Dad badan, naxdin leh, sheekada autism waxay ka bilaabantaa Andrew Wakefield.
Dadka intooda badan waxay fahmaan in fikradiisa xun iyo cilmi-baaris la yiraahdo ay ka baqayaan dadku inay tallaalaan carruurtooda, laakiin waxay u badan tahay inay dadka rumaysato in uu qabo cudurka dabaysha ee ku xidhan tallaalka.
Dadka qaar ayaa tagaya si ay u waydiiyaan meesha ay ku badan yihiin dadka waawayn ee autistic-ka ah haddii aysan jirin faafin cusub ee cudurka autism oo ay keentay kororka isticmaalka tallaalka.
Taariikhda Autismka
Haddii aad wakhti yar qaadato si aad u fahamto taariikhda autismka, waa sahlan tahay in la arko in ay jiraan dad badan oo dadka autistic ah oo ku dhow iyo in cudurka autism uu ahaa muddo dheer.
Sheekada dhabta ah ee autism waxay dib ugu soo noqotaa tobanaan sano, haddii aanay qarniyaal ahayn. Xaqiiqdii, Steve Silberman, buugiisa uu ku qoran yahay NeuroTribes: Hantida Autismka iyo mustaqbalka isbeddellada 'Neurodity' , ayaa aad uga fog in la yidhaahdo "dadka autistic-ka ah had iyo jeer waa qayb ka mid ah beesha aadanaha."
Taariikhda ugu dambeysa ee autismka (positive iyo negative ) waxaa ka mid ah:
- Oliver Sacks ayaa qoray wargayska Henry Cavendish, oo ah cilmi-baare ku dhashay 1731-kii, wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin badan oo "udub dhexaad u ah Asperger's syndrome." (1731/2001)
- Graham Farmelo, buugiisa "The Strangest Man," wuxuu qoray wargeyska Paul Dirac, oo ah cilmi-baare ku dhashay 1902, oo laga yaabo in uu lahaa autism-ka aan la aqoonsan. (1902/2011)
- Grunia Sukhareva, oo ah dhakhtarka maskaxda carruurta ee Kiev, Russia, ayaa qoray wargayska ku saabsan carruurta leh hidde-oodaha autism-ka ee cilmi-nafsiga cilmiga dhimirka ee Jarmalka iyo joorka neerfaha. (1926)
- Louise Despert oo ah cilmi-nafsi yaqaan ku yaal New York, ayaa qoray 23 xaaladood oo ka mid ah shisoofraniimada carruurta, qaar ka mid ah kuwaa oo lahaa calaamado isku midka ah qoondaynta maanta ee cudurka autism. (1938)
- Hans Asperger wuxuu soo saarey cilmi baarista ugu horreysa ee carruurta qabta cudurka autism ama autismus, kiis daraasad lagu qeexayo kaliya afar carruur ah, inkastoo ay cadeeyeen inuu la shaqeynayay 100s caruur ah oo qaba cudurka autism iyo Aspergers Syndrome ee rugta caafimaadka ee magaalada Vienna. (1943)
- Leo Kanner waxa ay daabacday "Dhibaatooyinka Autistic Behavior Contact", oo sharraxaysa 11 bukaan oo qaba cudurka autism ee hore (magaca uu ku qoray 1944) ee joornaalka "The Nervous Child." (1943)
- Kanner ayaa ku dhawaaqday aragtidiisa ah in cudurka autismku uu keeno hooyooyinka qaboojiyaha (1949)
- Lauretta Bender wuxuu la shaqeeyey carruurta autism 1950 iyo 1960-yadii
- Bruno Bettelheim ayaa qoray buugiisa "Faarfiska", kaas oo xoojinaya miisaanka hooyada qaboojiyaha ah sababta keenta cudurka autism. (1967)
- DSM-I, carruurta qaba calaamadaha cudurka autism waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay inay yihiin shisoofrani ilmanimada. (1952)
- Leon Eisenberg wuxuu daabacayaa wargeyskiisa '' Autistic Child in Teenage, 'ka dib 63 carruur caruuta ah. (1956)
- Bulshada Gargaarka Caruurta ee Autistic ee Waqooyiga London ayaa la sameeyay (kadibna wuxuu noqonayaa Ururka Qaranka Qaranka ee Autistic). (1962)
- Bernard Rimland wuxuu soo saaray buugiisa "Infantile Autism: Xaaladda Cudurka ah iyo Saameynteeda Nidaamka Asluubta Habdhaqanka." (1964)
- Ole Ivar Lovaas wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka shaqeeyo aragtida aragtida daaweynta ABA ee caruurta autistic. (1964)
- Dugsiga Sybil Elgar wuxuu bilaabmayaa "wax barista iyo xanaaneynta carruurta leh autismka." (1965)
- Koox waalidiin ah oo caruur ah ayaa yeeshay shirkii koowaad ee Bulshada Qaranka ee Caruurta Autismka (oo hadda loogu yeero Bulshada Autism-ka ee Mareykanka). (1965)
- In DSM-II la cusbooneysiiyo, weli wali ma jiro qayb gaar ah oo loogu talagalay cudurka autism. (1968)
- Bulshada Qaranka ee Golaha Guud ee Koowaad ee Caruurnimada ayaa lagu qabtay Washington. (1969).
