Haddii aad rumaysan tahay in cannabis loo isticmaali karo daryeelka caafimaadka, xaqiiqda ayaa ah in marijuana caafimaad loo ogol yahay 25 gobol iyo Degmada Columbia. Afar gobol iyo DC ayaa xitaa u oggolaanaya isticmaalka madadaalada ee daroogada. Dawladaha kale waxay hadda fiirinayaan sharciyeynta sidii doorasho.
Xukuumadda federaalku kuma heshiin. Maamulka Dukumiintiga Maareynta Daroogada Mareykanka (DEA) waxay sii wadaan inay kala soocaan marijuana sida daroogada jadwalka ah ee sharci darrada ah.
Taas macnaheedu waa dadka ku jira Medicare oo raba inuu isticmaalo daawada loogu talagalay daaweynta?
Fahamka Xeerarka Maan-dooriyaha
Sharciga Waxyaabaha Kontoroolka ah (CSA) ee 1970kii ayaa sameeyay nidaam lagu dejinayo daroogooyinka. Waxay daroogo u qaybisay shan qaybood, ama jadwal, iyada oo ku saleysan khatarta ah inay dhaliso isticmaalka maandooriyaha ama ku-tiirsanaanta:
- Jadwalka I: Ma jiro adeeg caafimaad oo la aqbalay; khatarta sare ee xadgudubka iyo ku tiirsanaanta
- Jadwalka II: Isticmaalka isticmaalka caafimaadka; khatarta sare ee xadgudubka iyo ku tiirsanaanta
- Jadwalka III: Isticmaalka isticmaalka caafimaadka; dhexdhexaad ilaa heer hoose u ah xadgudubka ama ku tiirsanaanta
- Jadwalka IV: Isticmaalka isticmaalka caafimaadka; khatarta ugu yar ee kufsiga ama ku tiirsanaanta
- Jadwalka V: Isticmaalka isticmaalka caafimaadka; khatarta ugu yar ee xadgudubka ama ku-tiirsanaanta
In kastoo ereyada badanaa loo isticmaalo isbeddel, xadgudub iyo ku-tiirsanaantu way ka duwan yihiin. Erayada ugu fudud ee fududaantu waxay ka dhigan tahay in jidhku jidh ahaan u baahan yahay daroogada iyadoo xadgudub la micno ah qofka maskaxda ku haya, xaaladdiisa dareenka ama maskaxeed, u baahan tahay.
Iyada oo sharciyeysnaanta gobolada kala duwan, codsiyada ayaa loo gudbiyey DEA si ay uqorto marijuana laga bilaabo Jadwalka I illaa daroogada Jadwalka II. Tani waxay yeelan doontaa ramifications oo aan saameyn ku yeelan doonin oo keliya saameynta fulinta sharciga degaanka laakiin sidoo kale sharciyada ku saabsan wax soo saarka iyo xitaa soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta daawada.
Bishii Ogosto 2016, DEA waxay hoos u dhigtay codsiyadaas, iyaga oo marijuana ka dhigaya jadwalka jadwalka.
Ma Marijuana ka Halis badan Cocaine?
Adigaa kugu adag in aad hesho qof aan u maleyn in cocaine ay tahay daroogo khatar ah oo daroogo leh. Si xiiso leh, si kastaba ha ahaatee, kookeynta waa daroogada Jadwalka II. Taas macnaheedu waa dawladda federaalku hadda waxay u arkaan faa'iidooyinka caafimaadka ee laga helo cocaine-ka laakiin marijuana maaha.
Cocaine waxa loo isticmaalaa sida suuxdinta jirka ee loogu talagalay dhegaha, sanka, iyo dhuunta xitaa iyada oo xitaa sida xajinjebiyaha si looga caawiyo joojinta sanku. Isticmaalka wuxuu ku kooban yahay codsiyada xirfadlayaasha caafimaadka. Waa maxay marijuana loo isticmaali karaa? Dawladdu waxay sheegaysaa inaysan jirin macluumaad ku filan oo lagu caddeeyo inay tahay ammaan.
Qawaaniinta federaaliga ah ee xaddidan ee cilmi-baarista waa dhib. Marka hore, baaritaanku wuxuu u baahan yahay lacag, iyo deeqaha way sii adkaanayaan oo way ka sii adag tahay in la yimaado iyada oo la adeegsanayo nooca daroogada loo arko khatarta iyo xoojinta jaangooyooyinka Jadwalka. Si loo sii wado cilmi-baarista, waa in loo gudbiyaa Waaxda Caafimaadka iyo Adeegyada Dadka si loo helo marijuana cilmi-baaris; Marijuana ka yimid beerta hal shinni ah ee Maraykanka oo ah mid federaalku ogolaaday inuu kobciyo, oo ah beertiisa Jaamacadda Mississippi.
Kaliya bishii Ogosto 2016 ayaa DEA u xaqiijisay in ay u oggolaan lahayd jaamacadaha kale inay codsadaan si ay u koraan marijuana ujeedooyin cilmi baaris ah.
