Isku-darka Fluoride iyo Fluoridated ee isku-xirnaanta Cudurka Daacuunka
Dheecaannada biyaha ayaa lagu qeexaa sida lagu daro kiimikooyinka foloraydhka ah ee foloraydhka - sida caadiga ah hydrofluorosilicic acid ama sodium silicofluoride - si biyaha loo dhigo, oo leh ujeedada caawinta ka hortagga ilkaha. Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in 70% biyaha biyaha ee dalka Mareykanka ay yihiin kuwo dufan leh. Tani waxay ka soo horjeedaa waddamada ugu horumarsan, oo ay ku jiraan dhammaan jasiiradaha iyo badiba Galbeedka Yurub, kuwaas oo aan lahayn barnaamijyada fluoridation.
Duufaanta biyaha ee maxaliga ah ee Maraykanka ayaa noqdey arrin bulsho oo muran badan oo ka dhexjirta meelaha qaarkood, iyadoo doodo adag oo ka dhacaya beelaha ka fekeraya fluoridation, iyo mararka qaarkood, dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha isku dayaya in ay ku soo rogaan barnaamijyada fluoridation-ka jira.
Hal dhinac oo ka mid ah qodobbada waa saynisyahanno farsamada - oo ay weheliyaan dhakhaatiirta ilkaha iyo saraakiisha caafimaadka bulshada - kuwaas oo ku adkaysanaya in fluoridation of water supply guud ahaan guud ahaanba ammaan ah. Joogistooda ayaa ah in fluoridiidka biyaha - ay weheliso isticmaalka daawada cadayga ee fluoride iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa afka - waxay si weyn u yareeyn kartaa baahsanaanta daloolada. (1) Sida laga soo xigtay Ururka Ilkaha ee Maraykanka (ADA), fluoridiidka biyaha ayaa yaraynaya ilkaha ilkaha 20 ilaa 40 boqolkiiba. Mucjisyada fluoridation waxay ku andacoodaan in natiijada xun ee halista ah ee fluoridisku ay halis u tahay fluorosis-ka ilkaha, xinjirta ilkaha ilkuhu ay ku dhacdo heerarka sare ee ku-soo-gaadhista fluoride, mana aha khatar caafimaad, kaliya arrin qurxoon.
Fluorotikada ilkaha ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay waxoogaa yareyso wax ka yar afar meelood meel ka mid ah dadka da'doodu u dhaxayso 6 ilaa 49 sano. (3) Xiriirka u dhexeeya heerka fluoride iyo fluorosis ayaa la baaray, si loo ogaado heerka heerarka floraydhku uu yareeyo ama laga tirtiro saamaynta daawadan. Sanadkii 2006dii, guddi Golaha Qaran ee Cilmi baarista ee 12 xubnood ayaa si isku mid ah u soo jeediyay in heerka ugu sareeya ee 4 mg / L fluoride-ka ee sahayda biyaha loo dhimo.
Dabadeed, Hay'adda Caafimaadka Adduunka ayaa aasaasay tilmaam ah heerka ugu sarreeya ee 1.5 mg / L ee fluoride ee biyaha la cabo si looga hortago fluorosis. (4)
Dadka ka soo horjeeda fluoride waxay sheeganayaan in faa'iidooyinka fluoride ay ka badan yihiin liiska khatarta caafimaad ee ka baxsan fluorosis. Waxay sheeganayaan in faa'iidooyinka foosha ee fluoride ay tahay mid su'aal ah, in cilmi-baaristu aysan ku habooneyn (ama xitaa ay ku lug leedahay saamaynta warshadaha ilkaha). Dadka ka soo horjeeda ayaa sidoo kale ku andacoonaya in miyir-darrada dagaalku ay ka timaaddo soo-gaadhis miiran iyo in isticmaalka fluoride aan lagama maarmaan ahayn. Waxay ku andacoonayaan in aan la iska ilaalin karin marka biyaha fluoride ay ku jiraan biyaha biyaha iyo in marxaladan soo-gaadhista ay u oggolaato in foloraydhku uu ku ururo jirka, halkaas oo ay dhaawici karto maskaxda, IQ hoosta, waxay leedahay saameyno neurotoxis, iyo lafta waxyeelo, iyo kuwo kale oo badan saameynta caafimaadka. (5)
Mid ka mid ah arrimaha ugu murugada leh ayaa ah saameynta fluoride on qanjirka thyroid. Dad badani ma ogaan karaan in qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 20aad, fluoride-ta loo isticmaalo daawo ahaan dawada lidka-tiriska , si loo yareeyo hawsha qanjidhka ee ku jirta bukaannada hyperthyroid . Fluoride waxaa lagu ogaaday in ay tahay mid waxtar leh marka la xakameynayo ama la yareynayo howlaha qanjirada, sida laga soo xigtay cilmibaarista, iyo qiyaasta loo baahan yahay si loo yareeyo hawlaha qanjirada ayaa yarayd - 2 illaa 5 mg maalin kasta mudo bilo ah.