- Maxkamadda Somerset waxay noqotaa "xarunta koowaad ee takhasuska leh ee dadka qaba cudurka autism ee UK." (1972)
- Lee Felsenstein, oo markii dambe lagu sheegay Asperger's syndrome, wuxuu abuuraa barta elektronikada ee ugu horeysa - Xusuusta Bulshada. (1973)
- Waxbarashada loogu talagalay Dhammaan Sharciga Carruurta Naafada ah ayaa la hirgeliyay "si loogu taageero dawladaha iyo degaanka si loo ilaaliyo xuquuqda, baahida shakhsiyeed, iyo hagaajinta natiijooyinka" carruurta curyaamiinta ah, intooda badani horey looga saaray dugsiga. (1975)
- Lorna Wing waxay gacan ka geysatey horumarinta 'sedexda naafonimada' ee aragtida cudurka autism spectrum (1970s)
- DSM-III Ugu dambeyntii waxaa ku jira shuruudaha lagu ogaanayo cudurka autism-ka ee carruurta leh saddex sifooyin muhiim ah. (1980)
- Susan Moreno waxay abuurtaa warsideeyaal ah oo ay ka helaan dadka qaba autismka "Warqada Aqoonsiga Autism" (oo dib loogu magacaabo 'dad badan oo awood u leh autistic' ama MAPP) (1984)
- Temple Grandin ayaa qoray 'Dajinta'. (1986)
- Fiidiyoow qof 24-jir ah oo qaan-gaar ah ayaa la sii daayay - 'Portrait of a dhalinyarada autistic'. (1986)
- DSM-III-R waxay ku daraysaa PDD-NOS waxayna kordhineysaa dabacsanaan yar oo lagu ogaado cudurka autism-ka. (1987)
- Autism-ka waxaa lagu daraa qayb ka mid ah naafonimada gaarka ah ee Sharciga Waxbarashada Shaqsiyaadka Naafada ah (IDEA), taasoo ka dhigaysa wax yar in la helo adeegyo. (1990)
- Donna Williams, oo ah qof qaan-gaar ah, ayaa qoray kowaad ee buugaagta autobiographers - "Nobody Nowhere." (1991)
- "20/20" iyo bandhigyo kale ayaa warbixinta isku dayaya in ay ku xiraan wasakheynta deegaanka iyo autism ee magaalada Leominster, Massachusetts, oo ah koox isdaba-joog ah oo la yiraahdo autism-ka oo dhowaan laga cararay, oo ay ku jiraan kala badhkii caruurta oo aan lahayn autism iyo qaar aan xitaa xitaa ku noolaan aagga. (1992)
- Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Autism Network wuxuu abuuray koox dad autism ah. (1992)
- Astaamo badan iyo calaamado badan ayaa lagu daraa qaybta cudurka dabaysha ee DSM-IV. (1994)
- Catherine Maurice ayaa qoray buugga 'Ii Dhegayso Codkaaga: Qoyska uu ku guuleystey Autism' (1994)
- Michael waa dabeecadda autistic ee buugga 'Microserfs' (1995) by Douglas Copeland
- Oliver Sacks, MD ayaa qoray wargayska 'Anthologist on Mars,' oo ay ku jiraan sheekooyin dhowr ah oo ku saabsan dadka waawayn ee autism, oo ay ku jiraan Temple Grandin iyo Stephen Wiltshire. (1995)
- Shirkadda Autism Network International's shirkii ugu horeeyay ee autism waa la qabtaa. (1996)
- Cure Autism Hadda waxaa la sameeyay waxaana ugu dambeyntii la mid ah Autism Speaks. (1995/2007)
- Andrew Wakefield wuxuu ku daabacay wargeyska Lancet waxaana uu sheegay inuusan isticmaali doonin tallaalka MMR ee isku-dhafan sababta oo ah khatarta cudurka autism. (1998)
- Judy Singer ayaa qoray wargeyska 'neurodiversity'. (1999)
- Dhaqtarka Autism wuxuu aqbalaa Feejignaanta Fududeynta Awoodsiinta "calaamad caalami ah oo ku saabsan wacyigelinta autism." (1999)
- Guddiga Iskuduwidda Dhexdhexaadinta Is-bahaysiga (IACC) waxaa aasaasay Xeerka Caafimaadka Carruurta ee 2000.
