Ugu yaraan 83% cudurka autism-ka ee keena hiddo-wadaha
Cilmi-baadhayaashu had iyo jeer waxay rumaysanyihiin in genetics ay kaalin muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan autism, laakiin dad badan ayaa ku qanacsan in kororka weyn ee cudurka dabiiciga ah uu sababo arrimaha deegaanka. Cilmi-baaristii dhawayd waxay soo jeedinaysaa in genetics ay masuul ka tahay ilaa boqolkiiba 90 kiisaska autismka, oo leh arrimaha deegaanka oo ciyaaraya door aad u yar.
Muxuu Cilmi-baadhistu Muujiyaan 'Genetics'?
Sida laga soo xigtay Machadka Qaranka ee Caafimaadka: "Gowradu waa qeybta aasaasiga ah ee ficil ahaaneed iyo ficil ahaaneed ee caqliga .
Caanaha, oo ka samaysan DNA, waxay u dhaqmaan sida tilmaamo lagu sameeyo maadiinno loo yaqaan "proteins". Bini'aadanku, gen ayaa ku kala duwan cabbirka boqolaal boqollaal DNA ah ilaa in ka badan laba milyan oo saldhig. Mashruuca Genom Project ayaa ku qiyaasay in bini'aadanku ay u dhexeeyso 20,000 ilaa 25,000 oo gen ah. "Cunnololeedka bini'aadamka wuxuu ku dhow yahay qofka oo dhan, xaqiiq ahaan, kaliya boqolkiiba 1 qiyaasta DNA-na waxay qeexaysaa sida qofku uga duwan yahay mid kale.
Caadadu waxay saameyn weyn ku leeyihiin xaaladda jidheed iyo maskaxeed. Laakiin inkastoo hiddo-wadaha laga dhaxlo waalidkeena, ma aha in dhammaan khilaafaadka hiddaha ah ay yihiin kuwo la heli karo. Taasi waa sababta oo ah isbeddelada hidda-socodka (oo lagu magacaabo mutations) ayaa dhici karta qof keligiis ah, oo aan lahayn wax dhaxal ah. Dib-u-dhaca wuxuu u dhici karaa si isdaba-joog ah (iyada oo aan loo haysan wax sabab ah) ama natiijo ka timaadda deegaanka.
Marka cilmi-baadhayaasha autism ay eegaan genetics, waxaa laga yaabaa inay sahamiyaan mid ka mid ah dhowr su'aalood oo kala duwan. Iyaga ka mid ah:
- Ilaa heerkee ayaa autism laga dhaxliyay waalidiinta?
- Ilaa heerkee ayaa loo yaqaan 'autism' sababo isbeddel aan isbeddelin oo ku dhaca unugyada aan la dhaxlayn?
- Noocyo gaar ah ama qaybo gen ah ayaa go'aaminaya in qofku leeyahay autistic?
- Waa maxay noocyada isbeddelka ee hidde-shakhsiyeedka ku talin kara cudurka autism?
- Sidee loo yaqaan 'autism' oo la xidhiidha cudurada hidaha ee la og yahay sida 'Fragile X'?
- Miyay noocyada kala duwan ee maskaxda ka mas'uul ah noocyada kala duwan ee autismka?
- Ma jiraan waxyeello bay'adeed oo sababa isbeddelada hidde-keena ee keena cudurka autism?
Maxaan ka ogaan karnaa autism iyo genetics?
Iyadoo ay jiraan waxyaabo yar oo ka reeban, cilmi-baarayaashu way awoodi kari waayeen inay ka jawaabaan su'aalaha ku saabsan autismka iyo genetics wax hubaal ah. Ma ogaanno, tusaale ahaan, dhab ahaan isugeynta isbeddellada hidde-yada ay u badan tahay inay keenaan cudurka autism. Ma naqaanno in isbeddelada isbeddelka ee kala duwan ay keenaan autism-ka sareeya ama hooseysa. Ma ogaanno in ay suurtogal tahay in la bedelo suurtogalnimada in dhaxal galiso autismka. Ma naqaanno in daaweynta hidda-socodku ay saamayn ku yeelan karto dadka qaba autismka.
