Qiiqa saddexaad waa qadar loo sameeyay si loo qeexo khatar kale oo sigaar cabbid ah. Marka lagu daro khatarta la xidhiidha sigaarcabka (oo lagu qeexay sida sigaar-cabista hore), iyo khatarta qiiqa sigaarka ah , cabsida aan yareyn ee qiiqa saddexaad ayaa laga yaabaa inay sidoo kale khatar ku tahay. Waa maxay sababta cusub ee walaaca loo qabo?
Qiiqa saddaxaad waa erey loo isticmaalo qeexidda qaybaha iyo gaasaska ka haray kadib markii sigaarka la demiyo.
Qaybahaani waa dhul waxayna ku sii jirayaan meel kasta oo ka mid ah meelaha uu qofku sigaar cabbo - dhar, timo, alaab guri, iyo dabaqa.
Maxay tahay Waa Khatar?
Waxay u muuqan kartaa caddayn in maaddooyinka ka soo baxa ka dib markii sigaarka la soo saaro waxay noqon kartaa khatar. Dhammaan ka dib, liiska sigaarka lagu sifeeyo sigaarka ayaa si cad u argagaxaya qof leh asal ah kimisteriga. Laakiin waxaa jira in ka badan hal hab oo ay qiiqa saddaxaad ku keento dhibaatooyin.
Waddada koowaad way fududahay in la fahmo. Kiimikooyinka ka haray sigaarka ka dib sigaar cabista dhulka dushiisa oo ah meel ay sigaar cabiddu ka dhacdo. Daraasaduhu waxay ogaadeen in kiimikada qiiqa seddaxaad, 11 ay yihiin kansar (maaddooyin awood u leh kansarka). Qaar ka mid ah kiimikooyinka laga helay dusha sigaarka ka dib sigaarka waxaa ka mid ah nicotin, cyanide, polonium-210 raadraaca, sunta rasaasta, arsenic, hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromaticic, iyo butane.
Habka labaad ee sunta waxay noqon kartaa cabasho qiiqa saddexaad leh iyada oo loo marayo nidaam loo yaqaan "off-gasing." Dareemidu waxay dhacdaa marka walxaha laga soo qaado sigaarka lagu dhajiyay dusha, sida nicotin, dib loogu celiyo hawada iyada oo loo marayo geedi socodkan, hadhaaga tubaakada ee ka soo baxday dusha sare ayaa sii waday inuu soo saaro sunta sigaarka ka dib markii sigaar cabbidu dhacday.
Marka lagu daro kiimikada sunta ah ee ku jirta dusha ama lagu sii daayo hawada, dariiqa saddexaad ee soo-gaadhista ayaa ah marka marka cusub ee sunta la abuuro by isdhexgalka walxaha THS ee leh kiimiko kale oo ku jirta deegaanka. Laba tusaale oo ah isdhexgalka oo lagu diiwaangeliyey waxaa ka mid ah:
- Marka THS ay ka soo horjeedo oksaydhka yar (tusaale ahaan qalabka gaaska ama mashiinnada baabuurta) ee hawada abuura kaneecada loo yaqaan 'nitrosamines'.
- Marka xayndaabyada dabiiciga ah (VOCs) ee THS ay falcelin la sameeyaan ozone hawada si loo abuuro formaldehyde ka mid ah kiimikooyinka kale.
Sidee Cilladuhu u dhacaan
Dadka waxaa saameeya sunta sunta ee THS iyaga oo ka cabanaya (qayb ama gaas la soo saaro), iyaga oo dillaacaya (marka ay qayb ka mid ah cunada cuntada, ama faraha lagu dhajiyo afkooda sida ilmaha yar), ama nuugista maqaarka. Xasuusnow waa in nuugista maqaarka, inkasta oo aan inta badan la hadlin, ma aha wax aan caadi ahayn. Maalintan iyo da'da markaan hayno nikotiin, hormoonno, iyo daawooyin kale, waxaa cad in maqaarkeenu aanu ahayn xannibaad adag oo maaddooyinka deegaanka ah.
