Isticmaalida Wadajir ah Waxay Kor u Qaadi Kartaa Saameynta Dhibaatooyinka, Waxtarka Waxtarka Yar Yahay
Isdhexgalka daroogada ayaa ah mid caadi ah marka mar kasta oo daawo loo qoro mid kale. Xaaladaha intooda badan, isdhexgalka ma aha mid u baahan qof si uu u joojiyo hal daroogo ama mid kale. Had iyo jeer inta badan, qiyaasta ayaa la kordhin karaa, hoos u dhacaya ama jimicsi leh si looga fogaado suntan ama si loo hubiyo in dawooyinku ay kor u qaadaan awoodooda ugu wanaagsan. Waqtiyada kale, beddelida waxaa lagu sameyn karaa wakiil u dhigma.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka ay timaado cudurrada fayruska HIV-ga (ARVs) , waxaa jira dhowr daawo oo dhakhtar qoraya oo si toos ah u faragalin kara tallaabada daroogada. Waxay sidaas sameeyaan iyagoo isbeddelaya daawooyinka farmashiyaha (sida daawada daroogada) ama daawooyinka farmasokokinetiga (sida daroogadu u dhex socoto jidhka) mid ama in ka badan oo ka mid ah ARV-yadaada.
Taasi waxay noqon kartaa dhibaato culus. Marka daroogada daawooyinka farmasodinamiiga ayaa wax laga bedelay, waxay si xun u kici karaan ama yareyn karaan awoodda mid ka mid ah ama labadaba daroogadaada, ama kordhiya saameyntooda sunta ah ee aan loo dulqaadan karin, xitaa khatarta, heerarka halista ah.
Marka kale, marka farmashokinetikada ay faragalinayaan, waxay saameyn karaan sida wanaagsan ee daroogada loo nuugo ama jidhka loo nuugo. Xaaladaha kale, hal daroogo ayaa kicin kara enzymo oo hoos u dhigaya saameynta kale ama hoos u dhigidda qoorshaha daroogada si uu u dhiso kelyaha ama beerka.
Dhamaan kuwan waa dhacdooyin aad rabto inaad ka fogaato haddii daaweynta HIV-ga .
Marka laga reebo saameynta " muuqaalka " ee saameynta sunta daroogada, saameynta " aan muuqan " ee dhaqdhaqaaqa daroogada oo yaraaday waxay noqon kartaa mid qoto dheer. Haddii tani dhacdo, daroogadaada HIV-ga waxay u badan tahay inay awood u leedahay inay xakameyso fayraska, taas oo horseedi karta horumarinta hormarinta daawada daroogada iyo, ugu dambeyn, guuldareysiga - ma ahan kaliya hal wakiil laakiin badi ahaan daroogada oo dhan.
Sidaa daraadeed, waxaa muhiim ah in marwalba wargeliso dhakhtarkaaga HIV-ga ee daroogo kasta oo aad qaadan karto, haddii loo qoro iyo haddii kale.
Daroogooyinka Isku-xiran ee Isticmaalidda daaweynta HIV-ga
Daroogada ayaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay ka hortagto haddii ay keeni karto waxyeello. Xagga daweynta HIV ee daaweynta, waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo daawooyin ah, marka, marka la qaato ARVs, waxay leeyihiin kartida waxtarkeeda. Waxaa ka mid ah daawooyinka maalinlaha ah ee loo isticmaalo daaweynta xaaladaha baruurta ee wadnaha iyo xaaladaha wadnaha, iyo sidoo kale daaweynta loo isticmaalo daaweynta cudurrada la xiriira HIV.
Iyaga waa la jebin karaa, sida soo socota:
Dawooyinka Lipid-Downing
Dawooyinka Statin waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu yareeyo heerarka kolestaroolka oo ay ka shaqeeyaan adoo joojinaya in uu enzymes beerka ka masuulka ah inuu soo saaro kolestaroolka.
Inkasta oo daawooyinka caanka ah ee intooda badani aysan ka hor istaageynin isticmaalka ARVs (ama u baahan yihiin qiyaas daawo oo fudud), laba waa in laga fogaadaa iyadoo isticmaalka isticmaalkooda uu kordhin karo saameynta sunta ee dawooyinka takhtarka, oo ay ku jirto halista ah xanuunka muruqa la xiriira ama daciifnimo (myopathy) ama burbur halis ah oo ah unugyada muruqyada ( rhabdomyolysis ).
- Daroogooyinka laysku daro: Altoprev (lovastatin), Mevacor (lovastatin), Zocor (simvastatin)
- Looma isticmaali karo ARV-yada soo socda: Aptivus, Invirase, Genvoya, Kaletra, Lexiva, Prezista, Reyataz, Stribild, Vitekta
Daawooyinka Wadnaha
Qaar ka mid ah daawooyinka loo isticmaalo wadnaha aan caadi ahayn ( arrhythmia ) ayaa ka hortagaya isticmaalka qaba ARV qaarkood sababtoo ah waxay kordhin karaan suurtagalnimada beerka ama waxyeellada beerka. Labada wakiil ee ugu badani waxay yihiin:
- Daroogooyinka laysku daro: Multaq (Dronederone), Renexa (ranolazine)
- Lama adeegsan karo ARV-yada soo socda: Aptivus, Invirase, Genvoya (Renexa kaliya), Kaletra, Lexiva, Prezista, Reyataz, Stribild (Renexa oo keliya), Vitekta (Renexa oo keliya)
Daawooyinka kale ee wadnaha ayaa loo yaqaanaa inay yeeshaan isku mid ah oo waa in laga fogaadaa marka la isticmaalayo protease-ka-celiyeyaasha ARVs. Waxaa ka mid ah Cordarone, Nexterone, Pacerone, Quinaglute, Quinidexm Rythmol, Tambocor, iyo Tikosyn, iyo sidoo kale lidocaine anti-takoosto.
