysan oo Mbeki u horseeday "waxay ii muuqatay in aanan waxba ka qaban karin wax walba oo ku saabsan fayraska halista ah."
Mbeki waxa uu ku adkaysan waayay HIV-xataa xitaa inuu ku adkeysto isticmaalka "HIV iyo AIDS" si uu u calaamadiyo labadii tiir-galiyay-wuxuu loo tixgeliyaa sababtii ugu weyneyd ee uu uga tagay xafiiskiisa 2008. Markaad wax ka qabato kaalinta Duesberg ee Koonfurta Afrika, Max Essex ee Dugsiga Harvard ee Caafimaadka Bulshada, ayaa la waydiiyay in Duesberg uu si fudud uga dhexjiray bulshada cilmi-baarista "ama" suurta-galnimada dilka guud "dhimashada sababo badan oo ay sababeen diidmo dawladeed. Duesberg waxay sii wadaa inay daabacaan fikradaha diidan, ugu dambayntii arrinta diisanbar 2011 ee ka mid ah joornaalada Talyaaniga ee Anatomy iyo Embryology.
Madaxweynihii hore ee South Africa Thabo Mbeki
Way adag tahay in la soo gabagabeeyo in siyaasadaha been-abuurka ah ee Madaxweynihii hore ee Koonfur Afrika Thabo Mbeki uu ku soo rogay "si wadajir ah" isagoo isku duba riday fikrado isku dhafan, ama uu ahaa "bamboozled" oo uu ka soo horjeeday mucaaradka uu doortay inuu isku soo dhoweeyo.
Laga soo bilaabo maalmokiisii ugu horeeyay ee uu ku xigeen yahay Madaxweyne kuxigeenka Nelson Mandela, Mbeki waxaa loo arkay inuu si fudud ugu gudbin karo "xalal Afrikaan ah" cudurka iyada oo ka badan kuwa sayniska "Galbeed". Hal dhibic, tan waxaa ka mid ah isticmaalka warshad xoog leh oo la yiraahdo Virodene, oo si sharci darro ah loogu baaray bini-aadanimada koonfurta Afrika iyo Tansaaniya.
In badan oo ka mid ah sheekooyinka Mbeki ee ku saabsan ama ku saabsan mawduuca HIV, waxaa jiray inta badan qallafsanaanta colonialism ama talo soo jeedin ah in HIV ay ahayd macnaheedu yahay "Galbeedku" wuxuu awood u yeelan karaa inuu wax ka qabsado, ka faa'iidaysto ama la boobo dadka Afrikaanka ah.
Jilaaga Mark Gevisser, ayaa lagu soo warramayaa in Mbeki uu la barbar dhigi jiray saynisyahannada cilmi-baadhista ee Nazi-ga dhakhaatiirta xeryaha iyo dadka madowga ah ee aqbalay sayniska qumman ee AIDS-ka ee loo yaqaan "nafsiyeeyn" dhibbanayaal maskaxeed. Iyadoo sabab looga dhigay go'aanka uu ku joojinayo qaybinta ARV-yada dadweynaha guud, Mbeki ayaa sidoo kale faallo ka bixiyay:
"Waxaa la iga qaaday abaaro go'aamin dad badan oo ku nool dalkeena si aan u bixinno dhammaan caqliga maskaxeed si ay u noqdaan kuwo iibsanaya sheyga hal shirkad daawo."
Sababtoo ah isaga oo aan wali la dhicin marka la eego geerida HIV-ga ee weligeed kor u kacday, dad badan ayaa soo gabagabeeyay in diidmada AIDS-ka ay si fudud u adeegsanayso fikradaha siyaasadeed ee Mbeki, isaga oo u oggolaanaya inay la wareegaan siyaasado khaldan leh oo ay la socdaan khabiirada galbeedka "khabiiro reer galbeed ah."
Tan iyo markii Mbeki laga saaray xafiiska 2008, waxaa jiray guulo waawayn oo laga gaaray Koonfur Afrika , oo maanta ka hawl gasha barnaamijka ugu wayn ee ARV ee adduunka. Laakiin sida laga soo xigtay baadhitaanka jaamicadda Harvard, ayaa dib u dhac ku yimid natiijada ka soo baxday 340,000 oo dhimasho ah oo la xiriirta HIV, 170,000 oo infekshin cusub ah iyo 35,000 carruur ah oo qaba HIV intii u dhaxaysay sanadihii 1999 iyo 2007. Hase yeeshee, Mbeki ayaa weli ah mid aan la taaban karin, isagoo ku doodaya wareysiga Newsweek Maarso 2016:
"Sababtoo ah xukuumadda Koonfur Afrika ... ayaa la filayay in ay diiradda saaraan sababta dhimashada sagaalaad ee ugu horreeysa ee geerida sida ugu dhaqsiyaha badan oo loo daaweyn karo xaalad deg-deg ah oo muhim ah sideedii ugu horreeysay ee keena dhimasho, xitaa wadajir loo qaato?"
> Ilo:
Natrass, N. "Isuduwidda AIDS-ka: saynisku dib ayuu u dagaallamayaa." Jaamacadda Columbia Press, New York City. La daabacay 2012; 225 p .; ISBN: 9780231149129.
Mulwo, A .; Tomaselli, K .; iyo Francis, M. "HIV / AIDS iyo ku doodista diidmada ee ku taala Afrikada Saxaraha hoose: Jawaab Afro Amar ah?" Wargeyska Caalamiga ah ee Daraasaadka Dhaqanka. 2012; 0 (0): 1-16.
Linzer, J. "Cudurka AIDS-ka ee 'Dissident' wuxuu raadinayaa madax furasho ... iyo daawo loogu talagalay kansarka." Baro. May 15, 2008.
Natrass, N. "Qiyaasida faa'iidooyinka lumay isticmaalka daroogada antiretroviral ee Koonfurta Afrika." Wargeyska Cilladda Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Diisambar 1, 2008; 49 (4): 410-415.
Gaffey, C. "Madaxweynihii Hore ee Koonfur Afrika Thabo Mbeki Oo Iska Fogeeyay Khilaaf Xoogan HIV." Newsweek; la daabacay Online March 8, 2016.