Layman's Guide to Understanding HIV Baaritaanka HIV-ga ee Dhalmada
Baaritaanka HIV ee carruurta yaryar iyo kuwa socod-baradka ah (da'da 18 bilood ama ka yar) way ka duwan tahay sida dadka qaan-gaarka loo baadho. Halkii ay ka baari lahaayeen tijaabooyinka difaaca HIV (borotiinka oo uu soo saaray habka difaaca jirka ee jiritaanka HIV ), dhakhaatiirta ayaa halkii tijaabin lahaa jiritaanka dhabta ah ee HIV iyada oo la adeegsanayo waxa loo yaqaan " assay viral assay" .
Tani waxay ka duwan tahay kala- shaandhada fayraska ah (aka "viral load") oo loo isticmaalo in lagu cabbiro HIV-ga dhiigga qofka.
Taa baddalkeeda, baaritaanka tayada ayaa xaqiijinaya in fayrasku dhab ahaantii jiro iyo in kale.
Baaritaanada antibody , oo ay ku jiraan baaritaanada cusub ee jiilka, ma abuuri karaan infekshinka HIV ee ilmaha yar sababtoo ah unugyada difaaca ayaa, dhab ahaantii, in hooyada loo wareejiyo hooyada illaa ilmaha iyada oo loo marayo mandheerta xilliga uurka. Waxaa muhiim ah, sidaa darteed, si loo fahmo in jiritaanka "cudurada" dhaxaltooyo "aysan sheegin infekshanka HIV. Inta badan, inta badan matoorada hooyada ayaa si tartiib ah u baabi'i doona, celcelis ahaan marka ilmuhu jiro qiyaastii 14 bilood (inkastoo ay noqon karto in ka badan 24 bilood).
Si loo yareeyo khatarta caabuqa, ilmaha dhasha ah ayaa guud ahaan loogu talagalay koorsada ka hortagga ( daawooyinka) daawooyinka antiretroviral muddo afar ilaa lix toddobaad ah. Waddamada Maraykanka iyo kuwa ugu horumaray, tilmaamaha uurka waxay ku talinayaan in naasnuujinta laga fogaado si looga hortago in loo gudbiyo HIV-da iyada oo loo marayo caanaha naaska.
Baaritaanka HIV-ga ee loo isticmaalo dhallaanka iyo caruurta yar yar
Baaritaanka virologic ee loo isticmaalo dhallaanka wuxuu noqon karaa baaritaanka jawaabta polymerase silsilad (PCR) , kaas oo ogaanaya jiritaanka HIV DNA, ama baaritaanka HIV RNA, oo si cad u garta HIV RNA.
In kastoo gaaritaanka mid kasta oo ka mid ah imtixaanadani ay sarreeyaan wakhtiga dhalashada, dareenka (awoodda inay si sax ah u ogaadaan HIV) waxay noqon karaan kuwo hooseeya 55% PCR iyo 25% ee HIV RNA.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, waqtiga dhalashada ilmuhu dhasho saddex bilood, saxnaanta imtixaanku guud ahaan wuxuu soo jeedaa 100%.
Xaalado gaar ah, baaritaanada antibody HIV ayaa loo isticmaali karaa carruurta da'doodu u dhaxayso da'da lix ilaa iyo 18 bilood si ay si cad uga saaraan infekshanka HIV. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in aan loo isticmaalin si loo xaqiijiyo infekshanka HIV-da sababtoo ah welwelka ku saabsan difaaca jirka hooyada kale.
Xaqiijinta infakshanka HIV waa inuu ku salaysan yahay laba natiijooyin baaritaanno oo laga qaado shaybaarka kala duwan.
Marka la barbardhigo, imtixaannada xun waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay yihiin kuwo ku saleysan had iyo jeer
- laba ama in ka badan oo ah baaritaanyo caafimaad oo fayoobi ah oo la qaadey da'da hal bil iyo afar bilood, ama;
- laba imtixaan oo ka hortag ah oo laga qaado dhiig-yaryar oo kala duwan carruurta da'doodu tahay lix bilood.
Carruurta da'doodu ka weyn tahay 18 bilood, ayaa qiyaasta hannaanka qiyaasta HIV ee qaangaarka ah .
