Waddanka Maraykanka, inkastoo rajo weyn, nidaamkeena daryeelka caafimaadku wali wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii hal nooc oo mid-midab-dhan ah. Qaar waxay u tixraacaan sida tan dadwaynaha. Muuqaalkan ayaa tilmaamaya in dadka intooda ugu badan, cudurkaas - ay noqon karaan qabow caadi ah ama kansar-wuxuu leeyahay jaangooyo la saadaalinayo, dadka intooda badanna waxay ka faa'iideysan doonaan koorso daaweyneed oo isku mid ah.
Haddii daaweyn gaar ah uusan shaqayn, markaas qorshaha daaweynta ee labaad ee ugu fiican ayaa la qoraa.
Tani waxay sii socotaa ilaa iyo inta cudurku ku yar yahay. Daaweyntu waxay ku saleysantahay tirakoobka dadweynaha ee la heli karo, maxkamad iyo qalad ayaa la isticmaalaa ilaa bukaanku si fiican u socdo. Tilmaamahan daawada, sifooyinka shakhsi ahaaneed, astaamaha halista ah, doorashooyinka qaab nololeed iyo genetics ayaa si dhif ah loo tixgeliyaa. Sidaa daraadeed, habka daaweyntu ma noqon doonto mid ku habboon xaaladaha oo dhan, oo ku fashilmay kuwa aan ku habboonayn "xuduudda".
Daawada shakhsi ahaaneed, dhinaca kale, waxay u doodaysaa habeynta daryeelka caafimaadka. Ujeedadu waxay tahay in laga hortago cudurrada, iyo sidoo kale daaweynta qaab-dhismeedka shakhsi ahaaneed sidaa darteed cudur ama jirro ayaa lagu beegsan karaa hab u ballan qaadaya fursadda ugu weyn ee guusha ku salaysan sifooyinka shakhsiga. Qodobka hoosta ka ah habkan ayaa ah daawo shakhsi ahaaneed (PM) tixgelinaya in daroogooyinka iyo waxqabadyadu ay yeelan doonaan waxqabad kala duwan oo ku salaysan qofka la daaweynayo.
Tiknoolajiyada Caafimaadka ee Da'da Reebid
Haddaba, sayniska ayaa haysta khariidad dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan dhammaan unugyada jidhka, daawo shakhsiyadeed ayaa muujinaya xaqiiqda.
Machadka Cilmi-baarista Qaranka ee Human Genome wuxuu xooga saarayaa in daawooyinka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ku lug leedahay isticmaalka astaanta bukaan-socodka bukaan-socodka si uu u hago go'aannada ku saabsan ka hortagga, ogaanshaha iyo daaweynta.
Tiknoolajiyada caafimaadka casriga ah ayaa hadda u oggolaanaysa in genome-ga qofka la baaro si loo ogaado sifooyinka gaarka ah ama astaamaha.
Angelina Jolie's sheegashada dadweynaha ee ku saabsan beddelidda mutacalinta hiddaha BRCA1, taas oo halis weyn ugu jirta kansarka naasaha iyo kansarka ugxan-sidaha, ayaa qaar ka mid ah fikradahan u jeediyay dadweynaha. Sameynta xulashooyinka ku salaysan nooca hiddaha ayaa weli laga yaabo inay ahaato heerka caadiga ah ee daryeelka caafimaad ee maalinlaha ah, laakiin waxay noqotaa mid aad u ballaaran.
Oncology waa aag daawo ah oo tiknoolijiyada DNA-ga soo-saarka badan leh. Tusaale ahaan, kansarka sanbabada, waxaa jira fursado badan oo daaweynta shakhsiga ah oo hadda la heli karo iyadoo lagu saleynayo biomarkers kansarka sambabada oo kala duwan. Haddii ay jirto calaamado caafimaad, baaritaanada hidde-yada waxaa badanaa lagu dabooli karaa caymiska, gaar ahaan haddii uu jiro daawo FDA-ogolaatay ama daaweyn ku xiran isbedelka hidde-wade.
Dhawaan, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay kaloo isticmaaleen habka DNA-da si loo dhiso xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya fayraska lafa-caleemaha (BLV) iyo kansarka naasaha. Waxaa hore loo aaminsanaa in fayraskan sirta ah uusan ku dhici karin dadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daraasad ay sameysay Jaamacadda California, Berkeley, iyo Jaamacadda New South Wales, Sydney, ayaa muujisay in BLV ay ku jiri karto unugyada aadanaha saddex illaa 10 sano ka hor inta aan la ogaanin kansarka la ogaado, taas oo muujinaysa isku xirnaan xoog leh.