Sidee Baahan Baahan Yahay Khatartu?
Waa waqti hore tan iyo markii la helo helitaanka qiiqa seddaxaad si sax ah loo qiyaaso halista. Iyadoo tixgelinaysa in Qeybta Guud ee Qalitaanka Guud (US Surgeon General) ay sheegeyso in aysan jirin wax qatar ah oo qiiqa sigaarka lagu cabbo, waxay udub dhexaad u tahay in la sheego in wax kasta oo soo gaadhay qiiqa saddaxaad ay tahay in laga fogaado.
Si ka duwan sida qiiqa sigaarka ah, khatarta sigaarka caanaha ah ayaa dhab ahaantii sii kordheysa waqtigeeda sababtoo ah sunta badan ayaa lagu soo dhejiyaa dusha guriga ama gaadiidka.
Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay uun bilaabeen inay qiimeeyaan khatarta suurtagalka ah, laakiin helitaanka natiijooyinka waxaa ka mid ah:
- Saddexda sigaar cabba (THS) waxaa lagu ogaadey in uu faragalinayo bogsashada nabarrada, iyo sidoo kale "boogta boogta" - si kale haddii loo dhigo, sida degdega ah nabarka u bogsanaayo iyo nooca cagaaraha la sameyn doono.
- Daraasad lagu sameeyo jadeecada ayaa ogaaday in THS ay keento isbeddelo unugyada unugyada kuwaas oo keena caabbinta insulin-ka (sida caadiga ah, hor-u-marinta sonkorowga.)
- Waxaa jira caddayn hore oo ah in THS laga yaabo inay kordhiso halista kansarka. Nitrosamines - kiimikooyinka laga helo THS - oo ka sarreeya xadka ay soo jeedisay Hay'adda Ilaalinta Deegaanka ee carruurta da'doodu u dhaxayso 1 ilaa 6 waxay ku jiraan 77 boqolkiiba guryaha guryaha leh sigaarka. Tani waxaa loo maleynayaa in ay u turjumeyso 1 kiis oo kansar ah 1000 qofba. Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado, in cilmi-baaristu ay wali tahay mid aad u da 'yar, kimikaas oo sigaarka qiiqa saddexaad aan wali la baran hababkan.
- Jeermiska TB-da ee ku dhaca jiirka ayaa sababi kara cudurka beerka dufanku ku badan yahay, taas oo keenta cirrhosis iyo cudurada wadnaha.
- Sigaarka seddexaad ee sigaarka lagu cabo wuxuu dhalin karaa isbeddelada noolaha ee unugyada kuwaas oo saameeya fibrosis, taas oo walaac ku abuuraysa inay ka ciyaari karto kaalinta COPD iyo neefta.
- Isbeddellada ku yimaada sida platelets isku daraan sababtoo ah THS waxay walaac ka qabtaa in THS ay kordhin karto halista xinjirta dhiigga iyo cudurada wadnaha.
- Tixgelinta THS ee jadeecadu waxay keentaa cilad-darro, waxaana jira walaac dheer oo ku-soo-gaadhista carruurta ay keeni karto xaalado daran oo neerfaha ah.
Waxaa la rumaysan yahay in carruurtu ay halis weyn u tahay dadka waaweyn. Baqshiinka bustoolad ee boodhka ah ayaa u muuqda inuu dego dhulka - halkaas oo ay carruurtu fadhiyaan oo ciyaarayaan. Carruurtu sidoo kale waxay u badan tahay inay farahooda afkiisa geliyaan ka dib markay taabteen dusha sare ee THS.
Heerka sare ee qoyaanku wuxuu ka difaacayaa heerarka qaarkood, sida gobollada, marka qoyaanku hoos u dhaco, waxay u badan tahay inay qaadaan halis weyn oo soo-gaadhis ah. Ozone ee hawada sidoo kale waa kala duwan tahay. Tusaale ahaan, fal-celinta qashinka daba-galka dabiiciga ah ee THS oo leh ozone-ka hawada ayaa ah mid walaac weyn ka qabta diyaarad, marka loo eego gaari dhulka ku yaal.
