Fayrusyada hargabka waxay badalaan wakhti kasta. Taasi waa sababta aan ugu baahanahay inaan helno tallaalka hargabka sannad walba.
Qaar ka mid ah isbeddelladani waa kuwo yar yar, laakiin waxaa jira mararka qaarkood isbeddel weyn oo abuura noocyo cusub oo fayruska ifilada ah. Waa fayrasyada ifilada ifilada cusub ah ee ay khubarada ka walwalayaan sababtoo ah waxay yihiin kuwa keena faafka ifilada.
Waxyaabaha kale ee lagu ogaanayo nooca jeermiska hargabka cusub waxaa ka mid ah:
- Dadka, gaar ahaan carruurta yaryar, inta badan ma laha wax difaac ah "novel" ama noocyada cusub ee fayraska ifilada xoolaha
- Fayrasyada ifilada doofaarka ee dadka qaata dadka jiran waxaa lagu magacaabaa fayruusyo hargab oo kala duwan
- qaar ka mid ah noocyada fayruuska ifilada ee cusub ayaa leh isbeddel hidde ah oo ka dhigi kara in ay u sahlanaato in ay ka gudbaan xayawaanka dadka ama in ay keenaan cudur halis ah
Isbeddel yar oo ku yimaada fayrasyada ifilada ifilada waxa keena habka antigenic. Isku dhacyadu waxay keeni karaan isbeddello yaryar ee fayruska ifilada si ay unugyada difaaca aan u aqoonsanin oo aan si buuxda looga ilaalin cudurka.
Isbeddel weyn oo waaweyn ayaa keena wareegga antigenic. Tani waa waxa kiciyay faafka 2009 H1N1 . Halkii laga bedeli lahaa isbeddel sahlan ama isbedel hal jeermis dilaac ah, natiijada antigenic waxay ka timaaddaa ballanqaad weyn oo ah waxyaabo hidde ah oo ka yimaada noocyada kala duwan ee hargabka, badanaa u dhexeeya xayawaanka iyo noocyada bini-aadanka. Sidaas darteed wareegga antigenic, fayruuska hargabka oo laga yaabo in uu awood u yeeshay inuu ku dhaco shimbiraha ama doofaarka, ayaa laga yaabaa inuu helo awood uu ku faafo aadanaha.
Xilliga Xilliga Fogaha
Fayruuska hargabku wuu muran yahay in khubarada la saadaaliyay ay noqon doonaan kuwa ugu badan inta lagu jiro xilliga hargabka 2015-1016 oo lagu daray tallaalka hargabka ee xilli-ciyaareedkii hore:
- oo ah A / California / 7/2009 (H1N1) fayraska pdm09
- A / Switzerland / 9715293/2013 (H3N2)-sida fayruska oo kale ah
- a B / Phuket / 3073/2013-oo la mid ah fayraska
- sida B / Brisbane / 60/2008 sida fayraska (tallaalka hargabka qufarta)
Fayruska hargabka H1N1 ee sababay faafka ayaa hadda noqday uun fayruska ifilada xilliyeed ee caadiga ah.
Sannadka soo socda ee sannadka 2016-17 tallaalka hargabka ayaa ku jiri doona:
- oo ah A / California / 7/2009 (H1N1) fayraska pdm09
- A / Hong Kong / 4801/2014 (H3N2)-sida fayruska oo kale ah
- iyo B / Brisbane / 60/2008 sida fayraska (B / Victoria lineage)
- Tallaalka afar geeska ah ayaa sidoo kale ku jiri doona fayraska B / Phuket / 3073/2013 sida (B / Yamagata lineage)
Ilaa iyo laba qaybood ee talaalka hargabka sanadka xiga ayaa isbedelaya.
Dareemaha
Inkasta oo in badan oo naga mid ah ay heleen in lagu dhageysto hargabka shimbiraha iyo ifilada doofaarku, hargabka eeyku waa wax cusub.