Daryeelka caafimaadka ee loo yaqaan 'genome-driven medical care' waxaa sii kordhaya isticmaalka tiknoolajiyadda xigta ee soo socota (NGS).
Sida laga soo xigtay Machadka Cilmi-baarista Qaranka ee Qaranka ee Human Genome, dhammaan isugeynta genomka hadda waxaa lagu sameyn karaa in ka yar 24 saacadood ka yar $ 1,000. Adeegyada hidde-qabta waxay noqdeen kuwo sax ah oo la awoodi karo waxana hadda loo adeegsadaa xarumaha dawladda iyo kuwa gaarka loo leeyahay. Si kastaba ha noqotee, caqabado badan ayaa weli u baahan in wax laga qabto. Tusaale ahaan, dhakhaatiir badan ayaa laga yaabaa inaysan lahayn fursado tababar oo aysan aqoonin tiknoolajiyada cusub. Khubarada qaar ayaa sidoo kale ka digaya in ay jirto baahi loo qabo in la helo isku dheelitirid u dhexeeya rajo iyo hype iyo in arrimahaas anshaxa loo baahan yahay in si adag loo kormeero.
Unug Cusub ah oo ka socda unugyadaaga
Waxaa laga yaabaa in mid ka mid ah cusbitaallada ugu caansan ee aagga dawooyinka shakhsiyadeed ay daabacaan unugyada 3-D ee unugyada u gaar ah. Waxaa la saadaaliyay in qiyaastii 10 ilaa 15 sano, xubnaha jirka ayaa si joogta ah looga soo saarayaa unugyada laga goosto bukaanada iyaga oo isticmaalaya tiknoolojiyada farsamada 3-D. Mustaqbalka, xubnaha taranka ayaa ugu dambeyntii lagu badali karaa iyada oo loo eego habka koriinka jirka.
Anthony Atala, MD, Agaasimaha Machadka Wake Forest ee Daweynta Dawooyinka Isku-dhafka ah (WFIRM), ayaa hore u muujiyay in kelyaha la tallaalay la soo saaro iyadoo la adeegsanayo farsamooyinka noocan oo kale ah, oo gacan ka geysanaya sidii loo xakamayn lahaa dhibaatooyinka keena jidh-yaraanta. Hadda, saynisyahannada WFIRM ayaa ah injineer ka badan 30 unugyo kala duwan oo loo isticmaali karo xubno beddel ah. Organovo, oo ah shirkad ka shaqeyneysa unugyada bini'aadamka ee shakhsiyadeed ee shakhsi ahaaneed, ayaa ilaa hadda samaysay hababka beerka 3-D oo ah inay shaqeynayaan oo degganaan ilaa 60 cisho, taas oo ah horumar ka yimid hawlgalkii hore ee la sameeyey 28 cisho. Nooca beerka ee daabacan waxaa loo isticmaali karaa tijaabooyinka daroogada, taas oo bixisa nooc kale oo xayawaan ah iyo tijaabooyin lagu sameeyo fayteco. Waxa kale oo ay soo bandhigaysaa rajo cusub dadka qaba xaalado hiddaha oo kala duwan oo laga yaabo inay ka faa'iidaystaan beerka. Sannadka 2016-ka, aqoonyahanada Shiinaha ayaa si guul leh u daabacay qayb ka mid ah wadnaha wadnaha ee wadnaha ee wadnaha ah. Marxaladan qeybtan ayaa ka ciyaari karta doorka ka hortagga istaroogga ee bukaanka qaba fibrillada atrial. Waxay u muuqataa in tiknoolajiyadda 3-D ay bixin karto kor u qaadida soo bandhigida qaybta gadaasheeda ee bidix marka la barbar dhigo hababka sawir-qaadista caadiga ah. Tani waxay lagama maarmaan u tahay dhakhaatiirta qalliinka maadaama ay u baahan yihiin tixraac horudhac ah oo horey loo soo mariyey ka hor inta aysan bilaabin habka iskuulka.
Tiknoolajiyada Mobile iyo Daawada Shakhsiga ah
Agaasimaha Eric Topol, Agaasimaha iyo Professor of Genomics ee Scripps Institute of Science Studies, wuxuu sharxayaa casriyeynta casriga ah ee hadda sida hubka daawada mustaqbalka. Taleefanada gacanta iyo qalabka mobile-ka ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida biyosensors-cadaadiska dhiigga, cabbirka wadnaha, heerarka sonkorta dhiigga iyo xitaa mowjadaha maskaxda-sidoo kale waxay u shaqeeyaan sida scanner shakhsi ahaan sida otoscope ama ultrasound. Dadku hadda waxay samayn karaan cabbiraadyo badan oo iyaga naftooda ah, marka ay doonayaan iyo meesha ay ugu haboon tahay iyaga. Waxay arki karaan oo tarjumayaan xogtooda iyaga oo aan u baahnayn in ay soo booqdaan dhakhtarka, sameynta daryeel caafimaad oo sii kordheysa shakhsi ahaan iyo shakhsi ahaanba.