- Karyn Seroussi ayaa qoray buugga 'Qaadashada Qarsoonaanta Autismka iyo Dhibaatada Horumarinta Korriinka: Hantida Hooyo ee Cilmi-baarista iyo Soo-kabashada' (2000)
- Kala Hadal Cilaajinta Autism (2000)
- Steve Silberman ayaa qoray wargayska 'Geek Syndrom' ee ku yaal magazine Wired (2001)
- DSM-IV TR (2002)
- Ururada Iskaashatooyinka Caalamiga ah iyo Regional Asperger Syndrome (GRASP), oo ah urur ay maamusho dadka qaba Asperger's iyo Autism Spectrum Disorders. (2003)
- Bernard Rimland, Machadka Cilmi-baarista Autism-ka iyo Autism Defecism Now! nidaamyada, ayaa qora buugga "Recovering Autistic Children." Wiilkiisa autistic wuxuu dhashay 1956. (2003)
- Qorshaha Wareegtada, website-ka loogu talagalay autism, ayaa la bilaabay. (2004)
- Susan Senator ayaa qoray 'Samaynta Nabadgalyo leh Autism' (2005)
- Ari Ne'eman wuxuu ku bilaabmaa Shabakada Self-Advocacy Network (ASAN). (2006)
- Dora Raymaker iyo Christina Nicolaidis waxay bilawday Iskaashiga Jaamacadeed ee Waxbarashada iyo Waxbarashada (AASPIRE). (2006)
- La-dagaallanka Sharciga Autism-ka (2006/2011)
- Amelia Baggs ayaa 'post In My Language' ku soo daabacday YouTube (2007)
- Warbixinta CDC / ADDM ayaa sheegaysa in cudurka Ootiisamku uu yahay mid ka mid ah 150kii carruur ah (carruurta dhashay 1994). (2007)
- Jenny McCarthy wuxuu bilaabay inuu la shaqeeyo Nabadgalyada Nabadgelyada, urur kale oo u maleynaya in tallaalada iyo waxyaabaha kale ee deegaanka ay sababaan cudurka autism. (2008)
- Alison Singer wuu iska casilay Autism Speaks wuxuuna bilaabay Machadka Sayniska ee Autism. (2009)
- Warbixinta CDC / ADDM ayaa sheegaysa in cudurka Ootiisamku uu kor u kacay ilaa 1 qof 110 (carruurta dhashay 1998). (2009)
- Corina Becker ayaa qoray wargeyska bilaabaya Maalinta Wadahadalka Autism-ka ee sanadlaha ah. (2010)
- Andrew Wakefield ayaa lumiyay liisankiisa caafimaad islamarkaana laga mamnuucay inuu daawo daawo, ka dib markii dib loo soo celiyo warqaddiisa autismka. (2010/2004)
- Julia Bascom wuxuu bilaabmayaa Mashruuca Loud Hands. (2011)
- Tilmaamaha Dadka Ka Fekerida ee Maqnaanshaha Autism ayaa la bilaabay. (2011)
- Paula Durbin Westby waxay abaabushaa bilawga koowaad ee Autism Acceptance Month, oo hadda la qabtey April kasta. (2011)
- Warbixinta CDC / ADDM ayaa sheegaysa in cudurka Ootiisamku uu kor u kacay illaa 1 ee 88 (carruurta dhashay 2000). (2012)
- DSM-5 waxay isku daraan cudurka autism, Asperger, xanuunka carqaladeynta caruurnimada, iyo PDD NOS oo loo geliyo xanuunka autism spectrum. (2013)
- Warbixinta CDC / ADDM ayaa sheegaysa in cudurka Ootiisamku uu kor u kacay 1dii 68 (carruurta dhashay 2002). (2014)
- Xeerka Daryeelka Autism-ka ee 2014
- Steve Silberman ayaa qoray wargayska NeuroTribes (2015)
- Warbixinta ugu dambeysa ee CDC / ADDM ayaa sheegaysa in cudurka Ootiisamku uu weli yahay 1 qof 68 (carruurta dhashay 2004). (2016)
Maxaa xiga?
Ilaha
Manouilenko I, Sukhareva - Ka hor Asperger iyo Kanner. Nord P Psychiatry. 2015 Aug; 69 (6): 479-82
Baker, Jeffrey, P. Autism at 70 - Dib u Xoqidda Xuduudaha. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 1089-1091
Saaxiibayaal, Sam. Miyuu Kanner Hore Tilmaameeyaa Koontada Koowaad ee Autismka? Maqnaanshaha ee 1938. Jarida Autismka iyo Jirrada Korriinka. Julaay 2015, Qaybta 45, Issue 7, pp 2274-2276
Feinstein, Adams. Taariikhda Autismka: Wadahadal lala yeesho Hormarka.
Silberman, Steve. NeuroTribes. 2015.