Sidee looga fogaanayaa Sigaar cabista Seddexda
Sida ugu fiican ee looga hortagi karo qiiqa gacanta saddexaad waa inay lahaadaan siyaasad aan dulqaad lahayn oo sigaar lagu cabo gurigaaga iyo gaarigaaga. Si ka duwan sida qiiqa sigaarka lagu cabbo, hawo-qaadku wax yar ma saaro THS, iyo hal qaylo-gacmeed oo saddexaad ah ayaa jira, xitaa lama ogaan kartid.
Si ka duwan sidii adigu hore; Waqtigu ma bogsanaayo marka ay timaado qiiqa saddexaad. Xaqiiqada ah in THS ay ruxayso waa caddayn haddii aad abid ku jirtay hoteel kaas oo mar-mar-sigaarka loo oggol yahay. Xitaa haddii aysan sigaar-cabin muddo toban sano ah, kuwa sanka dhiigga ku jiraa waxay weli qaadi karaan qiyaaso maalmo ah markii sharciyadu ka duwan yihiin. Daraasadduna way xaqiijisay tan iyo sidoo kale. Isbaarooyinka laga soo qaaday guryaha oo sigaar cabidu weli dhacdo ayaa weli leh heerar qiyaasta THS ka dib markii la sii daayay laba bilood.
Haddii aad weli rajeyneyso in lagu soo bandhigo THS, halkan waxaa ku qoran talooyin dhowr ah:
- Ku maydh, timo iyo maqaarkaaga haddii aad u soo gaadhay THS.
- Markay suurtagal tahay, nadiifinta dusha iyo alaabta ay u egtahay qiiqa qashinka. Maskaxda ku hay in tani aanay ahayn mid wax ku ool ah, oo si joogto ah u dhimi karta ama u kala jajabin karo dharka iyo dusha.
- Haddii aad dooratid inaad sigaar ku cabto gurigaaga, daaqadaha fur oo isku day inaad iska joojiso sigaar cabidda qolalka leh dhar qoryaha. Taasi waxay tidhi, iyadoo kuleylka dhexe ama hawada dhexe ay sii socdaan sunta ayaa weli ku wareegaya gurigaaga oo dhan.
- Baro asxaabtaada iyo qoyskaaga. Cilmi-baarisyada eegay aaminsanaanta dadka ku hareeraysan sigaar cabista ayaa ogaaday in haddii sigaar-cabbayaashu ogaadaan in sigaar-cabistooda (sigaarka ama sigaarka saddexaad) ay u saameynayaan kuwa kale, waxay u badan tahay inay ku dhaqmaan mamnuucidda sigaar-cabista qoyska.
Sidee loo Tuuraa Sigaarka Afka Saddexaad
Saarista THS way ka adag tahay marka loo eego. Nadiifinta ama nadiifinta nadiifinta kaligeed ma jeexi karto. Si nadaafadda loo nadiifiyo nicotin, waa inay ahaato acidic. Hase yeeshee badi badi waa alkaline (ka soo horjeeda acidic) waxayna ku fashileen in ay ka soo saarto nicotine xitaa meelaha dusha sare leh. Isticmaalka xalal acidic ah sida khalka ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka saarto THS dusha meelaha sida marble, laakiin ma aha had iyo jeer wax ku ool ah. Dadku intooda badan ma rabaan in ay madhxin karaan iyagoo uraya soodhaw. Sababtoo ah, in laga saaro THS-ka qoryaha waa wax aan macquul ahayn. Haddii aad rabto in aad ka qaadatid qiiqa saddexaad ee gurigaaga, beddelista qoryaha, inkasta oo qiimo jaban, ayaa suurtagal ah ikhtiyaarka ugu fiican.
Joojinta sigaarka ayaa ah habka ugu wanaagsan ee looga hortagi karo qiiqa gacanta.
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