Arimaha Asluubta ee ku Dhisan Horumarka Daaweynta Shakhsi ahaaneed
Laga soo bilaabo subaxdii daawo shakhsi ahaaneed, dhawr jeer oo xaddidan habkan ayaa looga dooday. Qaar ka mid ah khabiirada ayaa ku doodaya in ay halis u tahay yareynta dawada si ay u samayso sheyga molecular. Dhaqanka daawada dhaqameed ee habboon waa in horay loogu daraa shakhsi ahaan shakhsi ahaaneed adoo eegaya astaamaha gaarka ah, taariikhda caafimaad iyo xaaladaha bulshada. Cilmi-baarayaal badan oo bulshada iyo bioethistists waxay aaminsan yihiin in calaamadda "daawo shakhsi ahaaneed" ay ku lug yeelan karto isbedel ku yimaada shakhsiga, loona yareeyn karo arrimo kale oo dhaqaale-bulsheed ah oo muhiim u ah in la baaro. Hawlaha qaarkood ayaa laga yaabaa in ay gacan ka geystaan dhaqanka "eedeynta dhibanaha", oo abuuraya dhaleecayn kooxo dad ah iyo qaadashada khayraadka caafimaadka dadweynaha oo ka fog dadaallada isku dayaya in ay wax ka qabtaan kala duwanaanshaha bulshada iyo sinnaanta oo saameyn karta caafimaadka.
Qoraal ay daabacday machadka Hastings Centre-machad cilmi-baaris ah oo wax ka qabta arrimaha akhlaaqda iyo arrimaha bulshada ee daryeelka caafimaadka, sayniska, iyo tiknoolajiyada-ayaa tilmaamay in ay dhici karto in laga yaabo in qaar ka mid ah filashooyinka khaldan ee ku xeeran daaweynta shakhsi ahaaneed. Taas macnaheedu maahan in mustaqbalka, waxaad awoodi doontaa inaad hesho daawo gaar ah ama daaweyn gaar ah adiga keligaa. Daawada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka badan tahay sidii loogu kala qaybin lahaa kooxo ku salaysan xogta hidaha iyo eegista khatarta caafimaadkaaga iyo jawaabaha daaweynta ee macnaha guud ee kooxda hiddaha ah.
Dad badan ayaa ka walwalsan in lagu tiriyo inay yihiin xubin ka mid ah koox hoosaadka ah, tusaale ahaan, waxay kordhin karaan heerka caymiskaaga ama waxay kuu noqon karaan musharixiin shaqo oo aad u yar. Tixgelinnadani maaha kuwo aan sal lahayn. Daawada shakhsi ahaaneed ayaa gacanta ku haysa iyada oo la kordhinayo xogta korodhka, iyo xogta nabadgelyadu waxay sii ahaanaysaa caqabad. Intaa waxaa dheer, in koox ka mid ah koox hoosaad laga yaabo inay ku qasbaan inaad kaqaybqaadato barnaamijyada baaritaanka iyada oo ah arrin mas'uuliyad bulsho ah oo yareyneysa xorriyadda doorashada qofka.
Waxaa sidoo kale jira saameyn anshaxeed oo suurtagal ah in dhakhaatiirta ku shaqeeya xogta hidaha. Tusaale ahaan, takhaatiirta waxay u baahan yihiin inay ka fikiraan inay ka noqdaan qaar ka mid ah macluumaadka aan lahayn adeegga caafimaadka. Hannaanka bandhigidda wuxuu u baahan doonaa qaar ka mid ah edebta si taxaddar leh si looga hortago inuu jahwareeriyo ama u bato bukaanka kale. Hase yeeshee, tani waxay calaamad u noqon kartaa in dib loo celiyo daawada paternalistic halkaas oo uu dhakhtarku go'aaminayo waxa adiga kuu fiican iyo waxa lagaa rabo. Waxaa si cad ujirta baahida loo qabo qaabdhismeed anshaxeed oo ku lug leh arimahan, iyo sidoo kale baahi loo qabo ilaalin taxadar leh si loo hubiyo in walwaluhu yahay mid isu dheeli tiran faa'iidooyinka.
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