Dhegeysi ku saabsan hargabka 2015 ee hargabka (kaniinada kaneecada) ee Chicago ayaa laga yaabaa in labadaba la yaabay oo ay ka welweleen dad badan. Nasiib wanaag, hargab hargabku maaha mid u faafa dadka. Fayruska H3N2 ee ka yimid fardaha si fudud ayaa u faafi kara eeyada, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid muhiim u ah in la xakameeyo oo laga hortago kiisaska cusub.
HPAI H5
Laga soo bilaabo bishii Diseembar 2014, noocyada hargabka hargabka (HPAI) ee hargabka hargabka (HPAI) ee hargabka ayaa laga helay Maraykanka oo ku yaalla shimbiraha duurjoogta ah (Kanada Goose, Mallards, Snowy Owl, iwm) iyo digaagga gudaha, oo ay ku jiraan digaagga, turkiga, iyo ducks.
Malaayiin shimbiro bukaanjiif ah oo ugu yaraan 21 gobol ayaa keeney talooyin ka soo baxay CDC in dadka:
- Ka fogow shimbiraha duurjoogta ah oo ka ilaali kaliya meel fog
- iska ilaali xiriirka shimbiraha (digaaga) ee u muuqda jiran ama dhimatay
- Ka fogow taabashada meelaha dushooda ah ee u muuqda inay saxaraha ka soo shubeen shimbiraha duurjoogta ah ama kuwa gudaha ah.
Khatarta caafimaad ee dadka ka yimaada ifilada shimbiraha ayaa loo maleynayaa inay yar tahay waqtigan.
Waxaa jira walaac ah in hargabka shimbiruhu uu u horseedi karo ukun yaraanta, qiimaha sare ee ukumaha, iyo sicirka sare ee turkey.
H3N2 Caabuqyo kala duwan
Fayruska H3N2 (H3N2V) wuxuu helay 12 qof 2011-kii. Kani waa fayruuska hargabka kaas oo sida caadiga ah caabuqa faafa, laakiin wuxuu awooday inuu dadka jirrado - inta badan dadka ay sii dheeraaday xidhiidhka doofaarka qaba.
Tani waa dillaaca socota. Sannadkii 2012, kiisku wuxuu tiriyaa infekshannada H3N2v kordhay ilaa 309 12 dawladood.
Inkastoo aan sidoo kale aragnay kiisaska qaarkood tan iyo markaas, sida sanadihii hore, waxaa jira faafin xadidan qof qof kale. Taasi waa war wanaagsan dhammaanteen, laakiin dadka qaarkood waxay weli u baahan yihiin inay taxaddaraan, gaar ahaan kuwa halis sare ugu jira dhibaatooyinka hargabka . CDC waxay ku talineysaa in ay ka fogaadaan barafka doofaarka iyo doofaarrada beeraha beeraha.
Si looga fogaado helitaanka H3N2v doofaar, waxaa sidoo kale muhiim ah in qof kasta:
- si fiican u dhaq gacmaha ka dib marka wax kasta oo soo gaadhsiiyo doofaarka
- iska ilaali qaadashada cuntada iyo cabitaanka hareeraha doofaarka
- Iska ilaali inaad qaadato qalabka cunugaaga, qalabka ciyaaraha, dhalada ilmaha, ama mujuruca, iwm., hareeraha doofaarka
- ka fogow doofaarka kasta oo xanuunsan
Maskaxda ku hay in aadan had iyo jeer sheegin haddii doofaarku leeyahay H3N2v. Sida infakshanka bini-aadamka, doofaarka qaarkood waxay ku dhici karaan fayraska oo waxay qabaan calaamado fudud ama calaamado oo dhan oo haddana waxay u sii gudbin karaan dadka kale.