Daaweynta Daawada ka hortagga Cudurka Epilepsy
Guud ahaan, daawooyinka loo isticmaalo daaweynta suuxdinta ayaa loo tixgelinayaa inay amaan u tahay isticmaalka daawooyinkaaga HIV. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si toos ah ayey saameyn ugu yeeshaan daroogada Intel (etravirine) iyada oo la tartameysa waddooyinka isku midka ah ee bayoolojiga marka la wadaago. Marka sidaas la sameeyo, waxay si weyn u yareeyn kartaa diiradda Intel ee ku jirta dhiigga, taasoo hoos u dhigeysa waxtarkeeda.
- Daroogooyinka laysku daro: carbamazepin, phenobarbital, phenytoin
- Looma isticmaali karo ARV-yada soo socda: Intelence
Sedatives iyo Mukhaadaraadka kale ee Dareemayaasha
Qaar ka mid ah daawooyinka caadiga ah-iyo sidoo kale laba dawo oo la xakameeyay oo lagu daaweyn jiray daaweynta cudurka dhimirka ee schizophrenia iyo Tourette's syndrome-sidoo kale waxaa la ogaaday in ay saameeyaan heerarka foojignaanta ee wakiilada ARV.
- Daroogooyinka laysku daro: Latuda (lurasidone), Calaamadaha (midazolam), Orap (pimozide), Halcion (iriazolam)
- Looma isticmaali karo ARV-yada soo socda: Aptivus, Invirase, Genvoya, Kaletra, Lexiva, Prezista, Reyataz, Stribild, Vitekta
Cagaarshow nooca C
Heerka Cagaarshow C ee dadka qaba HIV waxay ku kici karaan in ka badan 20-30% qaybo ka mid ah Waqooyiga Ameerika iyo Yurub. Qaadashada daroogada cusub ee cagaarshowga C (oo loogu yeero ladagaalanka ficil-celinta tooska ah, ama DAAs ) oo rajeynaya heerarka daaweynta ee ka badan 90% dadka qaarkood, dareen weyn ayaa la dhigayaa daaweynta dadka la wadaago horay iyo ka daran oo ka badan sanadihii hore.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, tiro ka mid ah DAAs ma loo adeegsan karo ARV-ga qaarkood, taasoo ugu wacan inay ku kacdo tallaabooyinka daroogada ee tartanka ah kuwaas oo kordhin kara ama yareeyn kara farmasokokooliyada daroogada.
- Daroogooyinka laysku daro: Olysio, Victrelis, Viekira Pak
- Looma isticmaali karo ARV-yada soo socda: Aptivus, Edurant (Viekira Pak oo keliya) Intel, Invirase, Genvoya, Kaletra, Lexiva, Prezista, Reyataz (Olysio iyo Victrelis oo keliya), Selzentry (Viekira Pak oo keliya), Stribild, Sustiva, Viramune, Vitekta
Intaas waxaa sii dheer, daawooyinka Harvoni iyo Solvadi, oo ah labo ka mid ah DAAs ugu fiican ee suuqa, laguma wadaagi karo Aptivus.
Daawada Qaaxada
Qaybo ka mid ah adduunka, cudurka qaaxadu wuxuu ku dhacaa dadka caadiga ah ee qaba HIV. Xitaa Maraykanka iyo Yurub, heerka qaaxada (tiibayda) way ka sii badan tahay dadka HIV-ga, waana arrin caadi ah oo ku jirta cudurrada HIV-ga. Laba ka mid ah daawooyinka sida badan loo isticmaalo daaweynta infekshanka TB-da ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa inay hoos u dhigto daawooyinka daroogada ee ARV-ga qaarkood marka la wadaago.
- Daroogooyinka laysku daro: Rifampin, Rifapentine
- Looma isticmaali karo ARV-yada soo socda: Aptivus, Invirase, Genvoya, Kaletra, Lexiva, Nevirapine (rifapentine only), Prezista, Reyataz, Selzentry (rifapentine only), Stocrin (rifapentine only), Stribild, Tivicay (rifapentine only), Triumeq ( Rifapentine kaliya), Vitekta
Xaaladaha HIV / TB-da ee ku dhaca infakshanka, rifabutin daroogada ayaa sida caadiga ah lagu beddelaa marka mid ka mid ah ARV-yada la sheego.
Ilaha:
Machadyada Qaranka ee Caafimaadka (NIH). "Tilmaamaha Isticmaalka Aaladaha Antiretroviral ee dadka qaba HIV-1-Infekshan Dadka waaweyn iyo Dhalinyarada." Rockville, Maryland.