Dabadeed cilmi baarayaashu waa inay ogolaansho ka helaan DEA si ay u yeeshaan una qaadaan daroogada. Sannadaha ayaa laga yaabaa in ay dhacaan ka hor inta daraasaddu ay xitaa ka bixi karto dhulka, haddii ay dhan. Natiijada kama dambaysta ah waxay tahay inaysan jirin tijaabo caafimaad oo badan oo lagu taageerayo isticmaalka, ugu yaraan kuma filna inay ku qanciso dawladda dhexe. Weli maaha.
Caafimaadka Marijuana wuu isticmaalaa
Waxaa jira, si kastaba ha ahaatee, daraasado qaarkood si ay u taageeraan isticmaalka kiliiniga daawada marijuana. Waxaa jira cilmi-baaris muujinaya faa'iidooyinka caafimaad ee marijuana iyo deriska, gaar ahaan qaybta firfircoon ee marijuana loo yaqaano tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xog badan ayaa laga helaa xayawaanka marka loo eego aadanaha.
Xaaladaha caafimaad ee haysta xogta lagu taageerayo isticmaalka marijuuca caafimaadka, ugu yaraan ilaa xad, waxaa ka mid ah:
- Cadaadiska cuntada
- Xanuunka la xiriira kansarka
- Cudurka epilepsy
- Glaucoma
- HIV
- Cagaarshow Multiple
- Lalabbo iyo matag
- Peripheral neuropathy
Waxaa jira taageero yar oo loo adeegsado isticmaalka marijuuca caafimaadka ee fibromyalgia, cudurka Huntington, cudurka Parkinson, rheumatoid arthritis, ama xanuun aan la xiriirin kansarka.
Xaaladaha oo dhan, saamaynta daaweynta nafsiyadeed waa mid walaac ah.
Maamulka cuntada iyo maandooriyaha ayaa hadda ansixiyay laba dawo oo cannabinoid ah si loogu isticmaalo Maraykanka. Cesamet (nabilone) iyo Marinol (dronabinol) ayaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta lallabada iyo matagidda dadka qaata kiimikada. Marinol waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in lagu daaweeyo anoreksiyada iyo miisaanka luminta dadka qaba HIV. Daawooyinkaasi waa Jadwalka II iyo III, siday u kala horreeyaan, inkastoo ay yihiin walxaha derajada ah ee THC.
Medicare iyo Marijuana Medical
Medicare ma bixin doono daawooyinka Jadwalka I sababta oo ah qeexitaanku maaha mid caafimaad ahaan lagama maarmaan u ah. Ma aha oo keliya, laakiin Medicare waa barnaamij federaali ah iyo indhaha DEA, hay'ad federaali ah, marijuana waa ka soo horjeedaa sharciga. Haddii aysan DEA sameynin isbeddel jadwal ah (oo ay diidday in ay sidaas sameeyso bisha Agoosto 2016), marijuucda daawada ayaa miiska saaran macaamiisha Medicare-ka haddii aysan rabin inay bixiyaan jeebka .
Taasi waxay u muuqataa inay noqoto runta waxa dhacaya!
Sida laga soo xigtay daraasadda 2016-ka ee arrimaha caafimaadka, kharashka daawada Qaybta D ayaa hoos u dhacay dawladaha marejiga ah ee la heli karo. Saameyntu waa in dadku u beddelaan marijuana caafimaad. Gaar ahaan, daawada Qaybta D ayaa loo qoray si ka yar shuruudaha lagu daaweyn karo marijuana caafimaad ahaan.
Kaydka Medicare wuxuu ku qiyaasay $ 165 milyan sannadka 2013. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay ku qiyaaseen in kaydkaasu uu ahaa $ 470 milyan oo doolar ah haddii marijuuca caafimaadku uu sharci ahaan dalka ku yaal. Xarumaha Adeegyada Medicare iyo Adeegyada Medicaid (CMS) ma arki karaan marijuuca caafimaadka sidii ikhtiyaar looga yareeyn lahaa kharashka mustaqbalka? Ugu yaraan gobolada ay tahay sharci? Waqtiga ayaa kuu sheegi doona.
> Ilo:
> Bradford AC, Bradford WD. Dawooyinka Marijuana waxay yareynayaan Daawooyinka Daawooyinka Daawada Daawada Qaybta D. Daryeel Caafimaad. 2016 July; 35 (7): 1230-1236. doi: 10.1377 / hlthaff.2015.1661.
> Maamulka Daweynta Daroogada. Jadwalka Daroogada. https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml.
> Maamulka: Dawladaha iyo Degmooyinka. Khariidadda Gobolka Marijuana Shuruucda. http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html.
> Murnion B. Xashiishada cannabis. Aust Prescr. 2015 Dec; 38 (6): 212-5. Epub 2015 Dec. 1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4674028/.
> Machadka Qaran ee Xadgudubka Daroogada. Xaqiiqooyinka Daroogada: Ma Marijuana Daawada? https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana-medicine. Dib loo eegay July 2015.