Sababta oo ah noocyada fayruuska hargabku isku duubi karo iskuna beddelaan noocyo cusub, waa inaad iska ilaalisaa doofaarka haddii aad xannuunsan tahay hargabka.
19kii xaaladood oo keliya ayaa H3N2v ku nool Maraykanka sannadkii 2013, laakiin saddex kiis oo kali ah sannadkiiba 2014 iyo 2015.
Ilaa hadda, sannadka 2016, waxaa jiray ugu yaraan afar xaaladood oo ah H3N2v, dhammaan Ohio iyo Michigan.
H7N9 Shimbir Flu
Khamiiskii 2013 ee H1N9 ee dalka Shiinaha ayaa dad badani ka walaacsanaa, iyada oo ay jiraan 44 dhimasho oo ka mid ah 132 kiis oo 2013 ah. Waxaa sidoo kale jira xaalado yar oo socdaalayaasha ka soo noqda Shiinaha, oo ay ku jiraan dadka ku xanuunsaday Kanada iyo Malaysia.
Nasiib wanaag, nooca shimbiraha hargabka ayaa marnaba awood u lahayn inuu qof kale ku faafo. Taa baddalkeeda, waxaa loo maleynayaa in dadku ay xanuunsadeen soo gaarsiiyey digaagga qaba cudurka, gaar ahaan suuqyada shimbiraha nool.
Horraantii 2013 ayaa u muuqatay in la dhammeeyey, laakiin kiisaska cusub ayaa u muuqda in ay kor u kacaan sanad walba. Hadda waxaa jira ugu yaraan 798 xaaladood oo ah infakshannada H7N9, inta badan Shiinaha, iyo ugu yaraan 212 dhimasho.
H5N1
Marka laga reebo H7N9, waxaa jira jeermis kale oo hargabka shimbiraha ah oo muddo dheer ku jiray - hargab doofaareedka H5N1 oo aad u sarreeya.
Markii ugu horreysay ee la ogaado sannadkii 2003, waxaa jiray ugu yaraan 664 kiis oo HPAI H5N1 ah oo ku jira 15 waddan iyo ugu yaraan 391 dhimasho.
Inta badan kiisaska waxay ku yaalaan Aasiya iyo waqooyiga Afrika, gaar ahaan Masar iyo Indonesia. Haddii aad booqaneeyso mid ka mid ah meelahaas, CDC waxay kugula talineysaa inaad "ka fogaato booqashada beeraleyda digaaga, suuqyada shimbiraha iyo meelo kale oo digaaga ku kiciya, la hayo, ama la iibiyo."
Sida H7N9, hargabka noocan ah uma muuqdaan inuu ku faafo dadka dhexdooda.
H9N2
Laba kiis oo cusub oo hargabka A (H9N2) ayaa sidoo kale la xaqiijiyay 2013, labadaba Shiinaha.
Cudurka shimbiraha noocan ah wuxuu u eg yahay inuu keeno calaamado khafiif ah, sidaas awgeed looma arko inuu yahay halis weyn hadda.
H10N8
Cudurrada cusub ee hargabka cusub ee hargabka doofaarka ee dadka qaba cudurka, A (H10N8), ayaa hadda la xaqiijiyay in ay qaadeen ugu yaraan laba qof oo ku nool dalka Shiinaha tan iyo bishii Janaayo 2014.
Mid ka mid ah kiisaska, haweeney 55-jir ah oo ku jirtay suuqa beeraha waxay keentay oof-wareen aad u daran waxayna ku jirtay xaalad halis ah. Qof kale oo qaba infakshanka H10N8 ayaa geeriyooday dabayaaqadii 2013-kii.
Maxaad u Baahan Tahay Inaad Ka Ogaato Xanuunka Cusub ee Cusub
Waxay noqon kartaa feker aad u cabsasho leh in cadaadis kasta oo hargab cusub ah ay dhalin karto hargabka cusub ee faafa iyo tiro badan oo ka mid ah geerida . Nasiib wanaag, noocyadan faafa waa dhif.
