Habdhaqanka Galmada ee Shakhsiyaadka Lagu Dhawaaqo ama Khatar aan Lahayn
Khatarta qaadashada galmada waa fikrad ah in dadku inta badan ay ku adkaato in ay fahmaan, gaar ahaan kuwa loo arko inay halis weyn ugu jiraan HIV. Laga soo bilaabo dhinaca bulshada, waxaa weli jira diidmo xoogan oo ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaqyada jinsiga qaarkood oo laga yaabo inay tixgeliyaan "habdhaqan" ama "taboo" (sida khaniisnimada, jinsiga kooxeed, iyo jinsiga ganacsiga), iyo cambaareynta la xidhiidha dhaqdhaqaaqyadani waxay wadaan wada hadalka dhulka hoostiisa.
Waxa aan ognahay waa in dadka qaada khatarta galmada aysan si caadi ah u dhicin wax iskumid ah ama jaahilnimo (inkastoo ay kuwani si dhab ah wax uga geysan karaan dabeecadahaas). Inta badan, waxay ku dhaqaaqaan waxyaabo cilmi nafsiyeed iyo dabeecadeed oo ku wargeliya go'aankooda galmada. Kuwani waxay ku jiri karaan arrimahan sida jebinta akhlaaqda jinsiga iyo magdhowga jinsiga .
Fahamka Galmada Naafaynta
Dhibaatada dabeecadaha jinsiga ah (ama, si fudud, jinsiga galmada) waxay ka dhigan tahay lumista caqabadaha ku saabsan dabeecadaha jinsiga ah ee loo tixgeliyey bulsho aan la aqbali karin ama aan loo baahnayn, oo muujinaysa is-beddel la'aan, dareen-raadin iyo qiimeyn khatar ah oo liita.
Inkastoo ereyga badanaa loo xilsaaray dabeecadaha soo jeediya cudur maskaxeed ama naafo maskaxeed, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si ballaaran oo ah habdhaqan galmo kasta oo shakhsi ahaan halis u ah ama aan loo baahnayn - marka laga hadlayo dhaawac jireed ama shucuur leh; waxyeellada dadka kale; dhaawaca xiriirka shakhsiyeed ama xirfadeed; fal-dambiyeed ama tallaabo sharci; ama ka soo iibsashada cudurada galmada lagu kala qaado.
Inkasta oo ay ku badan tahay (sida, rabitaan jinsi ah ama rabitaan) inta badan waxay noqon kartaa mid ka mid ah jahawareerka galmada, ma aha mid la mid ah. Midkoodna lagama maarmaan ah in lala xiriiriyo dabacsanaan, dabacsanaan ama dabeecad liddi ku ah bulshada dhexdeeda (sifooyinka guud ahaan lagu daro gudaha xuddunta bukaanka ee dabeecadda dhaqanka).
Sababtoo ah ka-hortagga jinsi-yada waxay ka koobnaan kartaa xanuunada maskaxda iyo cudurrada maskaxda oo la xidhiidha arrimo caadifadeed ama bulsho-dhaqameed, oo ay ka mid yihiin:
- Khamriga ama daroogada maandooriyaha
- Khasaaro khatar ah oo khatar ah
- Si xun u fahmida tilmaamaha bulshada ama caadooyinka
- Murugo
- Jirrada hore ee galmada, (oo ay ku jirto dhaawaca caruurnimada)
- Isdhexgalka ama jinsiga koox-kooxeedyada (oo ay ku jiraan iskuulada, shabakadaha bulshada ama jinsiga)
Ereyga waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsadaa farriimaha bulshada iyo shabakadaha, taas oo qofku uu ku dhaqmo habdhaqan galmo ah marka fariin qoraal ah, fariin qoraal ah (" sharaxaad "), ama dirista internetka-u dhaqmida si ka duwan sida onlineka ah ee laga yaabo in ay dhacaan.
Marka la eego xaaladda HIV , kicinta galmada waxay noqon kartaa jawaab toos ah dareen cabsi, cadho, niyadjab ama walaac-oo aan ka mid ahayn dadka cudurka qaba. Dadka qaba HIV-ga waxay badanaa dareemaan dareenka rajada iyo rajo la'aanta ("Waxaan doonayaa inaan helo") ama la kulmo daal (kaniinada kondhomka) (daali ka hortagga) ee habka sida ka baxsan dabeecadaha kuwaas oo laga yaabo in ay ilaaliyaan.
Xitaa kuwa haysta faham xooggan oo ku saabsan gudbinta iyo ka-hortagga HIV-ga waxaa mararka qaarkood saameyn ku yeelan kara macluumaadka wax ka beddelaya dhaqanka galmada.
