Nolosha nuska ah ee daroogooyinka kala duwanaa way kala duwan yihiin.
Maqnaanshaha daroogada ee nidaamkaaga weligiis. Faytamooloji, waqtiga qaadashada daroogada si loo yareeyo qayb ka mid ah plazma (dhiig) ayaa lagu magacaabaa nolosheeda nuska (t 1/2 ). (Xaqiijinta in aan ka hadleyno ku saabsan noolaha noolaha ayaa ah fure muhiim ah maxaa yeelay nus-nololeedku waa fikrad aan gaar aheyn daawada. Tusaale ahaan, fisigiska nukliyeerka, nus nus nolosha waxaa loola jeedaa jabida shucaaca.
Guud ahaan, barashada nolosha nuska ayaa ka tarjumeysa qiyaasta daawooyinka farmashiyaha. Pharmacokinetics waxaa loola jeedaa baaritaanka sida daroogadu u socoto iyada oo loo marayo jidh--gelitaanka, qaybinta iyo tirtirida. Labada farmashiye iyo dhakhtarrada labaduba waxay ka welwelayaan nolosha nuska sida metric. Si kastaba ha noqotee, sida macaamiisha wargelinta, waxaa fikrad wanaagsan in qof kastaa uu yareeyo waxoogaa nus ah.
Nooca Badbaadada Nolosha
Halkan waxaa ah habka loogu talagalay nuska nolosha:
t 1/2 = [(0.693) (Qiyaasta Qeybinta)]
Sida lagu muujiyey qaaciddada, noloshiisa nuska ah ee daroogada ayaa si toos ah ugu tiirsan xajmigeeda ama sida dariiqa daroogadu u fidayso jirka oo dhan. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, daroogada ayaa sii ballaareysa jirkaaga, mudada dheer ee nolosha. Waxaa intaa dheer, noloshii nuska ah ee daawadani waxay ku xidhan tahay nadiifinta jidhkaaga. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay marka heerka qiyaasta daawada ee jirkaagu uu ka sarreeyo, markaa nuska nolosha ayaa ka gaaban.
Xasuusta, daroogooyinka ayaa la cadeeyay kelyahaaga iyo beerkaaga.
Tusaale ahaan Half-Life
Halkan waxa ku yaala qaar ka mid ah daroogooyinka caadiga ah iyo badhkooda:
- Oxycodone (daawo xanuun): 2 ilaa 3 saacadood
- Zoloft (antidepressant): 26 saacadood
- Daawada Phenobarbital (dawo qalabixin): 53 illaa 118 saacadood
- Celebrex (NSAID ama daawo xanuun): 11.2 saacadood
Kinetics
Sida qiyaasta macnaha ah ee farmasokinetikada, nuska nolosha ayaa khuseeysa daroogada iyadoo la yiraahdo kinetics-kowaad. Kiniinada ugu horeysa ee la yiraahdo "kinetics" waxa loola jeedaa in la joojiyo daroogada si toos ah waxay ku xiran tahay qiyaasta hore ee daroogada. Marka la qaato qiyaas ka sarreeya, daroogo badan ayaa la nadiifiyaa. Daawooyinka intooda badani waxay raacaan kiniinada hore.
Taa beddelkeeda, daawooyinka leh kinetics-emir la'aan ah ayaa si madax bannaan loo nadiifiyaa hab muuqaal ah. Aalkoladu waa tusaale ah daroogada kaas oo lagu baabi'iyo kinetics-zero-order. Xasuusta, marka hababka cadaynta ee daroogadu ay u buuxsamayso, sida ku dhicid xad dhaafka, daawooyinka soo socda ee kinetics-ku-beddelidda kinetics waxay u beddelaan kinetics-zero-order.
Da '
Dadka waayeelka ah, nolosha nuska ah ee daawada lipid-fluble (baruurta-laysku daro) waxay kordhisaa kobcinta mugga kordhinta qaybinta. Dadka waayeelka ah badiyaa waxay leeyihiin unugyo badan oo adipose ah marka loo eego dadka yaryar. Da'da, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay leedahay saameyn xaddidan oo ku saabsan xayawaanka iyo xayawaanka. Sababtoo ah daroogada nuska ah ee daroogada, dadka waayeelka ah waxay badanaa u baahan yihiin daawooyinka daroogada ah ee yar ama ka yar marka loo eego dadka yaryar. Qoraal la xidhiidha, dadka caanaha ah waxay leeyihiin miisaan ballaaran, sidoo kale.
Iyada oo ay la socoto maamulka joogtada ah (tusaale ahaan BID ama laba goor daaweyn ah), ka dib markii ku dhawaad afar illaa shan kala badh ayaa dhammaaday, daroogadu waxay gaadhieysaa xoojin joogto ah oo qaddarka daawada la tirtiray ay isku dheelitirto qaddarka la maamulayo.
Sababta daroogadu u qaadato wakhti "shaqo" waa sababta oo ah waxay u baahan yihiin inay gaaraan taxadarka dawlad-goboleedka. Qoraal la xidhiidha, waxay sidoo kale qaadataa inta u dhaxaysa afar illaa shan nus ah daroogada si looga nadiifiyo nidaamkaaga.
Marka lagu daro in si taxadar leh loo tixgeliyo qiyaasta dadka waayeelka ah ee la kulma daroogada mudada dheer, dadka qaba xayiraadaha iyo ciribtirka waa inay sidoo kale si taxadar leh u soo gudbiyaan dhakhaatiirtooda soo qoray. Tusaale ahaan, qof qaba cudurka kelyaha dhammaadka kelyaha (kelyaha dhaawacmay) wuxuu la kulmi karaa sunta digoxin, dawo wadnaha ah, ka dib todobaadkii daaweynta qiyaasta 0.25 mg maalintii ama wax ka badan.
Ilaha:
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