(6)
Dadka ka soo horjeeda foloraydhka biyaha ayaa ka walwalsan in heerarka foloraydhka loo isticmaalo in lagu daaweeyo qanjirada firfircoon ee xad-dhaafka ah (qiyaastii 1.6 ilaa 6.6 mg / maalintii) taasoo lagu qiyaasay dadka ku nool bulshooyinka leh sahayda biyaha leh.
Inkastoo tiro badan oo daraasad ah aaney helin xiriirka u dhexeeya fluoride iyo cudurka thyroid, daraasadaha kale (7) waxay ogaadeen in foloraydhku uu wax ka bedeli karo qanjirada, oo ay ku jiraan
- hoos u dhigtay T3
- Kordhay heerarka TSH
- Wareegga qanjirka (goiter)
Maxay Tijaabinayaan Bukaannada Qaaxada?
Doodda ka dhalatay foloraydhka ayaa ku kacday in ka badan 50 sano waxaana laga yaabaa inay sii socoto mustaqbalka.
Iyada oo daraasad tartamaya iyo natiijooyin aan macquul ahayn labada dhinacba, waxaa cad in doodda ka dhalatay saameynta fayruuska ku jirta daaweynta dheef-shiid kiimikaadka ay sii socon doonto tobanaan sano inay yimaadaan, khubarada labada dhinacba waxay tilmaamayaan cilmi-baaris ku taageertay jagadooda iyo ujeedooyinkooda.
Dhanka kale, maxay tahay in bukaannada qanjirka thay ay sameeyaan?
Bilaw ahaan, waad sii joogi kartaa. Macluumaadka pro-fluoride, meel fiican oo laga bilaabi karo waa Dental American Dental Association ee Fluoride iyo Fluoridation. Mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu wanaagsan ee macluumaadka ku saabsan mucaaradka loo yaqaan 'fluoridation' ayaa ah Fluoride Action Action, oo uu hoggaamiyo Dr. Paul Connett.
Dhab ahaantii, bukaannada qanjidhada ayaa leh ikhtiyaari ah inay raacaan talooyinka ADA iyo Xarumaha Xakameynta Cudurrada (CDC), oo sii wadaan inay isticmaalaan biyaha fluoridated , oo isticmaalaan alaabooyinka ilkaha ee fluoridated.
Ugu yaraan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa muhiim inaad ka warqabto digniinta CDC ee ku saabsan xad-dhaafka caanaha dhalaanka ah ee dib loo habeeyay biyaha biyaha leh. Si loo yareeyo fursadan, waalidiintu waxay isticmaali karaan biyaha dhalada yar ee fluoraydhka ah qaar ka mid ah waqtiyada ay isku qasaan caanaha dhalaanka; Biyaha la dhalaalay waxaa lagu calaamadeeyaa sida lafdhabarta, loo nadiifiyey, demin, ama la damqaday. " (8)
Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inaad rabto inaad ogaatid inta ay leegtahay foloraydhku ku jiro biyahaaga. Isku-xir ku xiran xogta CDC, Fluoride Finder , ayaa kaa caawin kara inaad ogaato heerarka fluoride ee gobolkaaga.