Waxyaabaha kale ee lagu ogaanayo nooca jeermiska hargabka cusub waxaa ka mid ah:
- Daawooyinka hargabka fayruska, oo ay ku jiraan Tamiflu (oseltamivir) iyo Relenza (zanamivir), ayaa badanaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu daaweeyo muruqyada hargabka cusub, xitaa marka tallaalka aan weli la heli karin.
- Fayruska ifilada cusub ayaa sii wadi doona isbedelka, taas oo micnaheedu noqon karo in fayraska HPAI H5N1 uu hal maalin kobciyo awoodda si fudud ugu faafi karo qof ka qof kale.
- Labada qaybood ee H iyo N ee H7N9 labadaba waa noocyo cusub oo aan hore u helin dadka buka. Taa bedelkeeda, qaybta H ee H5N1 oo keliya ayaa ku cusub dadka.
- Waxaa jira xaddado kooban oo ah xanuunka H7 ee Waqooyiga Ameerika, oo ay ku jiraan H7N3 ee Canada 2004 (2 kiis oo dad ah), H7N2 ee New York 2003 (hal kiis oo dad ah), iyo H7N2 ee Virginia sanadkii 2002 (hal kiis). Si ka duwan H5N1, kuwani waxay ahaayeen dhammaan noocyada fayrasyada hargabka fayraska hargabka.
- Hay'adda Caafimaadka Adduunka waxay leedahay hannaan caalami ah oo ilaalinta iyo barnaamijka kormeerka si loo caawiyo helitaanka iyo aqoonsiga noocyada cusub ee hargabka.
Tan ugu muhiimsan, tallaalka hargabka ee caalamiga ah oo laga yaabo inuu ka hortago dhammaan noocyada hargabka ayaa rajeynaya in hal maalin ay naga difaacdo dhammaan noocyada fayruska ifilada cusub.
Intaas ka dib, waxaa muhiim ah in aan sii wadno daawashada iyo la socoshada noocyada cusub ee fayruuska ifilada, ka shaqeynaya soo saarida dawooyinka cusub ee fayraska, tallaalada cusub, iyo hababka lagu yareynayo faafitaanka fayrusyada hargabka xayawaanka ilaa dadka. Iyo hubso inaad u sheegto dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad yeelato calaamadaha hargabka waxana dhawaanahan soo booqday aag halkaasoo noocyada noocan ah ee hargabkan cusub ee loo yaqaan 'flu virus' loo yaqaan 'loo yaqaan' si ay dadku u jiradaan.
> CDC. Ka Hortagga iyo Xakameynta Tallaalka Xilliyeed ee Tallaalka: Talooyinka Guddiga La-talinta ee Tallaalka Tallaalka (ACIP) - Maraykanka, 2014-15 Xilliga Hargabka. MMWR. Agoosto 15, 2014/63 (32), 691-697.
> CDC. Influenza Influenza A (H7N9) Virus. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/h7n9-virus.htm. Sameeyey July 2013.
> WHO. Soo-koobidda Qiimaynta Khatarta Bishiiba. http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/HAI_Risk_Assessment/en/index.html Laga bilaabo February 2014.
> CDC. Influenza A (H3N2) Virus Variant. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/h3n2v-cases.htm. Sameeyey July 2013.
> Diana L. La qabsashada xeeladaha maareynta hargabka caalamka si wax looga qabto fayraska soo baxa. Somali Journal of Physiology - Naqatada Noocyada Cudurrada iyo Naqshadeynta Neceb. 2013 Jul; 305 (2): L108-17.
> Sasiesekharan, Ram. Go'aamiyayaasha dhismaha ee dabiiciga ah ee H5N1 Hemagglutinin si loo Beddelo Gaarka Gaarka ah. Cell, Volume 153, Issue 7, 1475-1485, 06 Juun 2013.