Qaar badan oo daraasad ah, tusaale ahaan, waxay soo sheegeen in dhibcaha daba-dheer ee isticmaalka kondhomka ka dib markii lagu soo bandhigay hir-gelinta HIV-ga. Muddo gaaban, shakhsiyaadka badanaa waxay ku qaadaan halis weyn haddii ay aaminsan yihiin - ama doonayaan inay aaminaan - in natiijooyinka ama halista HIV-ga ay yar tahay.
Fahmida Xil-dhibinta Khatarta Galmada
Dhibaatada halista ah, marka loo eego, waxay tusinaysaa in shakhsiyaadka ay habeynayaan dabeecadooda iyagoo ku saleynaya aragtidooda khatarta. Waxay soo jeedinaysaa in dadka naftooda ku kalsoon in ay ku jiraan khatar yar oo ay yareyn doonto fursadaha xitaa hadii qiimeyntan ay tahay mid aan loo baahneyn ama aan la ogeyn.
Xaaladaha HIV-da, magdhawga halista ayaa dejin kara fikradaha ah in qofku uu u nugul yahay infekshin ama gudbin inta laga yaabo inay dhab ahaantii noqon karaan.
Fikradahani waxay inta badan ku xiran yihiin hirgelinta qalabka ka hortagga biomediga sida Hiv-ga horey loo ogaado (PrEP) , daaweynta HIV ee ka hortagga (TasP) , ama gudniinka gabdhaha (VMMC) .
Tusaale ahaan, iyada oo VMMC ay muujisay faa'iido weyn oo ah yareyntii heerka HIV ee dadweynaha aadka u-badan, cilmi-baarista ayaa muujisay in nimankan gudniinku mararka qaarkood ku lug yeeshaan dabeecadaha khatarta sare haddii ay ogaadaan khatarta caabuqa in la yareeyo. Haddii sidaas la sameeyo, nin cusub oo gudniinka ah ayaa suurtogal ah in uu hoos u dhigo faa'iidooyinka VMMC isaga oo ku hawlan hab dhaqanka halista ah ee uu horeyba uga fogaaday.
Sidoo kale, shakhsiyaadka aaminsan naftooda 'ilaalinaya' ee cinjirrada ama "TasPP" waxay wiiqi karaan lacagta badbaadada haddii ay galmoodaan lamaanayaal badan - gaar ahaan haddii isticmaalka kondhom ama isticmaalka daaweynta adagtahay.
Saameynta Rabshada Khatarta-Isku-gudbinta Gudbinta HIV
Inkastoo ay cadahay in khatarta galmoodka ay isbedeleyso, ay sii kordheyso suurtogalnimada in laga yaabo in HIV-ga la sii wado, daraasad 2014-ka loogu talagalay in lagu ogaado saameynta dabeecadaha noocan ah ee ku saabsan heerka cudurrada HIV ee Uganda, mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu adkaa cudurka. Daraasad xisaabeed ayaa soo gabagabeysay in haddii daaweynta antiretroviral (ART) la bixiyo wakhtiga cudurka, cudurada wadnaha ee HIV-ga ayaa hoos u dhacaya 2025 haddii heerarka dabeecadaha galmada khatarta ah aysan kordho.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii heerarku ay kordhayaan, faa'iidada guud ee ART-da guud ahaan waa la tirtiri doonaa, taasoo keentay kororka tirada dadka qaba HIV.
Iyadoo tan la sheegayo, waxaa jira caddaymo muujinaya in bilowga ART laga yaabo inay la xiriirto hoos u dhac ku yimaada khatarta galmada ee dadka qaarkood. Daraasad ka timid Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health ayaa werisay in dadka raadsanaya daaweyn gaar ah HIV iyo daryeelka ay u badan tahay inay fahmaan ciladaha khatarta ah ee la xariira caabuqa HIV-ga iyo sidaasi daraadeedna ay u badantahay in ay ku dhacdo dabeecad galmo qatar ah.
Natiijooyin isku mid ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay daraasado lagu cabbirayo isbeddellada ku dhaca dabeecadaha jinsiga ee dadka aan la daaweynin ee lagu meeleeyay daroogada ka hortagga HIV, Truvada (oo loo yaqaan ' Prelada' ). Dib-u-eegis toddoba, oo tijaabo ah oo tayo sare leh ayaa taageeray natiijada ah in isticmaalka PrEP ee shakhsiyaadka khatarta ku jira aysan la xiriirin khatarta sii kordheysa ee galmada ama kordhin la'aanta cudurada galmada lagu kala qaado.
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