Kuwa dareensan in dareenka ay ka soo horjeedaan kuwa ka soo horjeeda ay sax yihiin, Richard Shames, MD, oo ah qoraaga buugag badan oo ku saabsan cudurka thyroid-ka , iyo dhakhtar isku dhafan ee Harvard ayaa yiri:
Waxaan ognahay in 4 ama 5 mg maalintii maalintii fluoride ay tahay mid aad u badan, laakiin dhibaatadu waxay tahay in qofna uusan garanayn inta ay dadku helayaan. Kuwa jimicsiga iyo cabista biyo badan, badanaaba qubeyska, dabaasha barkadaha, iwm. Ama isticmaal daawada cadayga ee dufan leh ama afka afka, ayaa laga yaabaa in ay u badan tahay in la cuno fluoride iyadoon la ogaan. Tallaabada ugu horreysa ee la qaado waa joojinta cabitaanka biyaha fluoride. Waxaad u baahan doontaa wax ka badan cabbirka kaamilada biyaha ee heerkulka udubdhexaadka ah ujeedadaas. Bedelkeeda, waxaad u baahan doontaa qalab osmosis ah ama unug kala-soocid. Waxaan sidoo kale soo jeedin karaa daawada cadayga aan-fluoride, oo si sahlan loo heli karo xoogaa si taxadar leh u eegaya dukaanka cuntada. Waxaan ogsoonahay inay suurtagal tahay in carruurta aan la isticmaalin foloraydhku ay suuragal tahay in ay yeeshaan godiyo badan, laakiin tani looma xaqiijin dhakhtarkeeda oo dhan. Anigu waxaan shakhsiyan aaminsanahay in faa'iidooyinka foloraydhka, xitaa carruurta, ay aad u kacsan yihiin, khatartana ay yareeyeen. Wixii kuwa dareemaya in loo baahan yahay in loo isticmaalo badeecooyinka foloraydhka ee ilkaha carruurta, sida arrimo caafimaad oo badan, dhexdhexaadintu waa furaha. Isticmaal si aad u liidata oo kormeer dhow, oo ha u ogolaan carruurtu in ay liqaan alaabooyin ay ku jirto fluoride.
Ilaha
(1) Petersen, P. et. al. "," Isticmaal wanaagsan oo loo isticmaalo foloraydhka loogu talagalay kahortaga ilkaha ee qarniga 21aad: habka WHO, " Dentist Community Dentistry iyo Afka Epidemiology , Volume 32, Issue 5, bogagga 319-321, Oktoobar 2004, Abstract
(2) Ururka Ilkaha ee Mareykanka, "Dheecaan & Fluoridation," Xaashida Xaqiiqda, www.ada.org
(3) Beltrán-Aguilar, E. et. al. "Maqnaanshaha iyo Qodobka Dheecaanka Fluorosis ee Maraykanka, 1999-2004," NCHS Warbixinta Warbixinta, Lambarka 53, Nofeembar 2010, Online
(4) Fagin D, "Fikradaha labaad ee ku saabsan fluoride". American Scientific 298 (1): 74-81. Janaayo 2008
(5) Connett, Paul, "50 Sababood oo Looga Hortagayo Fluoridation, September 2012," Network Fluoride Action, Online
(6) Galletti P, et. al. 1958. "Saameyntii Fluorineed ee Dheef-shiid kiimikaadka thodoidal iodine ee hyperthyroidism Journal of Endocrinology Clinic," 18 (10): 1102-1110. 1958
(7) Susheela AK, iyo al. "Fluoride dheecaan badan iyo cuncunka hoormoonka ee carruurta ee ku nool New Delhi, India." Fluoride , 38: 98-108. 2005. Golaha Cilmi Baarista Qaranka. "Fluoride ee biyaha la cabbo: dib u eegis cilmiyeed ee heerarka EPA." Jaamacadaha Qaranka ee Press, Washington DC 2006.
(8) "Guudmarka: Caanaha Ilmaha iyo Fluorosis," Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada, Online