Imtixaanka Ilmaha Ilaa Lix bilood Bilood
Sababtoo ah xaddidaadda baaritaanada wakhtiga dhalashada, ilmaha yaryar ee HIV-ga soo gaaray ayaa guud ahaan la baadhi doonaa 14 ilaa 21 maalmood, kadibna hal ilaa laba bilood, ugu dambeyn afar ilaa lix bilood.
Laba todobaad, dareenka imtixaannada si dhakhso ah ayuu u wanaajiyaa. Haddii natiijo wanaagsan ay muujiso 14 ilaa 21 maalmood, dhakhaatiirtu waxay isla markaaba samayn doonaan tijaabada labaad. Hadday hubaal tahay, dhakhaatiirtu waxay bilaabi doonaan daaweyn antiretroviral ah oo loogu talagalay caruurta da'doodu tahay 12 bilood ama ka yar.
Carruurta da'doodu ka weyn tahay 12 jir, bilawga ayaa lagu go'aaminaayo iyada oo la eegayo xaaladda caafimaad ee ilmaha iyo qiimaha CD4 / viral .
Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii baaritaanku yahay mid liita ka dib 14 ilaa 21 maalmood, baaritaan labaad ayaa la samayn doonaa laba illaa lix toddobaad kaddib marka la joojiyo daaweynta ka hortagga. Imtixaanka labaad ee taban ee marxaladani waxay tilmaamaysaa in cunuggu uu yahay mid aan loo baahneyn. Afar labaad ilaa lix bilood ayaa la tixgelin doonaa ogeysiis aan caadi aheyn.
Imtixaanka Carruurta Inta u dhaxaysa Da'da 6 iyo 18 Bilood
Baaritaanka antibody waxaa loo isticmaali karaa caruurta da'doodu tahay lix bilood ilaa da'da 18 bilood.
Guud ahaan, labo tijaabo oo aan caadi aheyn oo lix illaa 12 bilood ah ayaa ku filan in loo tixgeliyo si cad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhakhaatiirta qaarkood waxay jecel yihiin in ay tijaabiyaan inta u dhaxaysa 12 illaa 18 bilood si loo hubiyo in dhammaan unugyada difaaca hooyadu ay waayaan.
Baaritaano dheeraad ah ayaa lagu tilmaami karaa duruufo gaar ah, sida caruurta la naas-nuujiyo ama ku jira ciribtirka jirka hooyada. (Hal daraasad ayaa muujisay in ilaa 14% carruurta ay qabaan unugyada difaaca HIV 24 bilood kadib dhalashada.)
Imtixaanka Dhalashada Halista ah ee Dhalashada
Ilmaha yaryar ayaa loo tixgeliyaa khatarta ugu badan ee caabuqa (tusaale ahaan, hooyooyinka aan ka qaadin daaweynta antiretrovoviral-ka inta uurka ama kuwa qaba cudurka infekshanka ) waxaa laga yaabaa in la baadho markay dhalayaan maadaama ay dhici karto in infekshanku uu ka weyn yahay. Kooxdan, inta u dhaxaysa 30% iyo 40% ee caabuqa waa la xaqiijin karaa 48 saacadood dhalashada kadib. Xaaladahaas oo kale, daaweynta prophylactic waa la joojin doonaa waxaana la bilaabi doonaa daaweyn buuxda.
Ilaha:
Wasaaradda Caafimaadka ee Mareykanka iyo Adeegyada Aadanaha (DHHS). "Tilmaamaha Isticmaalka Wakiilada Antiretroviral ee Hurgumada Cudurada HIV: Ciladda HIV ee Infant iyo Carruurta." Rockville, Maryland; updated February 12, 2014; heley Abriil 14, 2014.
Gutierrez, M; Ludwig, D .; Khan, S .; et al. "Miyuu daaweynta firfircoon ee firfircoon ee firfircoon wuxuu kordhiyay wakhtiga loogu talagalay seroreversion ee cudurka HIV ee la soo bandhigay laakiin aan la daboolin?" Cudurada Cudurrada Cudurrada ah . Nofeembar 2012; 55 (9): 1255-1261.