Qayb ka mid ah baaritaanka jawaabta ardayga
Ma ka yaaban tahay dhakhtarkaaga indhahaaga inuu eegayo madaama ay iftiin dhalaalayso indhahaaga? U hubso in nalkaan loola jeedo inuu kaa xanaajiyo-waxa uu leeyahay ujeedo oo uu "iftiin u nasto" sida habka habdhiska dareenka u shaqeynayo.
Si khaas ah, imtixaankan indhaha, oo la yiraahdo baaritaanka jawaabta ardayga, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu baaro shaqeynta nacasta "cranial nerve II" (oo loo yaqaan naqshadda indhaha) iyo sinjiga curyaamiinta III (oo lagu magacaabo dareemaha oculomotor). Dareemaha indhaha waxay ku gudbinayaan calaamado muuqaal ah oo ka yimaada retina ilaa maskaxda. Waxyeello loo geysto dareemaha indhaha (sida sanbabada indhaha ) ayaa sababi kara dhibaatooyin aragga.
Dareemaha oculomotor wuxuu kantaroolaa afar ka mid ah lix muruq oo indhaha iyo sidoo kale xakameynaya dhererka ardayga iyo awoodda isha lagu hayo. Waxyeellada dareemaha oculomotor (sida dhaawaca madaxa, infakshanka, cadaadiska dhiigga sareeya, ama buro maskaxda) waxay keeni kartaa aragti laban ama arday weyni oo la afuufay.
Maxay tahay PERRLA?
Marka dhakhtarka ama kalkaalisaha indhaha indha indheynaya indhaha, PERRLA waa ereyo la adeegsado si loo sharaxo aragtida iyo shaqada indhaha. Waxay u taagan tahay:
- Xasuuso
- Aqoonta E
- R ound
- R wax- qabad u leh
- Ligh iyo
- Ccommodation (taas oo macnaheedu yahay awoodda indhaha ee diiradda saara sheyada dhow iyo fog)
Imtixaanka indhaha (oo lagu qeexay PERRLA) waxay noqon lahayd mid aan caadi ahayn haddii ardaydu:
- Maaha cabbir siman
- Aan ku wareegsanayn (gardarro)
- Ha isbeddelin (oo aan dib-u-reebi ahayn) marka nalka iftiin ku jiro (waa inay yaraadaan)
- Ha isbeddelin (oo aan la qabsanin) markaad eegto wax u dhow ama fog
Tijaabada Jawaabta Jawaabta ee Ardayga Waxaa sharaxay PERRLA
Si loo sameeyo imtixaanka jawaabta ardayga , qofku waxaa badanaa laga codsadaa inuu ku fariisto meel dabaq ah ama qol leh si uu u fuliyo tallaabooyinka soo socda:
- Dhakhtarka ama kalkaalisada ayaa raadin doona isku-duubnaanta u dhaxeeya labada arday iyo xusuusta qaabka iyo cabirka ka hor inta aan la bilaabin imtixaanka.
- Muraayad yar oo farshaxan leh ayaa dib udhaxeysa indhaha iyo ilbiriqsiyada labadii ilbiriqsi kadibna waxaa loo isticmaalaa in iftiin lagu shido indhaha. Qiimeyntan waxaa loogu yeeraa "imtixaanka istiraatiijiga ah." Dhakhtarka ama kalkaalisada ayaa u muuqda jawaab toos ah oo ku saabsan baaritaanka isbeddelka, si loo arko in ardaydu yaraadaan (caqabad ku noqdaan) si ay ugu jawaabaan iftiin toos ah, iyadoon loo eegin iftiinkooda.
- Isla mar ahaantaana, isku dhejinta ardayga kale waa inuu dhacaa (tan waxaa loo yaqaanaa jawaab celin ).
- Dhakhtarka ama kalkaalisada ayaa isticmaali kara qalin ama farta indhaha si ay u arkaan sida indhaha u eegayaan shay. Farta ayaa dib loo jiiday, hore iyo dhinaca dhinaca si loo arko in indhaha ay awoodaan in ay diiradda saaraan. Caadi ahaan, ardaydu waxay xayiraan inta ay la socdaan shay lagu dabiiciyay meel u dhow ama fog.
Waa maxay baaritaanka PERLA?
Jawaabta tooska ah ee iftiinka hal il ah waxay noqon kartaa calaamad muujinaysa cillad xagga ardayga ah oo khatar ah (RAPD) . Tani waxaa kale oo mararka qaar loo yaqaan "Marcus Gunn".
Waxaa jira xaalado kala duwan oo u horseeda RAPD sida:
- Glaucoma daran
- Optic neuritis
- Caleemaha indhaha
- Ischemic optic neuropathy (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'stroke of cerebral optics')
- Dhaawacyada madaxa oo dhaawici kara dareemaha indhaha
- Dhaawaca qaliinka ee dareemaha indhaha (sababo la xiriira dhaawaca uu sababay suuxdinta, isha, xinjir, sinus, ama qalliin caag ah )
- Cudurada taranka daran
Guryaha aan caadiga ahayn ee dib u soo noqoshada (jawaab-celinta si ay u eegaan wax u dhaqaaqa isha) waxay sababi karaan xaalado kala duwan, oo ay ka mid yihiin:
- Neefsashada dareemaha indhaha
- Neefsashada dareemaha oculomotor
Ereyga
Indhaha waa unug adag oo ah nabraha oo xakameynaya. Waxaa xusuus mudan, in kastoo, imtixaanka sida fudud ee imtixaanka jawaabta ardaygu wuxuu u adeegaa sida daaqad ku jirta nidaamka habdhiska dareenka.
Inkastoo baaritaan aan caadi aheyn ay bixin karto baaritaan sax ah, waxay u dirtaa dhakhtarka in wax aan sax ahayn iyo in loo baahan yahay hawlo caafimaad oo qotodheer ah.
Sidii had iyo jeer, hubi inaad dhakhtarkaaga weydiiso astaamahaaga iyo natiijooyinka qiimeyn kasta oo la sameeyo si aad ula sameyso indhahaaga iyo araga.
Ilaha:
Ururka Aasaaska Aasaasiga ah ee Ophthalmology. Saddexda Nerve Palsy.
Blumenfeld H. Neuroanatomy iyada oo loo marayo Xaaladaha Caafimaadka: Jawaabaha Ardayda (CN II, III).
> Broadway DC. (2012). Sidee loo tijaabiyaa cilladda ardayga ee khaaska ah ee kuxiran (RAPD). Community Eye Health, 25, 79-80, 58-59.
Heiting G, Palombi J. (September 2016). Waxa la filanayo inta lagu jiro Imtixaanka Eye Eye.