Halkaan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa qaar ka mid ah waxa aan ognahay , sida laga soo xigtay NIH:
- ASD waxay leedahay ujeedka qoysaska, laakiin qaabka dhaxalka inta badan lama yaqaan. Dadka qaba isbeddelada hiddaha ee la xidhiidha ASD guud ahaan waxay dhaxlaan khatarta sii kordheysa ee lagu soo saaro xaaladda, halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd xaaladdeeda.
- Isbeddelada in ka badan 1,000 gen ayaa la soo sheegay in ay la xiriiraan ASD, laakiin tiro badan oo ka mid ah ururradan lama xaqiijin. Inta badan kala duwanaanshaha hiddesideyaasha waxay leeyihiin saameyn yar, iyo kala duwanaanta hiddo-wadaha badan ayaa isku dari kara arrimo khataraha deegaanka, sida da'da waalidka, dhibaatooyinka dhalashada, iyo kuwa aan la aqoonsan, si loo go'aamiyo khatarta ah in ay kobciso xaaladdan adag.
- Qiyaastii 2 ilaa 4 boqolkiiba dadka qaba ASD, isbeddellada hiddaha hiddaha ama isbedelka koromosoomka ayaa loo maleynayaa inay sabab u tahay xaaladda, inta badan waa astaamaha cudurrada oo sidoo kale ku lug leh calaamado iyo astaamo dheeraad ah oo saameeya qaybo kala duwan oo jirka ah.
- Sida laga soo xigtay daraasad dhawaan, ilaa 2500 oo gen oo kala duwan ayaa la xiriiri kara autismka. Tiradan aadka u weyn waxaa lagu soo bandhigay tiknoolajiyad cusub waxaana macnaheedu yahay in barashada autism ay noqoto mid sii kordheysa.
Genetics iyo deegaanka
Shaki kuma jiro in ciladaha deegaanka ay la falgalaan genetics si ay u abuuraan noocyo kala duwan oo ah autism. Hase yeeshee daraasadihii ugu dambeeyay waxay caddeeyeen in arrimaha isiradu ay yihiin, guud ahaan, labadaba mugdi iyo kakanba.
Sida laga soo xigtay Machadka Qaran ee Caafimaadka Sayniska, waxaa dhici karta in qaar ka mid ah faafinta deegaanka ay kordhin karaan khatarta cudurka autism , laakiin lama yaqaanno inay dhab ahaan keenaan cudurka autism. Waxaa ka mid ah:
- Da'da waalidnimo ee sarreeya xilliga rimidda
- Soo-dhoweynta dhalmada hawada
- Buurnaanta hooyada ama macaanka
- Dhibaatada xad dhaafka ah iyo culeyska dhalmada oo hooseeya
- Dhibaatooyinka dhalmada ee keena dhimashada oksijiin dhalmada ka horeysa maskaxda ilmaha
- Ku-soo-gaadhista dhalmada kahortaga cayayaanka qaarkood
- Ku-soo-gaadhista dhalmada kahortaga Valproate ama Thalidomide
- Kansarka nafaqada dhalmada kahor
Sidee bay ufilmaameedkani saameyn ugu yeelan karaan hidaha? Jawaabaha weli lama yaqaan, inkasta oo cilmi baaristu socoto. Waxaan ognahay in mid ka mid ah shucuurtaas aan la garaneynin ay tahay "cunto" "autism"; Carruur badan ayaa ku dhasha waalidiinta waayeelka ah, ama waqti hore, ama goobo qallalan oo aan lahayn otismis. Tani waxay soo jeedinaysaa in carruurta qaarkood ee khatarta hidde-gelyo ee cudurka autism-ka ay soo saareen khalkhalka ka dib soo-gaadhis gaar ah.
Waa maxay Muhiimadda: Genetics ama Environment?
Daraasada 2017-ka ayaa sahamisay su'aasha ah in genetics ama bay'adu dhaxli karto sababo badan oo keena autismka. Daahfaahinta, caddayntu waxay tilmaamaysaa hiddo-yaqaannada. Xaqiiqdii, sida laga soo xigtay hal baadhitaan:
Daraasaduhu waxay ogaadeen in cudurka iskudhexyaada autism (ASD) ee qoysaska, iyo daraasadaha twin ay qiyaasaan saamiga isbeddelka muuqaalku sabab u yahay arrimo hidde ah (gardarrada) in ay noqdaan boqolkiiba 90.
Daraasadii hore, Qoyska ASD waxaa lagu qiyaasay inay noqoto 0.50, iyo saameynta bay'adeed ee qoysaska la wadaago oo ah 0.04. Si loo qeexo joogitaanka ama maqnaanshaha ASD, daraasadda ayaa adeegsatay xog xogeed oo loo sameeyay si loo tixgeliyo saamaynta waqtiga-ku-reebka ah ee xogta, taasoo yarayn karta qiyaasaha qaan-celinta.
Daraasad kale oo ka soo kicisay koox carruur ah oo Iswiidhan laga soo bilaabo 1982 ilaa 2006 oo ay ku jiraan mataano, walaalo, iyo nus nus-qaraabada ah ayaa ogaaday in "dhacdadii 'ootiisigga' dhaxaltooyada 'ay ahayd qiyaastii 83%, halka saamaynta deegaanka aan la wadaagin lagu qiyaasay 17% . "
Si kale haddii loo dhigo, haddii daraasadahan ay sax yihiin, badi ahaan autismka ayaa dhaxlaya. Natiijadu waxay leedahay saameyn muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay qoysaska leh shakhsiyaad badan oo otism ah waxaana laga yaabaa inay muhiim u yihiin helitaanka daaweynta daaweynta ay u badan tahay in laga hortago ama loo daaweeyo cudurka autism.
Ereyga
Muxuu cilmi-baaristu micnaheedu yahay waalidiinta? Inkastoo aysan bixinin macluumaad badan oo waxqabadyo ah, waxay caddaynaysaa in qodobada deegaanka ahi ay kaalin yar ka ciyaaraan cudurka autism. Taas macnaheedu waa in waalidku u baahan yihin in laga walwalo in doorashooyinka nolosha caadiga ah ama dabeecadaha ay mas'uul ka yihiin xanuunka cunugga. Taa macnaheedu waxa weeye in waalidiintu ay dareemaan dareen ahaan xor ah inay diiradda saaraan, maaha wakhtigii hore ee ilmahooda, laakiin halkii mustaqbalkooda.
> Ilo:
> Brooks, Megan. Waxyaabaha hidde-wadaha ah waxay ku xiran yihiin inta badan khatarta cudurka autism. Medscape. Sebtembar 27, 2017. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/886250
> Krishnan, A. et al, Saadaalinta Genom-wide iyo astaamaha qaabdhismeedka aasaaska hiddaha ee cudurka autism spectrum. Nature Neuroscience , 2016; DOI: 10.1038 / nn.4353 Machadka Qaranka ee Caafimaadka Sayniska. Autismka. Web, 2017. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/autism/index.cfm
> Sandin S, Lichtenstein P, Kuja-Halkola R, Hultman C, Larsson H, Reichenberg A. Qaadashada xanuunka dhimirka ee autism. JAMA. 2017; 318 (12): 1182-1184. doi: 10.1001 / jama.2017.12141
> Sayniska Sayniska. Noocyada Autism-ka ayaa lagu aqoonsaday habab cusub. August 1, 2016. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160801113827.htm
> Maktabadda Qaranka ee Dawada ee Maraykanka. Autismka. Web, 2017. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/autism-spectrum-disorder#diagnosis
> Zayed, A. Xaqiijiyay: Cudurka ayaa ah Sababta ugu weyn ee Autismka. Adeegyada Caafimaadka Macaamiisha. Web. 2017. https://www.consumerhealthdigest.com/health-news/genetics-increase-autism-risk.html